24393-62-2

Usage

Chemical Family

Cinnamic acid esters

Formation

Esterification of 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid with ethanol

Main Uses

Intermediate in pharmaceutical production
Intermediate in agrochemical production
Intermediate in organic synthesis

Physical Characteristics

Appearance: White to light yellow crystalline solid
Melting Point: Around 65-70 °C

Functional Applications

Building block in the synthesis of various heterocycles
Building block in the synthesis of functional materials

Reactivity

Versatile reactivity

Structural Flexibility

Facilitates synthesis of diverse compounds

Safety Concerns

Handle with care; follow safety guidelines due to potential hazards.

Upstream product

• 1071-46-1 hydrogen ethyl malonate 
• 874-42-0 2,4-dichlorobenzaldeyhde 
• 141-78-6 ethyl acetate 
• 65946-56-7 1-ethoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethene 
• 140-88-5 ethyl acrylate 
• 541-73-1 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 
• 188945-44-0 ethyl 2-[bis(2-isopropylphenoxy)phosphoryl]acetate 
• 1099-45-2 ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate 
• 95-00-1 2,4-dichloro-benzenemethanamine 
• 1777-82-8 (2,4-dichlorophenyl)methanol 
• 105-36-2 ethyl bromoacetate 
• 867-13-0 diethoxyphosphoryl-acetic acid ethyl ester 
• 24045-02-1 (benzothiazole-2-sulfonyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 

Downstream Products

• 111928-50-8 4-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-4-cyano-3-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-butyric acid ethyl ester 
• 20595-46-4 (Z)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylic acid 
• 91700-87-7 7-chloro-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,9-dione 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Hypervalent iodine(iii) induced oxidative olefination of benzylamines using Wittig reagents

We have developed hypervalent iodine(iii) induced oxidative olefination of primary and secondary benzylamines using 2C-Wittig reagents, which provides easy access to α,β-unsaturated esters. Mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yields with high (E) selectivity, and a broad substrate scope are the key features of this reaction. We have successfully carried out the gram-scale synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters.

Larvicidal activity and in silico studies of cinnamic acid derivatives against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cinnamic acid derivatives (CAD's) represent a great alternative in the search for insecticides against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes since they have antimicrobial and insecticide properties. Ae. aegypti is responsible for transmitting Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses, among other arboviruses associated with morbimortality, especially in developing countries. In view of this, in vitro analyses of n-substituted cinnamic acids and esters were performed upon 4th instar larvae (L4) of Ae. aegypti, as well as, molecular docking studies to propose a potential biological target towards this mosquitoes species. The larvicide assays proved that n-substituted ethyl cinnamates showed a more pronounced activity than their corresponding acids, in which p-chlorocinnamate (3j) presented a LC50 value of 8.3 μg/mL. Thusly, external morphologic alterations (rigid and elongated body, curved bowel, and translucent or darkened anal papillae) of mosquitoes’ group exposed to compound 3j, were observed by microscopy. In addition, an analytical method was developed for the quantification of the most promising analog by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Molecular docking studies suggested that the larvicide action is associated with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Therefore, expanding the larvicidal study with the cinnamic acid derivatives against the vector Ae. aegypti is important for finding search for more effective larvicides and with lower toxicity, since they have already shown good larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti.

Boron-Catalyzed C?C Functionalization of Allyl Alcohols

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed C?C bond functionalization of arylallyl alcohols using donor-acceptor carbenes is presented. The allylic hydroxyl group is found to assist the product formation by neighboring group participation providing a clue towards mechanistic understanding. This method can also be employed to effect homologation of allyl alcohols to homoallyl alcohols. Overall, this metal-free transformation presents a novel disconnection strategy towards carbon-carbon bond scission and formation. (Figure presented.).

Dual Ligand-Enabled Nondirected C?H Olefination of Arenes

The application of the Pd-catalyzed oxidative C?H olefination of arenes, also known as the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction, has traditionally been limited by the requirement for directing groups on the substrate or the need to use the arene in large excess, ty

S,O-Ligand-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Reactions of Nondirected Arenes

Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of nondirected arenes has been realized using an inexpensive and easily accessible type of bidentate S,O-ligand. The catalytic system shows high efficiency in the C-H olefination reaction of electron-rich and electron-poor arenes. This methodology is operationally simple, scalable, and can be used in late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. The broad applicability of this catalyst has been showcased in other transformations such as Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H acetoxylation and allylation reactions.

Ligand-accelerated non-directed C-H functionalization of arenes

The directed activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (C-H) is important in the development of synthetically useful reactions, owing to the proximity-induced reactivity and selectivity that is enabled by coordinating functional groups. Palladium-catalysed non-directed C-H activation could potentially enable further useful reactions, because it can reach more distant sites and be applied to substrates that do not contain appropriate directing groups; however, its development has faced substantial challenges associated with the lack of sufficiently active palladium catalysts. Currently used palladium catalysts are reactive only with electron-rich arenes, unless an excess of arene is used, which limits synthetic applications. Here we report a 2-pyridone ligand that binds to palladium and accelerates non-directed C-H functionalization with arene as the limiting reagent. This protocol is compatible with a broad range of aromatic substrates and we demonstrate direct functionalization of advanced synthetic intermediates, drug molecules and natural products that cannot be used in excessive quantities. We also developed C-H olefination and carboxylation protocols, demonstrating the applicability of our methodology to other transformations. The site selectivity in these transformations is governed by a combination of steric and electronic effects, with the pyridone ligand enhancing the influence of sterics on the selectivity, thus providing complementary selectivity to directed C-H functionalization.

Gold-Catalyzed [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement: Reaction of Aryl Allyl Alcohols with Diazo Compounds

A gold-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction has been developed. The intermolecular rearrangement occurs between in situ generated donor-acceptor gold-carbenes and cinnamyl alcohols via tandem oxonium ylide formation. The desired rearranged product has been accomplished selectively over more conventional O-H insertion, cyclopropanation, cycloaddition, and C-H functionalization products under mild, open-air conditions. The scope of the work has been illustrated by synthesizing a new class of substrates that can be used for constructing complex molecular targets.

N-heterocyclic carbene-catalysed Peterson olefination reaction

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been utilised as highly efficient organocatalysts to catalyse Peterson olefination reaction of aldehydes with trimethylsilylketene ethyl trimethylsilyl acetal or fluoro(trimethylsilyl)ketene ethyl trimethylsilyl acetal to produce the corresponding functionalized olefines in 34-93% yields with excellent stereoselectivities.

Tandem oxidation–Wittig reaction using nanocrystalline barium manganate (BaMnO4); an improved one-pot protocol

A one-pot, tandem oxidation–Wittig procedure has been developed in which the reacting components are generated in situ from alcohols, triphenyl phosphine, and ethyl bromoacetate using barium manganate as a mild oxidizing agent without the addition of an external base.

Substituent effects of cis-cinnamic acid analogues as plant growh inhibitors

1-O-cis-Cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose is one of the most potent allelochemicals that has been isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb by Hiradate et al. It derives its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid (cis-CA), which is crucial for phytotoxicity. By preparing and assaying a series of cis-CA analogues, it was previously found that the key features of cis-CA for lettuce root growth inhibition are a phenyl ring, cis-configuration of the alkene moiety, and carboxylic acid. On the basis of a structure-activity relationship study, the substituent effects on the aromatic ring of cis-CA were examined by systematic synthesis and the lettuce root growth inhibition assay of a series of cis-CA analogues having substituents on the aromatic ring. While ortho- and para-substituted analogues exhibited low potency in most cases, meta-substitution was not critical for potency, and analogues having a hydrophobic and sterically small substituent were more likely to be potent. Finally, several cis-CA analogues were found to be more potent root growth inhibitors than cis-CA.