36710-35-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent and promotor in the Paal-Knorr synthesis of N-substituted diaryl pyrroles
Schirmacher, Robert H.E.,R?sch, Daniel,Thomas, Franziska
, (2021/02/20)
An additive-free synthesis of challenging N-substituted aryl pyrroles from the often poorly soluble corresponding 1,4-diketones by means of the Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis is reported, which makes use of the unique properties of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent and reaction promotor. Our procedure offers simple execution and purification as well as easy scale-up and can be applied in the Paal-Knorr synthesis of a large number of structurally diverse pyrroles including the synthetically challenging tetra- and penta-substituted pyrroles in moderate to excellent yields. HFIP can also be used as solvent in the Paal-Knorr synthesis of furans and thiophenes; however, the solvent effect is more pronounced in synthesis of pyrroles.
Synthesis, biological characterisation and structure activity relationships of aromatic bisamidines active against Plasmodium falciparum
Sauer,Skinner-Adams,Bouchut,Chua,Pierrot,Erdmann,Robaa,Schmidt,Khalife,Andrews,Sippl
, p. 22 - 40 (2016/12/30)
Malaria is one of the most significant tropical diseases and remains a major challenge due to the lack of a broadly effective vaccine and parasite resistance to current drugs. This means there is a need for new drug candidates with novel modes of action.
Polyaniline-Induced Arylation with Arenediazonium Salts Derived from Anilines
Hata, Dai,Moriuchi, Toshiyuki,Hirao, Toshikazu,Amaya, Toru
supporting information, p. 7703 - 7709 (2017/06/06)
A catalytic amount of a reduced form of polyaniline (a redox-active π-conjugated polymer) was found to induce C?H direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with arenediazonium salts prepared from anilines with methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3H) and tert-butyl nitrite (tBuONO). The difficult part of this method is the coexistence of an oxidant and a reductant in this sequential diazotization and arylation system; diazotization requires weak oxidants such as alkyl nitrites, whereas the arylation is induced by a reductant. This was achieved by the careful control of the amount of tBuONO (1.0 equivalent) for the diazotization step, and sequential arylation using 5 mol % of the polyaniline. The reaction took place under mild conditions without any metals or strong bases at room temperature, and the amino group is a formal leaving group. The scope of the substrates demonstrates the versatility in the combination of anilines with a variety of functional groups and several (hetero)arenes. Two-directional arylation for the synthesis of an unsymmetrical 1,4-diarylated (furyl and pyrrolyl groups) benzene was achieved, using mono-Boc-protected 1,4-phenylenediamine as a substrate. This shows potential for the synthesis of more complicated oligoarene compounds.
Polyaniline-Induced C-H Arylation of Arenes with Arenediazonium Salts
Amaya, Toru,Hata, Dai,Moriuchi, Toshiyuki,Hirao, Toshikazu
, p. 16427 - 16433 (2015/11/10)
A reduced form of polyaniline has been shown to induce direct arylation of an arenediazonium salt with an arene (Gomberg-Bachmann reaction) to give the cross-coupling product in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Various arenediazonium salts and arenes, including heteroarenes such as furans, thiophenes, and pyrroles, are employed for the reaction. The most favorable combination of substrates is an electron-poor arenediazonium salt with an electron-rich heteroarene. Investigation of the mechanism by reactions with radical scavengers and experiments on kinetic isotope effects indicated the occurrence of a radical chain reaction initiated by one-electron reduction of an arenediazonium salt by the polyaniline. Only 1 mol % (based on aniline tetramer) of the polyaniline is required for the cross-coupling reaction to occur. This reaction proceeds under metal-free conditions and with no need for photonic activation.
Gold-catalyzed formation of C-O and C-C bonds: An efficient domino reaction synthesis of functionalized furans
Guo, Pengfeng
, p. 58 - 60 (2015/05/13)
An efficient gold-catalyzed domino reaction for the synthesis of furan derivatives from haloalkynes has been described. This transformation has provided a new route for the formation of C-O and C-C bonds that prepare functionalized furans.
Woollins reagent: A chemoselective reducing agent for 1,4-enediones and 1,4-ynediones to saturated 1,4-diones
Mandal, Madhumita,Chatterjee, Sourav,Jaisankar, Parasuraman
supporting information, p. 2615 - 2618,4 (2012/12/12)
Woollins reagent was found to act as a highly chemoselective reagent for the reduction of a wide range of 1,4-enediones and 1,4-ynediones in methanol to afford the corresponding saturated 1,4-diketones in good yields under mild reaction conditions.
Copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted furans and thiophenes from haloalkynes or 1,3-diynes
Jiang, Huanfeng,Zeng, Wei,Li, Yibiao,Wu, Wanqing,Huang, Liangbing,Fu, Wei
experimental part, p. 5179 - 5183 (2012/07/03)
A regioselective synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted furans using copper(I) catalyst from haloalkynes in a one-pot procedure has been reported. This chemistry proceeds through the hydration reaction of 1,3-diynes, which can be readily prepared from the coupling reaction of haloalkynes in the presence of CuI. The procedure also can be used for the facile synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted thiophenes.
An efficient procedure for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles in an ionic liquid
He, Yan-Hong,Wang, Gang-Qiang,Xu, Ke-Ling,Guan, Zhi
scheme or table, p. 191 - 196 (2011/05/07)
The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [bmim]HSO4, was used as a catalyst and reaction medium for the pyrrole synthesis, and a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic and carboxylic 1,4-diketones easily underwent condensations with aniline and ethylenediamine to form polysubstituted pyrroles. Sequential decarboxylation/Paal-Knorr pyrrole condensation was observed, which provides a new and facile approach to monoester pyrroles from 1,4-diketo-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters.
N-substituted pyrrole synthesis by Paal-Knorr condensation using recyclable cationic exchange resin in water
He, Yan-Hong,Wang, Gang-Qiang,Guan, Zhi
experimental part, p. 486 - 489 (2010/06/19)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Cationic exchange resin has been utilized for the first time as a novel and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles from variety of 1,4-diketones and aniline. This simple synthesis has been accomplished with excellent yields. The recovered catalyst can be reused for subsequent runs with only a gradual decrease in activity.
Ionic liquid as catalyst and reaction medium: A Simple and Efficient Procedure for Paal-Knorr furan synthesis
Wang, Gangqiang,Guan, Zhi,Tang, Rongchang,He, Yanhong
experimental part, p. 370 - 377 (2010/04/04)
The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [bmim]HSO4, efficiently catalyzes Paal-Knorr furan synthesis without any organic solvent. A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic 1,4-diketones easily undergo condensations to form furan derivatives, providing a general and convenient procedure. The Paal-Knorr reaction of ester-substituted 1,4-diketones is first reported. The ionic liquid can be recovered and reused for subsequent runs without any appreciable loss of efficiency.
