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Usage

Uses

Used in Environmental Testing and Research:
2-Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is used as a standard reference compound for environmental testing and research purposes. It helps in understanding the formation of dibenzofurans and dibenzodioxins, which are toxic byproducts generated from waste incinerators and other industrial processes. The study of 2-CDDO aids in developing methods to reduce the emission of these harmful substances and monitor their presence in the environment.
Used in Analytical Chemistry:
In analytical chemistry, 2-Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is employed as a calibration standard for the development and validation of analytical methods. It is particularly useful in the quantification and identification of dioxin-like compounds in environmental and biological samples, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained from these analyses.
Used in Toxicology Studies:
2-Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is also utilized in toxicology research to study the effects of dioxin-like compounds on living organisms. This helps in understanding the mechanisms of toxicity, potential health risks, and the development of strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of these pollutants.
Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
Although 2-Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin itself is not used for therapeutic purposes, its structural similarities to other dioxin-like compounds make it a valuable tool in pharmaceutical research. It can be used to study the interactions of these compounds with biological targets, potentially leading to the development of new drugs or therapies for various diseases.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H7ClO2/c13-8-5-6-11-12(7-8)15-10-4-2-1-3-9(10)14-11/h1-7H

Upstream product

• 262-12-4 dioxin 
• 29446-15-9 2,3-dichloro-dibenzo[1,4]dioxine 
• 33857-26-0 2,7-dichloro-dibenzo[1,4]dioxine 

Downstream Products

• 262-12-4 dioxin 
• 17054-75-0 dibenzo<1,4>dioxin-2-carboxylic acid 
• 131167-12-9 2,3,7-tribromo-8-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Photochemical rearrangement of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Regioselective carbon-oxygen bond homolysis from the singlet excited state, and carbon-chlorine bond homolysis from the triplet excited state

UV light irradiation of 1-chloro-, 2-chloro-, 1,2-dichloro-, 2,3-dichloro-, and 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in methanol leads to regioselective homolysis of carbon-oxygen bond from the singlet excited state to undergo rearrangement into chlorinated 2,2′-biphenols. On the contrary, reaction from the triplet excited state of chlorinated dioxins results in selective formation of dechlorinated congeners without altering the dioxin skeleton. Copyright

Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry

Correlations between products of incomplete combustion (PIC), e.g., chloroaromatic compounds, can be used to characterise the emissions from combustion processes, like municipal or hazardous waste incineration. A possible application of such relationships may be the on-line real-time monitoring of a characteristic surrogate, e.g., with Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS). In this paper, we report the relationships of homologues and individual congeners of chlorinated benzenes (PCBz), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and phenols (PCPh) to the International Toxicity Equivalent (I-TEQ) of the PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) in the flue gas and stack gas of a 22 MW hazardous waste incinerator (HWI). As the REMPI detection sensitivity is decreasing with the increase of the degree of chlorination, this study focuses on the lower chlorinated species of the compounds mentioned above. Lower chlorinated species, e.g., chlorobenzene (MCBz), 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 2,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran or 2,4-dichlorophenol, were identified as I-TEQ surrogates in the flue gas. In contrast to the higher chlorinated phenols, the lower chlorinated phenols (degree of chlorination 4) were not reliable as surrogates in the stack gas. The identified surrogates are evaluated in terms of their detectability by REMPI-TOFMS laser mass spectrometry. The outcome is that MCBz is the best suited surrogate for (indirect) on-line measuring of the I-TEQ value in the flue gas by REMPI-TOFMS. The correlation coefficient r of the MCBz concentration to the I-TEQ in the flue gas was 0.85.

Mono- to tri-chlorinated dibenzodioxin (CDD) and dibenzofuran (CDF) congeners/homologues as indicators of CDD and CDF emissions from municipal waste and waste/coal combustion

Total homologue concentrations and select congener concentrations from amongst the mono- to tri-chlorinated dibenzodioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) are used to model both Total (mono- to octa-) CDD + CDF emissions and the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of the 2,3,7,8-chlorine-substituted emissions. Analysis of emission data from two facilities indicates that use of total homologue concentrations shows limited, facility-specific correlations with Total CDDs/CDFs and TEQ. Concentrations of select mono- to tri-CDD/CDF congeners show promising correlation with CDD/CDF TEQ across facilities, suggesting that these compounds can act as TEQ indicators. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Influence of variation in combustion conditions on the primary formation of chlorinated organic micropollutants during municipal solid waste combustion

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of variation in combustion conditions on the primary formation of organic micropollutants (OMPs). The flue gas samples were taken at a relatively high flue gas temperature (650°C), to enable mechanistic studies on the high temperature formation (primary formation). Eleven experiments were performed in a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor fed with an artificial municipal solid waste (MSW). The samples were analyzed for mono- to octachlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/Fs), tri- to decachlorinated biphenyls (CBs), di- to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs), and di- to pentachlorinated phenols (CPhs). In addition to chlorinated OMPs, nonchlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxin (DD), dibenzofuran (DF), and biphenyl (BP) were analyzed. The experiments show that variations in the CE influence the degree of chlorination of the organic micropollutants. A correlation between low CE and formation of non- and low-chlorinated DMPs was seen and a distinct relationship of higher chlorinated homologues and efficient combustion condition. Thus, the DiCDFs and DiCBzs are formed during low combustion efficiency (CE), while the PeCDF and PeCBzs formation take place at higher CE. The distribution between primary and secondary air is important for the formation of higher CDD/Fs and CBzs. The primary formation of CDDs and CDFs is through different mechanisms. The CDDs are mainly formed by condensation of CPhs, while the CDFs are formed through a non- or a low-chlorinated precursor followed by further chlorination reactions.

Synthesis of mixed halogenated dibenzodioxins (X = Br, Cl)

The conversion of dibenzodioxin with CuCl2x2H2O and CuBr2 results in polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins. Besides the chlorinated compounds, bromination stages 1 to 5 are obtained at chlorination levels of 0 to 7 for monobromo-, 0 to 7 for dibromo-, 0 to 4 for tribromo-, 0 to 3 for tetrabromo-, and 0 to 1 for pentabromodibenzodioxin. The 2,3,7,8 position is halogenated preferentially.