361336-80-3Relevant articles and documents
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of non-covalent AmpC β-lactamases inhibitors
Genovese, Filippo,Lazzari, Sandra,Venturi, Ettore,Costantino, Luca,Blazquez, Jesus,Ibacache-Quiroga, Claudia,Costi, Maria Paola,Tondi, Donatella
, p. 975 - 986 (2017/04/14)
Abstract: Bacterial resistance represents a worldwide emergency threatening the efficacy of all available antibiotics. Among the several resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria, β-lactamase enzymes?(BLs), which are able to inactivate most β-lactam core antibiotics, represent a key target to block, thus prolonging antibiotics half-life. Several approaches aimed at inhibiting β-lactamases have been so far undertaken, mainly involving β-lactam-like or covalent inhibitors. Applying a structure-based de novo design approach, we recently discovered a novel, non-covalent and competitive inhibitor of AmpC β-lactamase:?lead 1. It has a Ki of 1 μM, a ligand efficiency of 0.38 kcal mol?1 and lead-like physical properties. Moreover, it reverts resistance to ceftazidime in bacterial pathogens expressing AmpC and does not up-regulate β-lactamases expression in cell culture. Its features make it a good candidate for chemical optimization: starting from lead 1 crystallographic complex with AmpC, 11 analogs were designed to complement additional AmpC sites, then synthesized and tested against clinically resistant pathogens. While the new inhibitors maintain similar in vitro activity as the starting lead, some of them, in biological assays, extert a higher potency showing improved synergic activity with ceftazidime in resistant clinically isolated strains. Graphical Abstract: [InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.].
Synthesis and crystal structures of substituted benzenes and benzoquinones as tissue factor VIIa inhibitors
Parlow, John J.,Stevens, Anna M.,Stegeman, Roderick A.,Stallings, William C.,Kurumbail, Ravi G.,South, Michael S.
, p. 4297 - 4312 (2007/10/03)
Several multistep syntheses of substituted benzenes are reported. The benzene analogues were designed such that their substitution pattern would occupy and interact with the S1, S2, and S3 pockets of the tissue Factor VIIa enzyme. A variety of chemical transformations including nucleophilic additions, reductive aminations, Stille couplings, and polymer-assisted solution-phase (PASP) techniques were used to prepare key intermediates and final products. The initial analogues identified some weakly active compounds which ultimately led to a 340 nM (IC50) tissue Factor VIIa inhibitor with selectivity over other related enzymes. The structure-activity relationship of these inhibitors and the synthetic progression from the discovery of the lead compound to the development of potent analogues will be discussed. The X-ray crystal structures of fluorobenzene 50c and benzoquinone 54 inhibitors complexed with the TF/VIIa enzyme will also be described.