2890-61-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
FARNESOID X RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND USES THEREOF
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Paragraph 00481; 00483, (2020/04/25)
Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.
σ-Bond Hydroboration of Cyclopropanes
Arifin,Itami, Kenichiro,Kato, Hiroki,Kobayashi, Chisa,Kondo, Hiroki,Matsushita, Kaoru,Miyamura, Shin,Yamaguchi, Junichiro,Yokogawa, Daisuke
supporting information, p. 11306 - 11313 (2020/07/13)
Hydroboration of alkenes is a classical reaction in organic synthesis in which alkenes react with boranes to give alkylboranes with subsequent oxidation resulting in alcohols. The double bond (π-bond) of alkenes can be readily reacted with boranes owing to its high reactivity. However, the single bond (σ-bond) of alkanes has never been reacted. To pursue the development of σ-bond cleavage, we selected cyclopropanes as model substrates since they present a relatively weak σ-bond. Herein, we describe an iridium-catalyzed hydroboration of cyclopropanes, resulting in β-methyl alkylboronates. These unusually branched boronates can be derivatized by oxidation or cross-coupling chemistry, accessing "designer"products that are desired by practitioners of natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations and theoretical studies revealed the enabling role of the catalyst.
Metal-Free Photoinduced Hydroalkylation Cascade Enabled by an Electron-Donor-Acceptor Complex
Correia, José Tiago M.,Piva Da Silva, Gustavo,Kisukuri, Camila M.,André, Elias,Pires, Bruno,Carneiro, Pablo S.,Paixa?, Márcio W.
, p. 9820 - 9834 (2020/09/03)
A metal- A nd photocatalyst-free photoinduced radical cascade hydroalkylation of 1,7-enynes has been disclosed. The process is triggered by a single electron transfer (SET) event involving a photoexcited electron-donor-acceptor complex between an NHPI ester and a Hantzsch ester, which decomposes to afford a tertiary radical that is readily trapped by the enyne. The method provides an operationally simple, robust, and step-economical approach toward the construction of diversely functionalized dihydroquinolinones bearing quaternary centers. A sequential one-pot hydroalkylation-isomerization approach is also offered, giving access to a family of quinolinones. A wide substrate scope and high functional group tolerance were observed in both approaches.
Optimization of Acetazolamide-Based Scaffold as Potent Inhibitors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Kaur, Jatinder,Cao, Xufeng,Abutaleb, Nader S.,Elkashif, Ahmed,Graboski, Amanda L.,Krabill, Aaron D.,Abdelkhalek, Ahmed Hassan,An, Weiwei,Bhardwaj, Atul,Seleem, Mohamed N.,Flaherty, Daniel P.
, p. 9540 - 9562 (2020/10/19)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are the second leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) attributed to a drug-resistant bacterium in the United States, and resistance to the frontline treatments is well documented. To combat VRE, we have repurposed the FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase drug acetazolamide to design potent antienterococcal agents. Through structure-activity relationship optimization we have arrived at two leads possessing improved potency against clinical VRE strains from MIC = 2 μg/mL (acetazolamide) to MIC = 0.007 μg/mL (22) and 1 μg/mL (26). Physicochemical properties were modified to design leads that have either high oral bioavailability to treat systemic infections or low intestinal permeability to treat VRE infections in the gastrointestinal tract. Our data suggest the intracellular targets for the molecules are putative α-carbonic and γ-carbonic anhydrases, and homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Together, this study presents potential anti-VRE therapeutic options to provide alternatives for problematic VRE infections.
2-Amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1 H-pyrazole-Directed PdII Catalysis: Arylation of Unactivated β-C(sp3)-H Bonds
Yang, Jinyue,Fu, Xiaopan,Tang, Shibiao,Deng, Kezuan,Zhang, Lili,Yang, Xianjin,Ji, Yafei
, p. 10221 - 10236 (2019/08/20)
Palladium-catalyzed arylation of unactivated β-C(sp3)-H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives with aryl iodides is described for the first time using 2-amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1H-pyrazole as an efficient and readily removable directing group. Two fluoro groups are installed at the 5- and 6-position of the anilino moiety in 2-aminophenyl-1H-pyrazole, clearly enhancing the directing ability of the auxiliary. In addition, the protocol employs Cu(OAc)2/Ag3PO4 (1.2/0.3) as additives, evidently reducing the stoichiometric amount of expensive silver salts. Furthermore, this process exhibits high β-site selectivity, compatibility with diverse substrates containing α-hydrogen atoms, and excellent functional group tolerance.
Fenhexamid and analysis method thereof
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Paragraph 0053; 0061-0062; 0070; 0077, (2018/11/03)
The invention discloses fenhexamid and an analysis method thereof. The fenhexamid is prepared from aniline, hydrochloric acid, sodium nitrite solution, 2,3-dichlorophenol, sodium hydroxide, water, ethyl alcohol, sodium hydrosulfite, 1-methyl cyclohexanoic acid, methylene dichloride, N,N-dimethyl formamide, thionyl chloride, ethyl acetate and triethylamine. The fenhexamid content reaches 98% or above, and yield reaches 86-87%; in a fenhexamid analysis process, sodium hydrosulfite adopted for azo reduction for generating 2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxylaniline is high in reducibility and quick in weak alkaline reduction reaction, and the conversion rate reaches 98% or above by cross input of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulfite; pH is kept in a range of 6-7 by acid reflux after adding of sodium hydrosulfite. Fenhexamid production conditions are mild, and easiness in operation, high safety, high total yield, low cost and suitableness for large-scale production and application to enterprises are realized.
Palladium-catalyzed C(carbonyl)-C bond cleavage of amides: a facile access to phenylcarbamate derivatives with alcohols
Yan, Xufei,Sun, Huihui,Xiang, Haifeng,Yu, Da-Gang,Luo, Daibing,Zhou, Xiangge
supporting information, p. 8606 - 8609 (2018/08/06)
A sulfur-containing auxiliary enabled palladium-catalyzed C(carbonyl)-C bond activation of amides was reported to form phenylcarbamate derivatives with alcohols. Both alkyl and benzyl alcohols could be employed well with yields up to 85%. Derivations from phenylcarbamates to ureas and thiocarbamates illustrated the potential applications of this sequential C-C cleavage/C-O coupling reaction.
Domino Pd0-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Arylation/Electrocyclic Reactions via Benzazetidine Intermediates
Rocaboy, Ronan,Dailler, David,Zellweger, Florian,Neuburger, Markus,Salomé, Christophe,Clot, Eric,Baudoin, Olivier
supporting information, p. 12131 - 12135 (2018/09/11)
The Pd0-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation of 2-bromo-N-methylanilides leads to unstable benzazetidine intermediates that rearrange to benzoxazines through 4π electrocyclic ring-opening and 6π electrocyclization. The introduction of a bulky, non-activatable amide group on the nitrogen atom was key to favor the challenging reductive elimination step and disfavor undesired reaction pathways.
Nickel-Catalyzed oxidative coupling of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds in aliphatic amides with terminal alkynes
Luo, Fei-Xian,Cao, Zhi-Chao,Zhao, Hong-Wei,Wang, Ding,Zhang, Yun-Fei,Xu, Xing,Shi, Zhang-Jie
supporting information, p. 18 - 21 (2017/04/04)
In this work, we demonstrated Ni-catalyzed oxidative coupling of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds with terminal alkynes for construction of C(sp3)-C(sp) bonds to synthesize alkyl-substituted internal alkynes. Different amides exhibited good compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted to account for this alkynylation.
A General Approach to Quaternary Center Construction from Couplings of Unactivated Alkenes and Acyl Xanthates
Jenkins, Ernest N.,Czaplyski, William L.,Alexanian, Erik J.
supporting information, p. 2350 - 2353 (2017/05/12)
A general, radical-mediated approach to quaternary center construction using unactivated alkenes as coupling partners is reported. In this strategy, acyl xanthates, readily accessed from carboxylic acids, serve as precursors to tertiary radicals. This strategy leverages the unique reactivity of xanthates to participate in efficient radical-mediated additions to unactivated alkenes, expanding the scope of quaternary center construction.
