37903-93-8Relevant articles and documents
Identification of organophosphorus simulants for the development of next-generation detection technologies
Ellaby, Rebecca J.,Clark, Ewan R.,Allen, Nyasha,Taylor, Faith R.,Ng, Kendrick K. L.,Dimitrovski, Milan,Chu, Dominique F.,Mulvihill, Daniel P.,Hiscock, Jennifer R.
, p. 2008 - 2014 (2021)
Organophosphorus (OP) chemical warfare agents (CWAs) represent an ongoing threat but the understandable widespread prohibition of their use places limitations on the development of technologies to counter the effects of any OP CWA release. Herein, we describe new, accessible methods for the identification of appropriate molecular simulants to mimic the hydrogen bond accepting capacity of the PO moiety, common to every member of this class of CWAs. Using the predictive methodologies developed herein, we have identified OP CWA hydrogen bond acceptor simulants for soman and sarin. It is hoped that the effective use of these physical property specific simulants will aid future countermeasure developments.
Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions at Carbon, Phosphorus and Sulphur Centres: Reaction of Aryl Methanesulphonates with Ethoxide; Change in Mechanism with Change in Leaving Group
Pregel, Marko J.,Buncel, Erwin
, p. 307 - 311 (2007/10/02)
The reactions of ethoxide ion with aryl methanesulphonate esters (1a-c) in anhydrous ethanol at 25 deg C have been investigated in order to determine the effect of leaving group nucleofugality on the balance between substitution and elimination pathways.The reactions of p-nitrophenyl-(1a), m-nitrophenyl-(1b) and p-trifluoromethylphenyl-(1c) methanesulphonates have been examined by means of kinetic studies, sulphene trapping experiments, and deuterium exchange experiments.It is concluded that the para-nitro-substituted ester reacts predominantly by an E1cb-type elimination mechanism via a sulphene intermediate, with nucleophilic substitution as a minor concurrent pathway.Conversely, the meta-nitro-substituted ester reacts predominantly by substitution, with elimination as a minor concurrent pathway.The evidence available indicates that the para-trifluoromethyl-substituted ester reacts solely by substitution.Thus, the mechanism of reaction changes from nucleophilic substitution to elimination-addition as leaving group nucleofugality increases.