399-55-3Relevant articles and documents
Fluorination of 4-alkyl-substituted phenols and aromatic ethers with fluoroxy and N-F reagents: Cesium fluoroxysulfate and N-fluoro-1,4-diazonia- bicyclo[2.2.2]octane dication salts case Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Boris ?emva in honor to his great contribution to fluorine chemistry.
Pravst, Igor,Stavber, Stojan
, p. 276 - 282 (2014/01/06)
4-Alkyl-substituted phenols and aromatic ethers were comparatively fluorinated with electrophilic fluorinating reagents such as cesium fluoroxysulfate (CFS), Selectfluor F-TEDA-BF4, and Accufluor NFTh in MeCN or MeOH. Reactions resulted in the formation of three types of products: 2-fluoro-4-alkyl-substituted corresponding compounds (5) as a result of ortho fluorination process, 4-alkyl-4-fluoro-cyclohexa-2,5- dienone compounds (6), resulting after an addition-elimination process, and 4-fluorosubstituted corresponding compounds (7) derived from ipso attack and release of the 4-alkyl group. The distribution of products depends on the bulkiness of alkyl groups at both positions and reaction media. The reaction in methanol proved more selective toward the formation of 2-fluoro derivatives. Tyramin and l-tyrozine were transformed with NFTh reagent in methanol to their fluorophenyl-substituted derivatives in good yield.
Fluorination of aromatic compounds with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide under solvent-free conditions
Andreev,Borodkin,Shubin
scheme or table, p. 1468 - 1473 (2010/03/24)
Reactions of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide with methylbenzenes, phenols, and phenol ethers were studied under solvent-free conditions. The rate constant ratio for the reactions with mesitylene and durene indicates polar mechanism of the process. Solvent-free fluorination of aromatic compounds with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide in some cases is more selective than reactions with other N-F reagents in a solvent.
First application of ionic liquids in electrophilic fluorination of arenes; Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF4) for "green" fluorination
Laali, Kenneth K.,Borodkin, Gennady I.
, p. 953 - 957 (2007/10/03)
The NF fluorinating agent F-TEDA-BF4 dication salt (Selectfluor) 1 dissolves in imidazolium-based ionic liquids [emim][OTf] 7, [emim][BF4] 8, [bmim][PF6] 9 and [bmim][BF4] 10 (assisted by sonication), providing a convenient medium for fluorination of arenes under essentially acid-free conditions in a simple set-up (no volatile solvent; simple extraction of the aromatics without aqueous work-up), from which the ionic liquid can be easily recycled and reused. Comparative studies in [emim][OTf] 7 with anisole as substrate show that 1 is superior to NFTh-BF4 (Accufluor) 2 and that the N-fluoropyridinium salt NFPy-B2F7 4 is least effective. The scope of the reaction has been surveyed. Substrate selectivity (k mesitylene: k durene = 10) measured in competitive experiments in 7 is clearly indicative of a conventional polar mechanism. Substrate selectivity measured without the ionic liquid in MeCN solvent is also indicative of a polar mechanism but exhibits lower magnitude (k mesitylene: kdurene = 6). Addition of dicyclohexano-24-crown-8 to the fluorination reaction mixture (1 and anisole) in 7 reduced the conversion but did not change the isomer distribution. AM1 minimization was used to model the complexation of 1 with this crown. With reactive aromatics optimal fluorination yields in ionic liquids (using 1 equivalent of the NF reagent) are around 50% (higher for naphthalene). A key control experiment suggests that the free base (produced upon transfer-fluorination) could complex to unreacted 1 (generating a bulky dimer complex which may be ineffective for fluorine transfer) in competition to N-protonation.