2914-27-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Dipole-Stabilized Carbanions in the Gas Phase
Bartmess, John E.,Caldwell, Gary,Rozeboom, Melvin D.
, p. 340 - 344 (1983)
The energetics, structures, and reactivities of several dipole-stabilized carbanions from formamides, aldehydes, and formamidines have been examined by ICR mass spectrometry and by MNDO calculations.Experimentally in the amides, only one of the alkyl groups on nitrogen appears to be deprotonate, but a stereochemical assignment cannot be made.The order of acidity is aldehyde > amide > ester based on the MO calculations, indicating that the external dipole moment of these carbon acids is not a good measure of acidity.The acidities folow the inductive ordering, based on ?I constants.
SILVER-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF AMIDES FROM AMINES AND ALDEHYDES
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Page/Page column 11, (2011/08/08)
The invention provides a method for producing amides via the reaction of aldehydes and amines with oxygen adsorbed on a metallic silver or silver alloy catalyst. An exemplary reaction is shown in Scheme 1 : (I), (II), (III)
Highly selective acylation of dimethylamine mediated by oxygen atoms on metallic gold surfaces
Xu, Bingjun,Zhou, Ling,Madix, Robert J.,Friend, Cynthia M.
body text, p. 394 - 398 (2010/04/02)
"Chemical Equation Presented" Completely coupled: The acylation of dimethylamine through coupling to formaldehyde occurs with almost 100 % selectivity at low coverage of adsorbed O atoms on metallic gold and with a low activation energy. Oxygen creates an active intermediate (CH3) 2N(a), which attacks the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde (see picture). A general mechanistic framework for efficient and selective acylation of amines promoted by Au is established.
Amine attack on the carbonyl ligands of the protonated dicyclopentadienyl-bridged diruthenium complex [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe 2)2}Ru2(CO)4(μ-H)]+
Ovchinnikov, Maxim V.,Guzei, Ilia A.,Angelici, Robert J.
, p. 691 - 696 (2008/10/08)
Complexes [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe 2)2}Ru2(CO)4(μ-H)]+ (1H+BF4-, 1D+TfO-), with a protonated Ru-Ru bond, were prepared by protonation of {(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe 2)2}Ru2(CO)4 (1) with HBF4·Et2O or CF3SO3D. The bridging proton in 1H+ is removed only very slowly by amine bases even though it is thermodynamically acidic (pKaAN = 6.5 (±0.2)). This remarkable kinetic inertness of the bridging proton allows amines (NH3, NH2CH3, NH(CH3)2, morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine) to react with 1H+ by attacking the CO ligand to give a formamide (HC(=O)NR2) and the CO-substituted product {(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe 2)2}Ru2(CO)3(NHR2) (2). Thus, protonation of the metal-metal bond in 1H+ promotes reactions of the CO ligand that are not possible in the unprotonated 1. A proposed mechanism for these reactions is supported by kinetic studies of the reaction of 1D+TfO- with morpholine in nitromethane at 20.0 °C, as well as by deuterium-labeling experiments. The molecular structure of {(η5-C5H3)2-(SiMe 2)2}Ru2(CO)3(NH2CH 3) (2f), as determined by an X-ray diffraction investigation, is also presented.
