3105-55-3

Usage

Biochem/physiol Actions

Maleic acid is a component of cosmetics, fragrances and has industrial applications. It is also a potent nephrotoxin and is implicated to induce glycosuria, aminoaciduria and Fanconi syndrome.

InChI:InChI=1/C4H4O4.Na/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8;/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8);/q;+1/p-2/b2-1-;

Upstream product

• 108-31-6 maleic anhydride 
• 110-16-7 maleic acid 

Downstream Products

• 3972-46-1 n-Butylthiobernsteinsaeureanhydrid 
• 3972-47-2 2-(n-Pentylthio)-bernsteinsaeure 
• 100613-26-1 (3-Phenyl-propylmercapto)-bernsteinsaeure 
• 104177-65-3 <4-Methyl-cyclohexyl-mercapto>-bernsteinsaeure 
• 22119-10-4 2-(benzylthio)succinic acid 
• 34128-01-3 trisodium 2-[(carboxymethyl)oxy]succinate 
• 150-90-3 sodium succinate 
• 17013-01-3 fumaric acid disodium salt 
• 138-09-0 disodium L-malate 
• 93-97-0 benzoic acid anhydride 
• 65-85-0 benzoic acid 
• 52470-38-9 manganese(II) maleate 
• 40618-18-6 disodium epoxysuccinate 
• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Features of the Thermolysis of Li, Na, and Cd Maleates

Abstract: Processes of the multi-stage decomposition of maleic acid and Li, Na, and Cd maleates in an inert atmosphere are studied via thermal analysis with synchronous analysis of the composition of the released gases. Reaction mechanisms are proposed according to the data on the mass loss stages determined via thermal analysis, gaseous products, and the final solid decomposition products. It is shown that when heated to 700°C, Li and Na carbonates incorporated into the porous carbon matrix are the final products. Above 350°C, cadmium is reduced from oxide to metal and evaporates to form a porous carbon residue as the only product of thermolysis. All carbon products are X-ray amorphous. Maleic acid decomposes completely into gaseous products in the range of 133–239°C. The maleate ion is more stable in the structure of lithium maleate than in free maleic acid, and Na and Cd cations reduce its stability.

Study of corrosion and scale inhibition of polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative

Polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative was synthesized from L-cysteine and polyepoxysuccinic acid a condensation polymer formed by cyclization and polymerization with maleic anhydride. The structure of polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative was characterized by means of FTIR and 13C NMR. The scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition performances of polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative were studied. Scale inhibition and corrosion mechanisms were analyzed by means of SEM. The scale inhibition rate of polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative can reach 98.9 % under Ca2+ 400 mg L-1, HCO3- 800 mg L-1, polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative 8 mg L-1. Polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative is better than polyepoxysuccinic acid in corrosion inhibition performance and the corrosion inhibition rate can reach 65.14 % at 40 °C in dynamic experiment. SEM showed that the calcium carbonate crystal lattice was distorted completely from calcite to vaterite by using polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative. The surface of the test piece has dense protective adsorption film layer when it was immersed in solution with polyepoxysuccinic acid derivative.

Chemical process

There is disclosed herein improved processes for the preparation of ether carboxylates by reacting in an alkaline reaction medium the salts of maleic acid and a carboxylic or polycarboxylic acid having a reactive hydroxyl group on a non-carbonyl carbon atom in the presence of a calcium ion catalyst wherein unreacted acid salts are recovered from the reaction medium by lowering the pH of the reaction medium to a range of from about 4 to about 6. The precipitated salts are recycled to the synthesis reaction to prepare additional amounts of product.

A New Method for Obtaining Isotopic Fractionation Data at Multiple Sites in Rapidly Exchanging Systems

A new method for rapidly and conveniently obtaining isotopic fractionation factors in dilute aqueous solutions of compounds containing rapidly exchanging OH, NH, and SH groups is described.Shifts in the positions of NMR peaks for spectroscopically observable nuclei induced by isotopic substitution are the basis of this procedure which has the unique capability of separately measuring the isotopic exchange constants simultaneously for several different groups in the same molecule.The results for a series of alcohols, amines, thiols, phenols, acids, and amides with use of 13C NMR spectroscopy are reported.Atypically low values of Kfrac are observed in several cases, indicating that there are strong internal hydrogen bonds in competition with those to water, yielding conformational information.