2759-52-6

Upstream product

• 4023-34-1 cyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride 
• 62-53-3 aniline 
• 1759-53-1 cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 
• 574-45-8 N-(diphenylmethylidene)phenylamine 
• 4635-59-0 4-Chlorobutanoyl chloride 
• 10183-82-1 N-phenylfluorenimine 
• 10374-28-4 cyclopropanecarboxylic acid diethylamide 
• 3481-02-5 cyclopropyl phenyl ketone 
• 2868-37-3 methyl cyclopropylcarboxylate 
• 4606-07-9 ethyl cyclopropylcarboxylate 
• 100-61-8 N-methylaniline 
• 14371-97-2 N-methyl-N-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide 
• 6228-73-5 Cyclopropancarbamid 
• 5500-21-0 cyclopropropanecarbonitrile 

Downstream Products

• 4641-57-0 1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one 
• 926248-94-4 C₁₀H₁₀ClNO₃S 
• 14372-01-1 N-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide 
• 14372-25-9 N-allyl-N-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide 
• 14372-12-4 cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (4-nitrophenyl)amide 
• 23745-08-6 N-(2-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide 
• 14372-06-6 N-(4-bromophenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic amide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Preparation method of amide

The invention relates to a preparation method of an amide, wherein, under the action of oxygen, the isothiocyanate and the aldehyde can react to form an amide, and the reaction temperature can be effectively increased only when not less than 110 °C. This process is also suitable for the reaction of isocyanates with aldehydes to produce amides. The preparation method is cheap in raw material, wide in substrate application range and free of metal catalysts in the reaction process. The initiator or other activator is green and economical, and can effectively reduce the cost.

Photocatalyzed Triplet Sensitization of Oximes Using Visible Light Provides a Route to Nonclassical Beckmann Rearrangement Products

Oximes are valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of a variety of functional groups. To date, the stereoselective synthesis of oximes remains a major challenge, as most current synthetic methods either provide mixtures of E and Z isomers or furnish the thermodynamically preferred E isomer. Herein we report a mild and general method to achieve Z isomers of aryl oximes by photoisomerization of oximes via visible-light-mediated energy transfer (EnT) catalysis. Facile access to (Z)-oximes provides opportunities to achieve regio- and chemoselectivity complementary to those of widely used transformations employing oxime starting materials. We show an enhanced one-pot protocol for photocatalyzed oxime isomerization and subsequent Beckmann rearrangement that enables novel reactivity with alkyl groups migrating preferentially over aryl groups, reversing the regioselectivity of the traditional Beckmann reaction. Chemodivergent N- or O- cyclizations of alkenyl oximes are also demonstrated, leading to nitrones or cyclic oxime ethers, respectively.

Dehydrative Beckmann rearrangement and the following cascade reactions

The Beckmann rearrangement has been predominantly studied for the synthesis of amide and lactam. By strategically using the in situ generated Appel's salt or Mitsunobu's zwitterionic adduct as the dehydrating agent, a series of Beckmann rearrangement and following cascade reactions have been developed herein. The protocol allows the conversion of various ketoximes into amide, thioamide, tetrazole and imide products in modular procedures. The generality and tolerance of functionalities of this method have been demonstrated.

A practical and sustainable protocol for direct amidation of unactivated esters under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions

In this paper, a NaOtBu-mediated synthesis approach was developed for direct amidation of unactivated esters with amines under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions, affording a series of amides in good to excellent yields at room temperature. In particular, an environmentally friendly and practical workup procedure, which circumvents the use of organic solvents and chromatography in most cases, was disclosed. Moreover, the gram-scale production of representative products3a,3wand3auwas efficiently realized by applying operationally simple, sustainable and practical procedures. Furthermore, this approach was also applicable to the synthesis of valuable molecules such as moclobemide (a powerful antidepressant), benodanil and fenfuram (two commercial agricultural fungicides). These results demonstrate that this protocol has the potential to streamline amide synthesis in industry. Meanwhile, quantitative green metrics of all the target products were evaluated, implying that the present protocol is advantageous over the reported ones in terms of environmental friendliness and sustainability. Finally, additional experiments and computational calculations were carried out to elucidate the mechanistic insight of this transformation, and one plausible mechanism was provided on the basis of these results and the related literature reports.

Tungsten-Catalyzed Transamidation of Tertiary Alkyl Amides

Transamidation has recently emerged as a straightforward and convenient means to diversify amides. However, the kinetically and thermodynamically demanding transamidation of notoriously robust, fully alkyl-substituted tertiary amides still remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we describe a method for the activation of tertiary alkyl amides to streamline transamidation using simple tungsten(VI) chloride as a catalyst and chlorotrimethylsilane as an additive. The highly electrophilic and oxophilic tungsten catalyst enables the selective scission of a C-N bond of tertiary alkyl amides to effect transamidation of a myriad of structurally and electronically diverse tertiary alkyl amides and amines. Mechanistic study implies that the synergistic effect of the catalyst and the additive could pronouncedly induce the nucleophilic acyl substitution of tertiary alkyl amide with amine to realize transamidation.

Chromium-catalyzed ligand-free amidation of esters with anilines

Amides are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical chemistry because of the intriguing biological active properties. We report here the amidation of commercially available esters with anilines that was promoted by low-cost and air-stable chromium(III) pre-catalyst combined with magnesium, providing access to amides. This reaction occurs without the use of external ligands in a simple operation. Mechanistic studies indicate that a reactive aminated Cr species responsible for the amidation can be considered, which may be formed by reaction of low-valent Cr with aniline followed by reduction with hydrogen evolution.

Ethyl 2-Cyano-2-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) Acetate (ortho-NosylOXY)-Mediated Double Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes under Microwave Irradiation: A Mechanistic Perception

A method for Beckmann rearrangement using ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) acetate (o-NosylOXY) under microwave irradiation is reported. Ketoximes (19 examples) are converted to the corresponding amides/lactams with 69–97% yields in ～10 minutes without any Lewis acid or co-catalyst. This is an example of halogen-free organocatalytic Beckmann rearrangement. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based detailed mechanistic investigation suggest that o-NosylOXY acts as an initiator. Such initiators are reported before based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, we report here the HRMS signatures of two transient intermediates, the nitrilium ion and the nitrilium ion's dimeric species. Rigorous NMR-based investigation of the reaction mechanism is performed. Our results indicate that the reported Beckmann rearrangement proceeds via two consecutive rearrangements. (Figure presented.).

Copper-Catalyzed Radical N-Demethylation of Amides Using N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide as an Oxidant

An unprecedented N-demethylation of N-methyl amides has been developed by use of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as an oxidant with the aid of a copper catalyst. The conversion of amides to carbinolamines involves successive single-electron transfer, hydrogen-atom transfer, and hydrolysis, and is accompanied by formation of N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide. Carbinolamines spontaneously decompose to N-demethylated amides and formaldehyde, because of their inherent instability.

N-demethylation method for amide and application thereof

The invention discloses an N-demethylation method for amide and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: heating raw amide to 40-120 DEG C under the action of N-fluorodibenzenesulfonamide and a bivalent copper salt, and carrying out a reaction to obtain demethylated amide. The chemical structural formula of the raw amide is described in the specification; the chemical structural formula of the demethylated amide is described in the specification; and in the formulas, R1 is selected from aryl, alkyl and alkenyl groups, and R2 is selected from aryl, alkyl and alkenyl groups. With the method, N-demethylation of amide can be achieved; and the method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, easiness in operation, low cost and the like.

Chlorotropylium Promoted Conversions of Oximes to Amides and Nitriles

Chlorotropylium chloride as a catalyst for the transformations of oximes, ketones, and aldehydes to their corresponding amides and nitriles in excellent yields (up to 99 %) and in short reaction times (mostly 10–15 min). Oximes were electrophilically attacked on the hydroxyl oxygen by chlorotropylium. The produced tropylium oxime ethers were the key intermediates, of which the ketoxime ether led to amide through Beckmann rearrangement, and the aldoxime ether led to nitrile by nitrogen base DBU assisted formal dehydration. This chlorotropylium activation protocol offered general, mild, and efficient avenues bifurcately from oximes to both amides and nitriles by one organocatalyst.