98-79-3 Usage
Characteristics and Application
L-pyroglutamic acid is an amino acid that occurs naturally in the body. It is present in the brain, spinal fluid, skin and blood.pyroglutamic acid is one of the major components of natural moisturizing factor of the skin, its moisturizing ability is far stronger than glycerin and propylene glycol. Moreover, it is non-toxic, non-irritating, and is an excellent raw material for modern skin care, and hair care cosmetics. Pyroglutamic acid also has inhibitory effect on the tyrosine oxidase activity, and thus preventing "melanoidins" substance from being deposited in the skin, and having a whitening effect on the skin. It has a keratin softening effect which can be used in nail cosmetics.In addition to be applied in cosmetics, L-pyroglutamic acid derivatives can also have reaction with a number of other organic compounds for synthesis of derivatives. It also has some special effect on the surface activity and brilliant effect. Moreover, it can also be used as surfactants for detergents; as a chemical reagent, it can be used for the resolution of racemic amines; it can also be used as a kind of organic intermediates.
Pyroglutamic acid
Pyroglutamic acid is a kind of based 5-oxo-proline. It is produced by the dehydration and formation of intramolecular amide bond between the α-NH2 group and γ-hydroxy of glutamic acid; the molecule can also be produced from glutamine by losing its intramolecular amine group. The condition of glutathione synthetase deficiency can cause the anemia of pyroglutamic acid with a series of clinical symptoms. Pyroglutamic acid anemia is a kind of organic acid metabolic disorder disease caused by glutathione synthetase hyperlipidemia. Clinical manifestations: disease onset occurs within 12 to 24 hours of born with progressive hemolysis, jaundice, chronic metabolic acidosis, mental retardation; urine containing pyroglutamic acid, lactic acid, α-deoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl acetyl acid lactone. For treatment, based on the actual symptoms, pay attention to adjust the diet after yearling.
The above information is edited by the lookchem of Dai Xiongfeng.
Preparation
L-pyroglutamic acid is formed by removing one intramolecular water molecule in the L-glutamic acid; the preparation process is simple with the key step being the control of the temperature and dehydration time.
(1) Add100 g of L-glutamic acid into a 500-ml beaker; heat the beaker in an oil bath until the temperature was raised to 145~150 °C, incubate for 45 minutes to perform dehydration reaction. The dehydrated solution was brown.
(2) After the end of dehydration reaction, pour the solution into a volume of about 350 ml of boiling water with a solution of all further being dissolved in water. Cool to 40~50 °C, add appropriate amount of activated carbon for decolorization (repeated twice) to obtain a colorless transparent solution.
(3) directly heat and evaporate the colorless and transparent solution of the step (2) is a colorless and transparent solution for concentration to a half of the previous volume and then continue for concentration in a water bath to a volume of about 1/3 of the previous solution, and then stop heating; have it slightly cooled in the hot water bath for crystallization; the colorless prisms can be obtained after 10 to 20 hours.
The applied amount of L-pyroglutamic acid in cosmetics should depend on the formula. This product can also be applied to cosmetic in the form of 50% concentrated solution.
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 98-79-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is colorless crystals with the melting point being 162-163 °C; it is soluble in water, alcohol, acetone and acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, but insoluble in ether.
2. L-pyroglutamic acid has its scientific name being L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid. Precipitation from ethanol and petroleum ether mixture were colorless orthorhombic bipyramid crystals with the melting temperature being 162~163 °C. It is soluble in water, alcohol, acetone and acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, and insoluble in ether. Specific rotation-11.9 ° (c = 2, H2O). It is produced from 42% aqueous solution of glutamic acid which subjects to heating dehydration, concentration, crystallization, washing and drying to obtain L-pyroglutamic acid.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 98-79-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. L-Pyroglutamic acid is used in the synthesis of:Nonproteinogenic amino acids such as (3S,4R)-3,4-dimethyl-L-pyroglutamic acid and (3S,4R)-3,4-dimethyl-L-glutamine.Chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as catalysts for the asymmetric dimerization of alkylarylketenes to give the corresponding α-quaternary β-alkylidenyl-β-lactones.It is also used in the total synthesis of (?)-stemoamide and celogentin C.It can be used as a kind of intermediates of organic synthesis as well as food additives.It is used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries.
2. L-Pyroglutamic acid is an amino acid that is used in the synthesis of peptides. It has also been observed to convert when placed at the N-terminus in vivo to create IgG2 antibodies.
3. A building block for pharmaceuticals and asymmetric synthesis
4. In the resolution of racemic amines.
Production method
There are semi-synthetic methods, enzymatic conversion method and total synthesis method. Currently the major approach of industrial production is the semi-synthetic method with glutamic acid being the raw material. Have the 42% of glutamic acid solution heated at 140 °C for 3h to obtain the reaction solution with L-pyroglutamic acid being the major component. The reaction solution further undergoes concentration under reduced pressure, crystallization, washing, and drying to obtain the L-pyroglutamic acid with the conversion rate being 94%.
Definition
ChEBI: An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Purification Methods
Crystallise S-pyroglutamic acid by dissolving it in boiling EtOH (20g in 100mL), cooling and after a few minutes additing pet ether (b 40-60o, 120mL), then after 5 minutes adding a further 120mL, and coThis has m 155.5-157.5o and [] D -11.4o (c 4.4, H2O) [Hardy Synthesis 290 1978, Pellegata et al. Synthesis 614 1978]. The NH4 salt has m 184-186o (from EtOH). [Beilstein 22/6 V 7.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 98-79-3 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 9 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 98-79:
(4*9)+(3*8)+(2*7)+(1*9)=83
83 % 10 = 3
So 98-79-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H7NO3/c7-4-2-1-3(6-4)5(8)9/h3H,1-2H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-1/t3-/m0/s1
98-79-3Relevant articles and documents
Identification and characterization of γ-glutamylamine cyclotransferase, an enzyme responsible for γ-glutamyl-ε-lysine catabolism
Oakley, Aaron J.,Coggan, Marjorie,Board, Philip G.
, p. 9642 - 9648 (2010)
γ-Glutamylamine cyclotransferase (GGACT) is an enzyme that converts γ-glutamylamines to free amines and 5-oxoproline. GGACT shows high activity toward γ-glutamyl-ε-lysine, derived from the breakdown of fibrin and other proteins cross-linked by transglutaminases. The enzyme adopts the newly identified cyclotransferase fold, observed in γ- glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme with activity toward γ-glutamyl-α-amino acids (Oakley, A. J., Yamada, T., Liu, D., Coggan, M., Clark, A. G., and Board, P. G. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283, 22031-22042). Despite the absence of significant sequence identity, several residues are conserved in the active sites of GGCTand GGACT, including a putative catalytic acid/base residue (GGACT Glu82). The structure of GGACT in complex with the reaction product 5-oxoproline provides evidence for a commoncatalytic mechanism in both enzymes. The proposed mechanism, combined with the three-dimensional structures, also explains the different substrate specificities of these enzymes. Despite significant sequence divergence, there are at least three subfamilies in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that have conserved the GGCT fold and GGCT enzymatic activity.
Crystal structure and functional analysis of the glutaminyl cyclase from Xanthomonas campestris
Huang, Wei-Lin,Wang, Yu-Ruei,Ko, Tzu-Ping,Chia, Cho-Yun,Huang, Kai-Fa,Wang, Andrew H.-J.
, p. 374 - 388 (2010)
Glutaminyl cyclases (QCs) (EC 2.3.2.5) catalyze the formation of pyroglutamate (pGlu) at the N-terminus of many proteins and peptides, a critical step for the maturation of these bioactive molecules. Proteins having QC activity have been identified in animals and plants, but not in bacteria. Here, we report the first bacterial QC from the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris (Xc). The crystal structure of the enzyme was solved and refined to 1.44-A resolution. The structure shows a β-propeller and exhibits a scaffold similar to that of papaya QC (pQC), but with some sequence deletions and conformational changes. In contrast to the pQC structure, the active site of XcQC has a wider substrate-binding pocket, but its accessibility is modulated by a protruding loop acting as a flap. Enzyme activity analyses showed that the wild-type XcQC possesses only 3% QC activity compared to that of pQC. Superposition of those two structures revealed that an active-site glutamine residue in pQC is substituted by a glutamate (Glu45) in XcQC, although position 45 is a glutamine in most bacterial QC sequences. The E45Q mutation increased the QC activity by an order of magnitude, but the mutation E45A led to a drop in the enzyme activity, indicating the critical catalytic role of this residue. Further mutagenesis studies support the catalytic role of Glu89 as proposed previously and confirm the importance of several conserved amino acids around the substrate-binding pocket. XcQC was shown to be weakly resistant to guanidine hydrochloride, extreme pH, and heat denaturations, in contrast to the extremely high stability of pQC, despite their similar scaffold. On the basis of structure comparison, the low stability of XcQC may be attributed to the absence of both a disulfide linkage and some hydrogen bonds in the closure of β-propeller structure. These results significantly improve our understanding of the catalytic mechanism and extreme stability of type I QCs, which will be useful in further applications of QC enzymes.
A colorimetric assay method for measuring D-glutamate cyclase activity
Ariyoshi, Makoto,Hamase, Kenji,Homma, Hiroshi,Katane, Masumi,Matoba, Satoaki,Mita, Masashi,Miyamoto, Tetsuya,Motoda, Risa,Nakayama, Kazuki,Saitoh, Yasuaki,Sakai-Kato, Kumiko,Sekine, Masae,Tateishi, Shuhei
, (2020/07/31)
In mammals, metabolism of free D-glutamate is regulated by D-glutamate cyclase (DGLUCY), which reversibly converts D-glutamate to 5-oxo-D-proline and H2O. Metabolism of these D-amino acids by DGLUCY is thought to regulate cardiac function. In this study, we established a simple, accurate, and sensitive colorimetric assay method for measuring DGLUCY activity. To this end, we optimized experimental procedures for derivatizing 5-oxo-D-proline with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride. 5-Oxo-D-proline was derivatized with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide as a catalyst to generate the acid hydrazides, whose levels were then determined using a colorimetric method. Under optimized conditions, we examined the sensitivity and accuracy of the colorimetric method and compared our technique with other methods by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet–visible or fluorescence detection. Moreover, we assessed the suitability of this colorimetric method for measuring DGLUCY activity in biological samples. Our colorimetric method could determine DGLUCY activity with adequate validity and reliability. This method will help to elucidate the relationship among DGLUCY activity, the physiological and pathological roles of D-glutamate and 5-oxo-D-proline, and cardiac function.
Organocatalytic Decarboxylation of Amino Acids as a Route to Bio-based Amines and Amides
Claes, Laurens,Janssen, Michiel,De Vos, Dirk E.
, p. 4297 - 4306 (2019/08/26)
Amino acids obtained by fermentation or recovered from protein waste hydrolysates represent an excellent renewable resource for the production of bio-based chemicals. In an attempt to recycle both carbon and nitrogen, we report here on a chemocatalytic, metal-free approach for decarboxylation of amino acids, thereby providing a direct access to primary amines. In the presence of a carbonyl compound the amino acid is temporarily trapped into a Schiff base, from which the elimination of CO2 may proceed more easily. After evaluating different types of aldehydes and ketones on their activity at low catalyst loadings (≤5 mol%), isophorone was identified as powerful organocatalyst under mild conditions. After optimisation many amino acids with a neutral side chain were converted in 28–99 % yield in 2-propanol at 150 °C. When the reaction is performed in DMF, the amine is susceptible to N-formylation. This consecutive reaction is catalysed by the acidity of the amino acid reactant itself. In this way, many amino acids were efficiently transformed to the corresponding formamides in a one-pot catalytic system.
