249617-46-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
N-Heterocyclic carbene triazolium salts containing brominated aromatic motifs: Features and synthetic protocol
Raed, Anas Abo,Dhayalan, Vasudevan,Barkai, Shahar,Milo, Anat
, p. 878 - 882 (2020/12/25)
In this work, we provide a brief overview of the role of N-aryl substituents on triazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. This synopsis provides context for the disclosed synthetic protocol for new chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) triazolium salts with brominated aromatic motifs. Incorporating brominated aryl rings into NHC structures is challenging, probably due to the substantial steric and electronic influence these substituents exert throughout the synthetic protocol. However, these exact characteristics make it an interesting N-aryl substituent, because the electronic and steric diversity it offers could find broad use in organometallic- A nd organo-catalysis. Following the synthetic reaction by NMR guided the extensive modification of a known protocol to enable the preparation of these challenging NHC pre-catalysts.
Practical Synthesis of Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Triazolium Salts Containing a Hydroxy Functional Handle
Dhayalan, Vasudevan,Mal, Kanchan,Milo, Anat
, p. 2845 - 2864 (2019/07/04)
A library of functionalized chiral pyrrolidine-based N-heterocyclic carbene triazolium salts containing a hydroxy handle is prepared from readily accessible chiral (S)-pyroglutamic acid in eight steps. This improved synthetic protocol affords increased yields for known structures and 18 new NHCs are prepared by this method. The presence of a hydroxy handle offers potential for further functionalization and for non-covalent control over catalytic reactions in which the NHCs can serve as organocatalysts or ligands for organometallic catalysis.
Stereo- and Chemodivergent NHC-Promoted Functionalisation of Arylalkylketenes with Chloral
Douglas, James J.,Churchill, Gwydion,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Fox, David J.,Smith, Andrew D.
supporting information, p. 16354 - 16358 (2015/11/09)
Stereo- and chemodivergent enantioselective reaction pathways are observed upon treatment of alkylarylketenes and trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral) with N-heterocyclic carbenes, giving selectively either β-lactones (up to 88:12 dr, up to 94% ee) or α-chloroesters (up to 94% ee). Either 2-arylsubstitution or an α-branched iPr alkyl substituent within the ketene favours the chlorination pathway, allowing chloral to be used as an electrophilic chlorinating reagent in asymmetric catalysis.
Highly enantioselective intermolecular stetter reaction of simple acrylates: Synthesis of α-chiral γ-Ketoesters
Wurz, Nathalie E.,Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Glorius, Frank
supporting information, p. 16297 - 16301 (2013/02/22)
Simple Stetter: A novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) was designed by combining an electron-rich 2,6-dimethoxy substituent and an underestimated yet promising chiral motif. With this NHC in hand, a highly enantioselective intermolecular Stetter reaction of simple acrylates was developed, yielding versatile α-chiral γ-ketoesters. This represents the first catalytic asymmetric route towards these valuable compounds (see scheme).
Catalytic enantioselective Steglich rearrangements using chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes
Campbell, Craig D.,Concellon, Carmen,Smith, Andrew D.
experimental part, p. 797 - 811 (2011/08/06)
The evaluation of a range of enantiomerically pure NHCs, prepared in situ from imidazolinium or triazolium salt precatalysts, to promote the catalytic enantioselective Steglich rearrangement of oxazolyl carbonates to their C-carboxyazlactones, is reported. Modest levels of enantioselectivity (up to 66% ee) are observed using oxazolidinone derived NHCs.
Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed staudinger reaction of ketenes with imines: Highly enantioselective synthesis of N-boc β-lactams
Zhang, Yan-Rong,He, Lin,Wu, Xu,Shao, Pan-Lin,Ye, Song
, p. 277 - 280 (2008/09/19)
(Chemical Equation Presented) N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were demonstrated to be efficient catalysts for the Staudinger reaction of ketenes with N-tosyl, N-benzyloxycarbonyl, or N-tert-butoxycarbonyl imines. Chiral NHC 8b, conveniently prepared from L
Synthesis of enantiopure triazolium salts from pyroglutamic acid and their evaluation in the benzoin condensation
Enders, Dieter,Han, Jianwei
, p. 1367 - 1371 (2008/12/20)
A family of enantiopure 1,2,4-triazolium salts were prepared starting from the inexpensive (S)-pyroglutamic acid. After treatment with base, the corresponding N-heterocyclic carbenes were tested as organocatalysts in the asymmetric benzoin condensation and gave good yields and up to 95% ee.
Asymmetric dimerization of disubstituted ketenes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes
Lv, Hui,Zhang, Yan-Rong,Huang, Xue-Liang,Ye, Song
supporting information; experimental part, p. 2715 - 2718 (2009/10/20)
A series of chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), derived from L-pyrogutamic acid, were found to be efficient catalysts for the asymmetric dimerization of alkylarylketenes to give the corresponding α-quaternary β-alkylidenyl-β-lactones in good yields with up to 97% ee. A chiral NHC with a proximal hydroxy group is superior in comparison with the corresponding NHC with its hydroxy group protected.
(S)-Pyroglutamic acid, (S)-malic acid, and (S)-serine as useful starting materials in the synthesis of enantiopure hydroxyamidines
Ostendorf, Martin,Dijkink, Jan,Rutjes, Floris P. J. T.,Hiemstra, Henk
, p. 115 - 124 (2007/10/03)
The synthesis of four enantiopure hydroxyamidines is described. One amidine was obtained from (S)-pyroglutamic acid. Its key step involved the addition of phenylmagnesium bromide to the corresponding ester, affording the tertiary alcohol without detectabl
Asymmetric protonation of lithium enolate using 5-substituted pyrrolidin-2-one as a chiral proton source
Fujihara, Hidetaka,Tomioka, Kiyoshi
, p. 2377 - 2381 (2007/10/03)
Asymmetric protonation of the lithium enolate moiety of a 2-substituted α-tetralone (3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) was examined using 5-substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones as chiral proton sources. Among the three types of pyrrolidin-2-ones bearing either a
