35216-08-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Polysulfide Anions as Visible Light Photoredox Catalysts for Aryl Cross-Couplings
Li, Haoyu,Tang, Xinxin,Pang, Jia Hao,Wu, Xiangyang,Yeow, Edwin K. L.,Wu, Jie,Chiba, Shunsuke
supporting information, p. 481 - 487 (2021/01/13)
Polysulfide anions are endowed with unique redox properties, attracting considerable attentions for their applications in alkali metals-sulfur batteries. However, the employment of these anionic species in redox catalysis for small molecule synthesis remains underdeveloped due to their moderate-poor electrochemical potential in the ground state, whereas some of them are characterized by photoabsorptions in visible spectral regions. Herein, we disclose the use of polysulfide anions as visible light photoredox catalysts for aryl cross-coupling reactions. The reaction design enables single-electron reduction of aryl halides upon the photoexcitation of tetrasulfide dianions (S42-). The resulting aryl radicals are engaged in (hetero)biaryl cross-coupling, borylation, and hydrogenation in a redox catalytic regime involving S4?-/S42- and S3?-/S32- redox couples.
UiO-66 microcrystals catalyzed direct arylation of enol acetates and heteroarenes with aryl diazonium salts in water
Sun, Zhong-Hua,Chen, Wang,Qian, Bing-Bing,Wang, Liang,Yu, Binxun,Chen, Qun,He, Ming-Yang,Zhang, Zhi-Hui
, (2020/01/25)
UiO-66 is a classic Metal–organic framework (MOF) that constructed by zirconium cations and terephthalate with high chemical and thermal stability. Using pristine UiO-66 nanocrystals as the catalysts, the carbon–carbon bond formation based on denitrogenat
Air- And moisture-stable Xantphos-ligated palladium dialkyl complex as a precatalyst for cross-coupling reactions
Takahashi, Rina,Kubota, Koji,Ito, Hajime
supporting information, p. 407 - 410 (2020/01/13)
Although xantphos has been employed in a variety of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, there has been little progress in developing Xantphos-ligated precatalysts. In this report, we describe a Xantphos-ligated palladium dialkyl complex that acts as a powerful precatalyst for C-N, C-S, and C-C cross-coupling reactions. This precatalyst is air- and moisture stable but can be thermally activated in the absence of external reagents. Additionally, potential catalyst inhibitors are not generated during the precatalyst activation. This complex thus represents a convenient alternative to previously reported classes of Xantphos-ligated precatalysts.
Perylenequinonoid-catalyzed photoredox activation for the direct arylation of (het)arenes with sunlight
Zhang, Shiwei,Tang, Zhaocheng,Bao, Wenhao,Li, Jia,Guo, Baodang,Huang, Shuping,Zhang, Yan,Rao, Yijian
supporting information, p. 4364 - 4369 (2019/05/10)
Naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments (PQPs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent properties of photosensitization. They have been widely investigated as an aspect of photophysics and photobiology. However, their applications in photocatalysis are yet to be explored. We report here that sunlight along with 1 mol% cercosporin, which is one of the perylenequinonoid pigments, catalyzes the direct C-H bond arylation of (het)arenes by a photoredox process with good regioselectivity and broad functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction with great conversions of substrates was achieved even by a cercosporin-containing supernatant without organic solvent extraction and purification after liquid fermentation. Thus we set up a bridge between microbial fermentation and organic photocatalysis for chemical reactions in a sustainable, environmentally friendly manner.
Molecular Design of Donor-Acceptor-Type Organic Photocatalysts for Metal-free Aromatic C?C Bond Formations under Visible Light
Wang, Lei,Byun, Jeehye,Li, Run,Huang, Wei,Zhang, Kai A. I.
, p. 4312 - 4318 (2018/10/02)
Metal-free and photocatalytic radical-mediated aromatic C?C bond formations offer a promising alternative pathway to the conventional transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, the formation of aryl radicals from common precursors such as aryl halides is highly challenging due to their extremely high reductive potential. Here, we report a structural design strategy of donor-acceptor-type organic photocatalysts for visible light-driven C?C bond formations through the reductive dehalogenation of aryl halides. The reduction potential of the photocatalysts could be systematically aligned to be ?2.04 V vs. SCE via a simple heteroatom engineering of the donor-acceptor moieties. The high reductive potential of the molecular photocatalyst could reduce various aryl halides into aryl radicals to form the C?C bond with heteroarenes. The designability of the molecular photocatalyst further allowed the synthesis of a high LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) polymer photocatalyst by a self-initiated free radical polymerization without compromising its LUMO level. (Figure presented.).
Insights into the Catalytic Activity of [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] (NHC=IPr, IPrCl, IPrBr) Complexes in the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction
Izquierdo, Frédéric,Zinser, Caroline,Minenkov, Yury,Cordes, David B.,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Cavallo, Luigi,Nahra, Fady,Cazin, Catherine S. J.,Nolan, Steven P.
, p. 601 - 611 (2017/12/26)
The influence of C4,5-halogenation on palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction were investigated. Two [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] complexes bearing IPrCl and IPrBr ligands (IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; cin=cinnamyl) were synthesized. After determining the electronic and steric properties of these ligands, their properties were compared to those of [Pd(IPr) (cin)Cl]. The three palladium complexes were studied by using DFT calculations to delineate their behavior in the activation step leading to the putative 12-electron active catalyst. Experimentally, their catalytic activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction involving a wide range of coupling partners (30 entries) at low catalyst loading was studied.
C-H arylation reactions through aniline activation catalysed by a PANI-g-C3N4-TiO2 composite under visible light in aqueous medium
Wang, Liang,Shen, Jun,Yang, Sen,Liu, Wenjie,Chen, Qun,He, Mingyang
supporting information, p. 1290 - 1296 (2018/03/26)
A PANI (polyaniline)-g-C3N4-TiO2 composite was prepared and found to be efficient for radical C-H arylation reactions. The arylation process involved coupling of in situ generated aryl diazonium salts from aniline with heteroarenes, enol acetates or benzoquinones under visible light in aqueous medium or pure water. A broad range of substrates survived the reaction conditions to provide the desired products in moderate to good yields. Scale-up (10 mmol) synthesis was also achieved. This semiconductor photocatalyst showed good photocatalytic performance and stability. Recycle studies showed that this composite could be readily recovered and a slight decrease in the catalytic activity was observed after ten consecutive runs.
Polyaniline-Induced Arylation with Arenediazonium Salts Derived from Anilines
Hata, Dai,Moriuchi, Toshiyuki,Hirao, Toshikazu,Amaya, Toru
supporting information, p. 7703 - 7709 (2017/06/06)
A catalytic amount of a reduced form of polyaniline (a redox-active π-conjugated polymer) was found to induce C?H direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with arenediazonium salts prepared from anilines with methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3H) and tert-butyl nitrite (tBuONO). The difficult part of this method is the coexistence of an oxidant and a reductant in this sequential diazotization and arylation system; diazotization requires weak oxidants such as alkyl nitrites, whereas the arylation is induced by a reductant. This was achieved by the careful control of the amount of tBuONO (1.0 equivalent) for the diazotization step, and sequential arylation using 5 mol % of the polyaniline. The reaction took place under mild conditions without any metals or strong bases at room temperature, and the amino group is a formal leaving group. The scope of the substrates demonstrates the versatility in the combination of anilines with a variety of functional groups and several (hetero)arenes. Two-directional arylation for the synthesis of an unsymmetrical 1,4-diarylated (furyl and pyrrolyl groups) benzene was achieved, using mono-Boc-protected 1,4-phenylenediamine as a substrate. This shows potential for the synthesis of more complicated oligoarene compounds.
Visible-Light-Promoted Arylation Reactions Photocatalyzed by Bismuth(III) Oxide
Buglioni, Laura,Riente, Paola,Palomares, Emilio,Pericàs, Miquel A.
supporting information, p. 6986 - 6990 (2017/12/26)
Bismuth(III) oxide has been successfully applied as a photocatalyst in the arylation of heteroarenes with diazonium salts. With a low catalyst loading (1 to 5 mol-%), this cheap and nontoxic semiconductor could efficiently promote the formation of the aryl radical under visible light irradiation. The arylated products are obtained in moderate to good yields, and the process admits straightforward scale-up (10 mmol; 1 mol-% Bi2O3). In two cases, the diazonium salt was generated in situ and used in the photocatalytic arylation in a tandem manner. Besides heteroarenes, Bi2O3 also catalyzed the arylation of differently substituted alkenes and alkynes, thus representing a viable and practical alternative to the more commonly used ruthenium complexes and organic dyes.
Wavelength Selective Generation of Aryl Radicals and Aryl Cations for Metal-Free Photoarylations
Crespi, Stefano,Protti, Stefano,Fagnoni, Maurizio
, p. 9612 - 9619 (2016/11/02)
Photochemical reactions have become an important tool for organic chemists. Visible (solar) light can be conveniently adopted, however, only when using colored organic compounds or in photocatalyzed processes induced by visible light absorbing photocatalysts. Herein we demonstrate that a photolabile, colored moiety could be incorporated in a colorless organic compound with the aim of generating highly reactive intermediates upon exposure to visible (solar) light. Arylazo sulfones, colored thermally stable derivatives of aryl diazonium salts, were used as valuable substrates for the photoinduced metal-free synthesis of (hetero)biaryls with no need of a (photo)catalyst or of other additives to promote the reaction. Noteworthy, selective generation of aryl radicals and aryl cations can be attained at will by varying the irradiation conditions (visible light for the former and UVA light for the latter).
