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• 108-30-5 succinic acid anhydride 
• 55750-48-6 N-methoxycarbonylmaleimide 
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• 767-00-0 4-cyanophenol 
• 56-81-5 glycerol 
• 25529-27-5 Z-Lys(Z)-OPfp 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and evaluation of heterocyclic analogues of bromoxynil

One attractive strategy to discover more active and/or crop-selective herbicides is to make structural changes to currently registered compounds. This strategy is especially appealing for those compounds with limited herbicide resistance and whose chemistry is accompanied with transgenic tools to enable herbicide tolerance in crop plants. Bromoxynil is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor registered for control of broadleaf weeds in several agronomic and specialty crops. Recently at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville several analogues of bromoxynil were synthesized including a previously synthesized pyridine (2,6-dibromo-5-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonitrile sodium salt), a novel pyrimidine (4,6-dibromo-5-hydroxypyrimidine-2-carbonitrile sodium salt), and a novel pyridine N-oxide (2,6-dibromo-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-carbonitrile). These new analogues of bromoxynil were also evaluated for their herbicidal activity on soybean (Glycine max), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose) when applied at 0.28 kg ha-1. A second study was conducted on a glyphosate-resistant weed (Amaranthus palmeri) with the compounds being applied at 0.56 kg ha -1. Although all compounds were believed to inhibit PSII by binding in the quinone binding pocket of D1, the pyridine and pyridine-N-oxide analogues were clearly more potent than bromoxynil on Amaranthus retroflexus. However, application of the pyrimidine herbicide resulted in the least injury to all species tested. These variations in efficacy were investigated using molecular docking simulations, which indicate that the pyridine analogue may form a stronger hydrogen bond in the pocket of the D1 protein than the original bromoxynil. A pyridine analogue was able to control the glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri with >80% efficacy. The pyridine analogues of bromoxynil showed potential to have a different weed control spectrum compared to bromoxynil. A pyridine analogue of bromoxynil synthesized in this research controlled several weed species greater than bromoxynil itself, potentially due to enhanced binding within the PSII binding pocket. Future research should compare this analogue to bromoxynil using optimized formulations at higher application rates.

PROSTATE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE ANTIGEN (PSMA) TARGETED NANOPARTICLES FOR THERAPY OF PROSTATE CANCER

The invention provides a nanoparticle composition that is decorated with a urea-based small-molecule peptidomimetic inhibitor of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is expressed by almost all solid tumors. This strategy takes advantage of both the avidity of the functionalized nanoparticle for binding to PSMA and the ability of the nanoparticle to be retained for longer periods of time in the tumor due to enhanced leakage via EPR into the tumor interstitium and poor clearance due to underdeveloped or non-existent lymphatics within the tumor.

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED POLYCATION POLYMER FOR SIRNA DELIVERY

The present invention provides a unique non-viral carrier for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo, and methods of using thereof.

Method for preparing polymer maleimides

Methods for preparing polymeric reagents bearing a maleimide are provided. Also provided are compositions comprising the polymeric reagents, and conjugates prepared by polymeric reagents obtained by the described methods.

FLAVONOID DIMERS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SUCH

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. The best characterized resistance mechanism is the one mediated by the over- expression of drug efflux transporters, permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp), which pump a variety of anticancer drugs out of the cells, resulting in lowered intracellular drug accumulation. A series of flavonoid dimers are developed in this invention, which are linked together by linker groups of various lengths. These flavonoid dimers are found to be efficient P-gp modulators that increase cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in vitro and dramatically enhance their intracellular drug accumulation. It is found that the flavonoid dimers of this invention is also useful in reducing drug resistance in treating parasitic diseases.

Conjugates of the hydrophilic polymer and the molecules from boxwood extraction, and pharmaceutical compositions of the conjugates

The present invention relates to a group of conjugates of the hydrophilic polymers and the molecules from boxwood extraction. PEGylation process or the process alike was used to generate the conjugates, which have increased water solubility and prolonged the circulation half-life in the body.

Catalyst and Method for Production of Polyols by Hydrogenolysis of Carbohydrates

A catalyst and method for the hydrogenolysis of carbohydrates is disclosed. The catalyst comprises nickel metal on an alumina-silica support. Optionally, the catalyst may be promoted with noble metals selected from the group consisting of copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, gold, silver, and combinations thereof. The method involves reacting hydrogen gas with a carbohydrate in a polar solvent in the presence of a fixed bed of catalyst.

DENTRITIC POLYMERS, CROSSLINKED GELS, AND THEIR USES IN ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATIONS

The present invention provides compositions, kits, and methods for repairing cartilaginous tissue. Certain methods of the invention utilize dendritic macromolecules formed by treating a dendritic compound with light or a linking compound. In certain instances, the dendritic compounds have a lysine, cysteine, isocysteine residue or other nucleophilic group attached to their peripheries. Addition of a compound containing two or more electrophilic groups, such as aldehydes, activated esters, or acrylates, to the lysine-capped, cysteine-capped, or isocysteine-capped dendrimers produces a polymeric compound that can repair a cartilage defect.

Targeted hydrophilic polymer, binders with interferon and medical composite comprising above binders

The present invention relates to an active targeted water-solubility macromolecule polymer, conjugate With interferon and pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate. The targeted agent includes, for example, glucose, galatose and the like, as well as their derivates. The conjugate of the present invention is well in water-solubility and havc long physiological cycle half-life period, and have specific recognition to pathology organize, improved and increased medication effect of interferon to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C etc. infectivity sickness and cancer, infect complication etc.

Polyoxyalkylene substituted and bridged triazine, benzotriazole and benzophenone derivatives as UV absorbers

Triazine, benzotriazole and benzophenone derivatives which are substituted or bridged with polyoxyalkylene groups, according to claim1,and their use as UV absorbers, especially in photographic materials, in inks, including inkjet inks and printing inks, in transfer prints, in paints and varnishes, organic polymeric materials, plastics, rubber, glass, packaging materials, in sunscreens of cosmetic preparations and in skin protection compositions.