36684-65-8Relevant articles and documents
Direct Synthesis of Indoles from Azoarenes and Ketones with Bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron Using 4,4′-Bipyridyl as an Organocatalyst
Misal Castro, Luis C.,Sultan, Ibrahim,Nishi, Kohei,Tsurugi, Hayato,Mashima, Kazushi
, p. 3287 - 3299 (2021/03/01)
Multifunctionalized indole derivatives were prepared by reducing azoarenes in the presence of ketones and bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron (B2nep2) with a catalytic amount of 4,4′-bipyridyl under neutral reaction conditions, where 4,4′-bipyridyl acted as an organocatalyst to activate the B-B bond of B2nep2 and form N,N′-diboryl-1,2-diarylhydrazines as key intermediates. Further reaction of N,N′-diboryl-1,2-diarylhydrazines with ketones afforded N-vinyl-1,2-diarylhydrazines, which rearranged to the corresponding indoles via the Fischer indole mechanism. This organocatalytic system was applied to diverse alkyl cyclic ketones, dialkyl, and alkyl/aryl ketones, including heteroatoms. Methyl alkyl ketones gave the corresponding 2-methyl-3-substituted indoles in a regioselective manner. This protocol allowed us to expand the preparation of indoles having high compatibility with not only electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups but also N- and O-protecting functional groups.
Annulation of Indoles with 1,n-Dibromoalkanes by a Pd(II)-Catalyzed and Norbornene-Mediated Reaction Cascade
Bach, Thorsten,Henkel, Michael
, p. 1231 - 1238 (2020/04/15)
Employing 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane, and 1,5-dibromopentane as biselectrophiles, the annulation of indoles was probed in the presence of PdCl 2 (MeCN) 2 as a catalyst and norbornene as a transpositional ligand. Ring formation to a five-membered ring was observed at positions C2 and N, while annulation of a six-membered ring occurred at positions C2 and C3. The latter cascade process was successfully applied to the direct synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles from indoles (11 examples, 31-68% yield). Seven-membered-ring annulation was feasible by an initial coupling at positon C2 followed by alkylation at C3.
SBA-15-Pr-SO3H catalyzed one-pot synthesis of indole derivatives via Fischer indole pathway
Ghiyasabadi, Zahra,Bahadorikhalili, Saeed,Saeedi, Mina,Karimi-Niyazagheh, Mona,Mirfazli, Seyedeh Sara
supporting information, p. 606 - 610 (2020/01/03)
In this work, an efficient, user-friendly, and simple procedure was reported for the preparation of indole derivatives catalyzed by the heterogeneous SBA-15-Pr-SO3H via Fischer indole pathway. The title compounds were synthesized from various arylhydrazines and ketones in the presence of 3 mol% of the catalyst in the refluxing ethanol.