300355-05-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Electroreductive Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism
Zhang, Wen,Lin, Song
supporting information, p. 20661 - 20670 (2020/12/23)
Electrochemistry grants direct access to reactive intermediates (radicals and ions) in a controlled fashion toward selective organic transformations. This feature has been demonstrated in a variety of alkene functionalization reactions, most of which proceed via an anodic oxidation pathway. In this report, we further expand the scope of electrochemistry to the reductive functionalization of alkenes. In particular, the strategic choice of reagents and reaction conditions enabled a radical-polar crossover pathway wherein two distinct electrophiles can be added across an alkene in a highly chemo- and regioselective fashion. Specifically, we used this strategy in the intermolecular carboformylation, anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation, and carbocarboxylation of alkenes - reactions with rare precedents in the literature - by means of the electroreductive generation of alkyl radical and carbanion intermediates. These reactions employ readily available starting materials (alkyl halides, alkenes, etc.) and simple, transition-metal-free conditions and display broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups. A uniform protocol can be used to achieve all three transformations by simply altering the reaction medium. This development provides a new avenue for constructing Csp3-Csp3 bonds.
Discovery, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of glucokinase activator (2 R)-3-cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-N- thiazol-2-yl-propionamide (RO0281675)
Haynes, Nancy-Ellen,Corbett, Wendy L.,Bizzarro, Fred T.,Guertin, Kevin R.,Hilliard, Darryl W.,Holland, George W.,Kester, Robert F.,Mahaney, Paige E.,Qi, Lida,Spence, Cheryl L.,Tengi, John,Dvorozniak, Mark T.,Railkar, Aruna,Matschinsky, Franz M.,Grippo, Joseph F.,Grimsby, Joseph,Sarabu, Ramakanth
supporting information; experimental part, p. 3618 - 3625 (2010/07/05)
Glucokinase (GK) is a glucose sensor that couples glucose metabolism to insulin release. The important role of GK in maintaining glucose homeostasis is illustrated in patients with GK mutations. In this publication, identification of the hit molecule 1 and its SAR development, which led to the discovery of potent allosteric GK activators 9a and 21a, is described. Compound 21a (RO0281675) was used to validate the clinical relevance of targeting GK to treat type 2 diabetes.
