3198-49-0Relevant articles and documents
Bio-based Surfactants
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, (2022/03/31)
Bio-based surfactants have great opportunity for use in a variety of applications such as laundry detergents, industrial cleaners, adjuvants, and oil and gas. Surfactants in these applications can be nonionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. Utilizing high oleic soybean oil as a platform chemical, a variety of surfactants and properties can be produced. While early work focused solely on surfactant use in laundry cleaning and fracking, recent work has expanded functional groups and application evaluations in hard surface cleaning. The current invention expands on Battelle's high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) surfactant technology. Use of HOSO overcomes the limitations of regular soybean oil and significantly reduces or eliminates undesirable byproducts in most chemistries. However, with use of select reagents, a few candidates were achievable with regular epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The HOSO surfactant platform offers several key advantages including: a highly water miscible (not typical of C18 surfactants) and water stable surfactant; ability to adjust and vary hydrophilic-lipophilic (HLB) values for stain removal performance; and increased biodegradability without toxic or persistent by-products.
Applications of Shoda's reagent (DMC) and analogues for activation of the anomeric centre of unprotected carbohydrates
Fairbanks, Antony J.
, (2020/12/07)
2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC, herein also referred to as Shoda's reagent) and its derivatives are useful for numerous synthetic transformations in which the anomeric centre of unprotected reducing sugars is selectively activated in aqueous solution. As such unprotected sugars can undergo anomeric substitution with a range of added nucleophiles, providing highly efficient routes to a range of glycosides and glycoconjugates without the need for traditional protecting group manipulations. This mini-review summarizes the development of DMC and some of its derivatives/analogues, and highlights recent applications for protecting group-free synthesis.
Design of Ordered Mesoporous Sulfonic Acid Functionalized ZrO2/organosilica Bifunctional Catalysts for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Glucose to Ethyl Levulinate
Song, Daiyu,Zhang, Qingqing,Sun, Yingnan,Zhang, Panpan,Guo, Yi-Hang,Hu, Jiang-Lei
, p. 4967 - 4979 (2018/10/02)
Ordered mesoporous sulfonic acid functionalized ZrO2/organosilica catalysts (SO42?/ZrO2-PMO-SO3H) bearing tunable Br?nsted, and Lewis acid site distributions were prepared by a P123-directed sol-gel co-condensation route followed by ClSO3H functionalization. As-prepared catalysts were applied in the conversion of glucose to ethyl levulinate in ethanol medium. The SO42?/ZrO2-PMO-SO3H-catalyzed target reaction followed a glucose-ethyl glucoside-ethyl fructoside-5-ethoxymethylfurfural-ethyl levulinate pathway dominated by the synergistic effect of the super strong Br?nsted acidity, and moderate Lewis acidity of the catalysts. Additionally, by combining the advantages of the considerably high Br?nsted (696 μeq g?1), Lewis acid site density (703 μeq g?1), optimal Br?nsted/Lewis molar ratio (0.99), and excellent porosity properties, the SO42?/ZrO2-PMO-SO3H1.0 obtained at an initial Si/Zr molar ratio of 1.0 exhibited the highest ethyl levulinate yield (42.3 %) among the various tested catalysts. Moreover, the SO42?/ZrO2-PMO-SO3H can be reused three times without obvious changes in activity, morphology, and chemical structure.
