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Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
3,4,5-Triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole is used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals for its ability to contribute to the development of new drugs with potential therapeutic applications. Its unique structure allows for the creation of molecules with specific biological activities, making it instrumental in medicinal chemistry.
Used in Dye Industry:
In the dye industry, 3,4,5-Triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole is utilized as a component in the production of various dyes. Its chemical properties enable the creation of dyes with distinct color characteristics and stability, which are essential for applications in textiles, printing, and other industries.
Used in Materials Science:
3,4,5-Triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole is employed as a building block in materials science for its potential to enhance the properties of new materials. Its incorporation can lead to advancements in material performance, such as improved stability, reactivity, or specific interactions with other molecules.
Used in Chemical Engineering:
In chemical engineering, 3,4,5-Triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole is used in the development of new chemical processes and catalysts. Its reactivity and structural features make it a valuable component in designing efficient and selective catalysts for various chemical reactions.
Used in Research and Development:
3,4,5-Triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole is used as a research compound for exploring its biological activities and potential applications in drug discovery. Its presence in studies allows scientists to investigate its interactions with biological systems and its effects on various diseases, contributing to the advancement of medical knowledge.

Upstream product

• 79-19-6 thiosemicarbazide 
• 4903-36-0 N-phenyl-benzimidoyl chloride 
• 93-98-1 N-phenyl benzoyl amide 
• 787-84-8 N'-benzoylbenzohydrazide 
• 5435-44-9 (E)-3-Ureido-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester 
• 62-53-3 aniline 
• 38430-05-6 (E)-N-phenylbenzimidoyl chloride 
• 18039-42-4 5-Phenyl-1H-tetrazole 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 2038-98-4 N-phenylbenzamidrazone 
• 725-12-2 2,5-bis-(phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 
• 142-04-1 aniline hydrochloride 
• 591-50-4 iodobenzene 
• 13939-06-5 molybdenum hexacarbonyl 

Downstream Products

• 332848-71-2 3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Cationic Iridium Complexes with 3,4,5-Triphenyl-4 H-1,2,4-Triazole Type Cyclometalating Ligands: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Their Use in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Cationic iridium complexes that show blue-shifted emission and high phosphorescent efficiency have been pursued for their optoelectronic applications. Five cationic iridium complexes with 3,4,5-triphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (tPhTAZ) type cyclometalating ligands (C^N) and 2,2′-bipyridine or 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole type ancillary ligands (N^N) have been designed and synthesized. Their structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties have been comprehensively characterized. In solution and thin films, the complexes afford efficient yellow to blue-green emission. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of these complexes are delocalized over the C^N ligand and the iridium ion, and compared with the conventional 2-phenylpyridine (Hppy) ligand, the tPhTAZ ligand largely shifts the emission of the complex toward blue by over 40 nm through stabilizing the HOMO. Moreover, the peripheral phenyl rings in tPhTAZ provide steric hindrance to the complexes, which suppresses phosphorescence concentration-quenching of the complexes, leading to high luminescent efficiencies in neat films. Theoretical calculations have shown that the emission of the complexes originates from either the charge-transfer state (Ir/C^N → N^N) or the C^N/N^N-centered 3π-π? state, depending on the local surrounding of the complex. The complexes exhibit good electrochemical stability with reversible oxidation and reduction processes in solution. Solid-state light emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) using the complexes afford yellow to blue-green emission, with peak current efficiencies of up to 34.7 cd A-1 and maximum brightness of up to 256 cd m-2 at 3.0 V, which are among the highest for LECs based on cationic iridium complexes reported so far, indicating the great potential for the use of tPhTAZ-type C^N ligands in construction of cationic iridium complexes for LEC applications.

Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles, N-Fused 1,2,4-Triazoles and 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles via Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl-Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides

A convenient and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles, N-fused 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles using molybdenum hexacarbonyl where, for the first time, molybdenum hexacarbonyl acts as a convenient and reliable s

A simple and efficient synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted/N-fused 1,2,4-triazoles via ceric ammonium nitrate catalyzed oxidative cyclization of amidrazones with aldehydes using polyethylene glycol as a recyclable reaction medium

An environmentally benign protocol is described for the synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles and N-fused 1,2,4-triazoles via ceric ammonium nitrate catalyzed oxidative cyclization of amidrazones and aldehydes using polyethylene glycol as recyclable reaction medium. This protocol is effective toward various substrates having different functionalities. The easy recyclability of the reaction medium makes the process economic and potentially viable for commercial applications.

Ligand-free copper(0) catalyzed direct C-H arylation of 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with aryl iodides in PEG-400

A ligand-free copper catalyzed approach has been developed to the synthesis of 3,4,5-triaryl-1,2,4-triazoles and 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles by the direct arylation of corresponding 3,4-diaryl-1,2,4-triazoles and 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles with aryl iodides using PEG-400 as reaction medium. The procedure is experimentally simple and free from addition of external chelating ligands or co-catalysts.

Br?nsted acid-catalyzed simple and efficient synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles using 2,2,2-trichloroethyl imidates in PEG

A facile and highly efficient synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles and 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from 2,2,2-trichloroethyl imidates using PEG as a solvent and employing PTSA as the catalyst under mild conditions is described.

Tunable protic ionic liquids as solvent-catalysts for improved synthesis of multiply substituted 1,2,4-triazoles from oxadiazoles and organoamines

More than green alternatives to traditional volatile molecular organic solvents, protic ionic liquids as dual solvent-catalysts have been successfully used to promote reactions of organoamines with oxadiazoles to afford sterically hindered 1,2,4-triazoles. Among the tested protic ionic liquids, pyridinium trifluoroacetate and acetate showed the highest efficiency for the reactions of arylamines and alkylamines, respectively, indicating that tunable catalysis could be readily effected with protic ionic liquid solvent-catalysts by simply tuning their cation and anion counterparts. A general and efficient approach has been developed for synthesis of multiply substituted 1,2,4-triazoles based on the tunable protic ionic liquid solvent-catalyst systems.

Copolyfluorenes containing pendant bipolar carbazole and 1,2,4-triazole groups: Synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic applications

Three novel copolyfluorenes (P1-P3) containing pendant bipolar groups (2.5-7.7 mol %), directly linked hole-transporting carbazole and electron-transporting aromatic 1,2,4-triazole, were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction and applied to enhance emission efficiency of polymer light-emitting diodes based on conventional MEH-PPV. The bipolar groups not only suppress undesirable green emission of polyfluorene under thermal annealing, but also promote electron- and hole-affinity of the resulting copolyfluorenes. Blending the bipolar copolyfluorenes with MEH-PPV results in significant enhancement of device performance [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV+P1, P2 or P3/Ca(50 nm)/Al(100 nm)]. The maximum luminance and luminance efficiency were enhanced from 3230 cd/m2 and 0.29 cd/A of MEH-PPV-only device to 15,690 cd/m2 and 0.81 cd/A (blend device with MEH-PPV/P3 = 94/6 containing about 0.46 wt % of pendant bipolar residues), respectively. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the bipolar copolyfluorenes in enhancing emission efficiency of MEH-PPV.

Copolyfluorenes containing pendant bipolar groups: Synthesis, optoelectronic properties and applications

This article reports the synthesis of copolyfluorenes (P1-P3) containing pendant bipolar groups (2.1-8.2 mol%), directly linked to hole-transporting triphenylamine and electron-transporting aromatic 1,2,4-triazole, by the Suzuki coupling reaction and their application in improving PLED performance of conventional MEH-PPV. The bipolar groups not only suppress undesirable green emission of polyfluorene under thermal annealing, but also promote electron- and hole-affinity of the resulting copolyfluorenes. Blending bipolar model compound M0 with MEH-PPV results in enhancement of device performance [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/M0 + MEH-PPV/Ca(50 nm)/Al(100 nm)]. Maximum luminance and luminance efficiency were increased from 3160 cd/m2 and 0.24 cd/A of MEH-PPV-only device to 6830 cd/m2 and 0.50 cd/A. Moreover, blending the bipolar copolyfluorenes with MEH-PPV further improves the device efficiency, with the maximum luminance and luminance efficiency being significantly enhanced up to 11090 cd/m2 and 0.56 cd/A (ca. 0.4 wt% of bipolar residue), respectively. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the bipolar copolyfluorenes and model compound M0 in enhancing emission efficiency of MEH-PPV.

A novel synthesis of 3,4,5-triaryl-1,2,4-4H-triazoles from 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and aluminium anilides

3,4,5-Triaryl-1,2,4-4H-triazoles have been prepared in 70-91% yields by a simple and easy to control one-pot procedure from 2,5- diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and aluminium anilides.

Copper-mediated direct arylation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles with aryl iodides

The copper-mediated direct arylation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles with aryl iodides proceeds efficiently in the presence of suitable ligands and bases. This method allows the installation of a variety of aryl moieties bearing a functional group such as ketone, ester, or nitrile so as to enable the facile construction of various functionalized oxadiazole and triazole core π systems.