16188-55-9

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Synthesis:
4-Methylthiophenylacetic acid is used as a building block for the synthesis of various organic compounds, particularly those with potential applications in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials science industries. Its unique structure allows for further functionalization and modification, making it a versatile starting material for the development of new molecules with specific properties and functions.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
4-Methylthiophenylacetic acid is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, where its specific structural features can be exploited to design and develop new drugs with improved efficacy and selectivity. The compound's reactivity and functional groups can be utilized to create novel drug candidates that target specific biological pathways or receptors.
Used in Agrochemical Industry:
In the agrochemical industry, 4-Methylthiophenylacetic acid is used as a precursor for the development of new pesticides, herbicides, and other crop protection agents. Its unique chemical structure can be tailored to target specific pests or weeds, potentially leading to more effective and environmentally friendly solutions for agricultural challenges.
Used in Materials Science:
4-Methylthiophenylacetic acid can be used as a component in the development of advanced materials, such as polymers, coatings, and adhesives. Its chemical properties, including its reactivity and functional groups, can be leveraged to create materials with specific properties, such as improved durability, adhesion, or resistance to environmental factors.

InChI:InChI=1/C9H10OS/c1-7-2-4-8(5-3-7)6-9(10)11/h2-5H,6H2,1H3,(H,10,11)

Synthetic route

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-oxoacetic acid (53066-99-2) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-oxoacetic acid With sodium iodide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With chloro-trimethyl-silane In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;	91%
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-oxoacetic acid With sodium hydroxide; hydrazine In water at 75℃; for 120h; Wolff-Kishner Reduction; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water pH=1.5;

2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]acetonitrile (38746-92-8) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]acetonitrile With potassium hydroxide; water for 8h; Reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride; water at 20℃;	82%
With sodium hydroxide In ethylene glycol; ethyl acetate
With sulfuric acid; water for 1h; Reflux;

4-chlorophenylacetic Acid (1878-66-6) + sodium thiomethoxide (5188-07-8) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
With copper(I) bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 130℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	79.3%

sodium thiomethoxide (5188-07-8) + 2-(4-bromophenyl)-acetic acid (1878-68-8) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
With copper(I) bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 130℃; Inert atmosphere;	76.1%

4-(Methylthio)acetophenone (1778-09-2) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
With morpholine; sulfur for 20h; Heating;	53%
Stage #1: 4-(Methylthio)acetophenone With morpholine; sulfur at 130℃; for 48h; Willgerodt reaction; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide; water at 130℃; for 24h; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In water

(4-iodophenyl)acetic acid (1798-06-7) + cuprous methylmercaptide (4856-13-7) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
With quinoline at 200℃;

morpholine (110-91-8) + 4-(Methylthio)acetophenone (1778-09-2) + sulfur → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
Erhitzen des Reaktionsgemisches mit wss. HCl;

1-<4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl>-ethanone-(1) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
With morpholine; sulfur Erhitzen des Reaktionsgemisches mit wss. Salzsaeure;

methyl-phenyl-thioether (100-68-5) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 90 percent / AlCl3 / CHCl3 / 0 - 5 °C 2: 53 percent / S8, Morpholin / 20 h / Heating View Scheme

methanol (67-56-1) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester (70290-37-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 50℃; for 16h;	100%
With thionyl chloride at 0 - 20℃; for 48h;	100%
With sulfuric acid for 19h; Heating / reflux;	98%
With sulfuric acid In benzene at 0 - 80℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere;	83.1%
With hydrogenchloride

2-(phenyl)pyrrolidine (1006-64-0) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-(2-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethan-1-one

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 14h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester (70290-37-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid In methanol	98%
With sulfuric acid In methanol	98%
With sulfuric acid In methanol	92%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester (70290-37-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With sodium hydrogencarbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.25h; Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 24h;	97%
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With sodium hydrogencarbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 0.25h; Stage #2: methyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 24h;	97%

ethanol (64-17-5) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → ethyl 4-methylthiophenylacetate (14062-27-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid for 8h; Heating;	96%
With sulfuric acid for 8h; Heating / reflux;	96%
With sulfuric acid	79%

N-hydroxyphthalimide (524-38-9) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → 1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetate

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	96%
With dmap; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h;	72%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → 2-[4-(methylmercapto)phenyl]-1-ethanol (81227-89-6)

Conditions	Yield
With borane In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 5h;	94%
With sodium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; methanol; diethyl ether	84.4%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine*hydrochloride (6638-79-5) + 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (530-62-1) → N-methoxy-N-methyl-4-(methylthio)benzeneacetamide

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane	93%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine*hydrochloride (6638-79-5) → N-methoxy-N-methyl-4-(methylthio)benzeneacetamide

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With 1,1'-Carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazole) In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine*hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃;	93%

aqueous sodium chloride + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + (1R,2R)-pseudoephedrine (321-97-1) + pivaloyl chloride (3282-30-2) → N-[2(R)-hydroxy-1(R)-methyl-2(R)-phenyl-ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-acetamide (436141-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran; water; toluene	92.6%

4-amino-3-(4-methylthiobenzyl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → C19H18N4S3 (1144110-74-6)

Conditions	Yield
With trichlorophosphate for 8h; Heating;	91%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + monomethyl auristatin E → C48H75N5O8S

Conditions	Yield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; N-[(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl-methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate In dimethyl sulfoxide for 1h;	90%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → (4-methylthiophenyl)acetic acid hydrazide (1257393-74-0)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol for 8h; Reflux;	86%
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Acidic conditions 2: hydrazine hydrate / ethanol / 8 h / Reflux View Scheme

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + dibenzylamine (103-49-1) → N,N-dibenzyl-2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetamide

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 14h; Inert atmosphere;	86%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenol → 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetate

Conditions	Yield
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 12h; Sealed tube;	86%

di-tert-butyl-diazodicarboxylate (870-50-8) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → di-tert-butyl 1-(4-(methylthio)benzyl)hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate

Conditions	Yield
With iron(III) sulfate; bis[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Irradiation;	86%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanone → 5-ethyl-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With potassium hydroxide In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25 - 30℃; Stage #2: 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanone In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25 - 30℃;	83%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → 2-(4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)acetic acid (118362-28-0)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium periodate In methanol; water at 0 - 20℃; for 2h;	82%
With perchloric acid; dihydrogen peroxide In ethanol; water at 25℃; Rate constant;
With sodium periodate In ethanol at 25℃; Rate constant;
With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid at 25℃; Rate constant; also in the presence α-cyclodextrin; pH 1.6;

Benzylidenemalononitrile (2700-22-3) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → 2-(2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-phenylethyl)malononitrile

Conditions	Yield
With iron(III) sulfate; bis[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Irradiation;	81%

2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical (2564-83-2, 45842-10-2) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + diazomethyl-trimethyl-silane (18107-18-1) → methyl 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxy)acetate

Conditions

Yield

Stage #1: 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With N4,N4,N7,N7-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-4,7-diamine; iron(II) acetate In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 24h; Molecular sieve; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: diazomethyl-trimethyl-silane With methanol In tetrahydrofuran; hexane for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With acetic acid In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; ethyl acetate chemoselective reaction;

81%

phthalic anhydride (85-44-9) + 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) → (Z)-3-(4-methylsulfanylbenzylidene)isobenzofuran-1-one

Conditions	Yield
With sodium acetate In benzene at 230 - 240℃;	80%
With sodium acetate Heating;	65%
With sodium acetate Heating;
With sodium acetate In toluene at 210 - 245℃; Inert atmosphere;
With sodium acetate In toluene at 210 - 245℃; Dean-Stark; Inert atmosphere;

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + 2-bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-1-one (881-43-6) → 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one + 5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; for 6h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Temperatures; Reagents; substrate/reagent ratios, inert/O2 atmosphere;	A 16% B 79%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + 2-bromo-1-phenylbutan-1-one (877-35-0) → 5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-3-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-2-furanone (503174-32-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With potassium hydroxide In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25 - 30℃; Stage #2: 2-bromo-1-phenylbutan-1-one In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25 - 30℃;	77%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + 5-[O-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxymethyl]-5-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane (1400872-56-1) → 5-[O-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxymethyl]-5-{N-[(4-methylthiobenzyl)carboximido]}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane (1400872-58-3)

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	76%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (95-01-2) → 3-(4-methylthiophenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid; 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde With sodium acetate; acetic anhydride at 160℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With lithium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; methanol; water for 3h;	74.2%

2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid (16188-55-9) + (1R,2R)-pseudoephedrine (321-97-1) + pivaloyl chloride (3282-30-2) → N-[2(R)-hydroxy-1(R)-methyl-2(R)-phenyl-ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-acetamide (436141-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)acetic acid With potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at 25 - 26℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: pivaloyl chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -10 - -5℃; for 1h; Stage #3: (1R,2R)-pseudoephedrine at -10 - 0℃; for 3.25h;	73.1%

Upstream product

• 1778-09-2 4-(Methylthio)acetophenone 
• 1798-06-7 (4-iodophenyl)acetic acid 
• 4856-13-7 cuprous methylmercaptide 
• 38746-92-8 2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]acetonitrile 
• 1878-66-6 4-chlorophenylacetic Acid 
• 5188-07-8 sodium thiomethoxide 
• 1878-68-8 2-(4-bromophenyl)-acetic acid 
• 512-56-1 trimethyl phosphite 
• 39161-84-7 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid 
• 100-68-5 methyl-phenyl-thioether 
• 53066-99-2 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-oxoacetic acid 
• 110-91-8 morpholine 

Downstream Products

• 70290-37-8 (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester 
• 14062-27-2 ethyl 4-methylthiophenylacetate 
• 118362-28-0 2-(4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)acetic acid 
• 118362-13-3 C₁₆H₁₇NO₄S₂ 
• 115854-18-7 3-dimethylamino-2-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-propenal 
• 20101-45-5 α--p-nitro-trans-zimtsaeure 
• 81227-89-6 2-[4-(methylmercapto)phenyl]-1-ethanol 
• 177561-06-7 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methylthiophenyl)ethanone 
• 87776-65-6 C₁₆H₁₆⁽²⁾H₂O₃S₂ 
• 34252-97-6 1,3-Bis<(4-methylsulfanyl)phenyl>propan-2-on 
• 34232-37-6 1,3-Bis<(4-methansulfonyl)phenyl>propan-2-on 
• 20101-51-3 cis-4-Methylmercapto-4'-nitro-stilben 
• 20101-50-2 trans-4-Methylmercapto-4'-nitro-stilben 
• 90536-66-6 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenylacetic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Crystal structure of [4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]acetic acid

The title compound, C9H10O2S, (I), crystallizes in the triclinic space group, P - 1, with unit cell parameters a = 6.2249(3), b = 7.3733(5), c = 19.5708(12), A, α = 86.746(5)°, β = 88.682(5)°, γ = 86.988(5)°, Z = 4. The molecule consists of a methyl sulfanyl group bonded to benzyl acetic acid at the 4 position crystallizing with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The carboxylic acid group from the acetic acid moiety in these two molecules forms a classic O-H???O hydrogen bonded dimer with O???O distances of 2.673(2) and 2.646(2) A, in a R22 (8) graph-set motif which link the molecules into pairs around inversion centers in the unit cell. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the R2 2 (8) graph-set motif with the mean planes of the two nearby benzyl groups within the same dimer in the unit cell are 64.1(6)° and 71.3(4)°, respectively. Within the same dimer the dihedral angle between the two benzyl groups is 45.2(1)°. The structure is supported by a weak intermolecular C-H???Cg π-ring interaction and gives support to molecular packing stability in the unit cell. Comparison to a MOPAC AM1 computational calculation provides support to these observations.

A Mild Heteroatom (O -, N -, and S -) Methylation Protocol Using Trimethyl Phosphate (TMP)-Ca(OH) 2Combination

A mild heteroatom methylation protocol using trimethyl phosphate (TMP)-Ca(OH)2combination has been developed, which proceeds in DMF, or water, or under neat conditions, at 80 °C or at room temperature. A series of O-, N-, and S-nucleophiles, including phenols, sulfonamides, N-heterocycles, such as 9H-carbazole, indole derivatives, and 1,8-naphthalimide, and aryl/alkyl thiols, are suitable substrates for this protocol. The high efficiency, operational simplicity, scalability, cost-efficiency, and environmentally friendly nature of this protocol make it an attractive alternative to the conventional base-promoted heteroatom methylation procedures.

Chlorotrimethylsilane and Sodium Iodide: A Useful Combination for the Regioselective Deoxygenation of Arylalkyl-α-Diketones

An efficient regioselective deoxygenation of arylalkyl-1,2-diketones by the couple trimethylsilylchloride/sodium iodide has been reported. In all cases, the deoxygenation takes place on the carbonyl group (Cα=O) proximal to the aromatic ring in methylene chloride at room temperature in good yields, furnishing a series of variously functionalized alkylbenzylketones. A large range of functional groups were well tolerated on the ortho-, meta- and para-positions by this mild process regardless of their electronic effects, demonstrating the general character of the present methodology. The trimethylsilylchloride/sodium iodide reducing process was also successfully applied to reduce α-ketoacid and α-ketoester substrates. (Figure presented.).

Preparation method of 4-methylthio phenylacetic acid

The invention provides a preparation method of 4-methylthio phenylacetic acid. According to the preparation method, p-halogenated phenylacetic acid and phenylacetic acid derivatives thereof are taken as the primary raw materials. The preparation method is characterized in that p-halogenated phenylacetic acid and phenylacetic acid derivatives thereof and sodium methyl mercaptide carry out catalytic reactions in the presence of cuprous ions and DMF, and 4-methylthio phenylacetic acid is obtained after the post treatment. The Willgerodt-kindler reactions will generate hydrogen sulfide, which is pollutant to the environment, the provided method does not have Willgerodt-kindler reactions, and thus the environmental pollution is avoided. Moreover, the operation is simple, and the method is environment-friendly and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new triazolothiadiazoles bearing 4-methylthiobenzyl moiety

A series of substituted triazolothiadiazoles (6a-j and 7a-j) have been synthesized by condensing 4-amino-3-[4-methylthiobenzyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol (5) with substituted aryl furoic acids/aromatic acids in the presence of POCl3. The triazole (5) was obtained by the fusion of 4-methylthiophenyl acetic acid (4) with thiocarbohydrazide. The structures of newly synthesized compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic studies and were screened for their antimicrobial activities. The preliminary results revealed that some of the compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activities.

Exalted resonance demands in the substituent effects on the acetolyses of 2-arylethyl trifluoromethanesulfonates destabilized by cn and cf3 groups

Substituent effects on the acetolysis rates of 2-aryl-l-cyano-l- (trifluoromethyl)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonates (α-OTf) and 2-aryl-2-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonates (ss-OTf) were investigated by using LArSR equation. The obtained p and r+ values were p = -3.28, r+ = 0.98 and p = -3.48,r+ = 0.93 for the acetolysis of α-OTf and ss-OΥi, respectively. The obtained p values are comparable to those for typical aryl-assisted solvolyses, but the r+ values are much larger. The large r+ values suggest that the ester bond cleavages in the deactivated aryl-assisted solvolyses are assisted by the strong participation of the ss-aryl group.

PROCESS FOR MAKING 2-ARYL-3-ARYL-5-HALO PYRIDINES USEFUL AS COX-2 INHIBITORS

The invention encompasses a process for making compounds of Formula (I) useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases.

Sulfonamides and uses

Sulfonamides of formula I, in which the symbols R1 -R6, X, Y and n have the significance given in the description and which are in part novel compounds, and salts thereof, which can be used as active ingredients for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment of circulatory disorders, especially hypertension, ischemia, vasospasms and angina pectoris, are described.

SYNTHESE UND UV/VIS-SPEKTROSKOPISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN SOLVATOCHROMER UND HALOCHROMER METHANSULFONYL-SUBSTITUIERTER PYRIDINIUM-N-PHENOLAT-BETAINFARBSTOFFE

Synthese und UV/Vis-spektroskopische Eigenschaften der negativ solvatochromen, methansulfonyl-substituierten Betainfarbstoffe Ic-Ie werden beschrieben.Die lineare Korrelation zwischen den ET-Werten des wasserloeslichen Betains Ic und den ET(30)-Werten des Standardbetains Ia erlaubt eine Erweiterung der empirischen ET(30)-Polaritaetsskala auf waessrige Elektrolytloesungen.Die Betaine Ic-Ie weisen eine negative Halochromie (Halo-Solvatochromie) auf.Eine neue Definition der Halochromie (Halo-Solvatochromie) wird gegeben.