409113-03-7Relevant articles and documents
5-Pyrrolidin-2-yltetrazole: A New, Catalytic, More Soluble Alternative to Proline in an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich-type Reaction
Cobb, Alexander J. A.,Shaw, David M.,Ley, Steven V.
, p. 558 - 560 (2004)
A Mannich-type addition of ketones to N-PMP protected α-imino ethyl glyoxalate is catalyzed by a new proline analogue, 5-pyrrolidin-2-yltetrazole 1. The new organocatalyst has significant advantage over its parent in that it can be used in non-polar solvents without loss of enantioselectivity.
Catalysis of 3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid and related pyrrolidine derivatives in enantioselective anti-Mannich-type reactions: Importance of the 3-acid group on pyrrolidine for stereocontrol
Zhang, Haile,Mitsumori, Susumu,Utsumi, Naoto,Imai, Masanori,Garcia-Delgado, Noemi,Mifsud, Maria,Albertshofer, Klaus,Cheong, Paul Ha-Yeon,Houk,Tanaka, Fujie,Barbas III, Carlos F.
, p. 875 - 886 (2008/09/20)
The development of enantioselective anti-selective Mannich-type reactions of aldehydes and ketones with imines catalyzed by 3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid and related pyrrolidine derivatives is reported in detail. Both (3R,5R)-5-methyl-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid and (R)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid efficiently catalyzed the reactions of aldehydes with α-imino esters under mild conditions and afforded anti-Mannich products with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (anti/syn up to 99:1, up to >99% ee). For the reactions of ketones with α-imino esters, (R)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid was an efficient catalyst (anti/syn up to >99:1, up to 99% ee). Evaluation of a series of pyrrolidine-based catalysts indicated that the acid group at the β-position of the pyrrolidine ring of the catalyst played an important role in forwarding the carbon-carbon bond formation and in directing anti-selectivity and enantioselectivity.
TRANS-3,5-DISUBSTITUTEDPYRROLIDINE: ORGANOCATALYST FOR anti-MANNICH REACTIONS
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Page/Page column 21; 28; 29, (2010/11/27)
A compound of Formula I is disclosed, in which R is a substituent containing a hydrogen bond-forming atom within three atoms from the ring carbon to which the substituent is bonded; X is CH2, O, S or NR1, wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl group or an amino-protecting group having one to about 18 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrido or a hydrocarbyl group containing one to about twelve carbon atoms; and R3 is hydrido or methyl, but both R2 and R3 are not hydrido when X is CH2 A molecule of Formula I and those in which R2 and R3 can both be hydrido (Formula X) functions as a catalyst in a Mannich reaction to asymmetrically form β-aminoaldehyde or β-aminoketone diastereomeric products having two chiral centers on adjacent carbon atoms and in which the anti-diastereomers are in excess over the syn-diastereomers. Methods for carrying out those syntheses are also disclosed.
ORGANOCATALYSTS AND METHODS OF USE IN CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS
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Page/Page column 42-44; 85-86, (2010/02/15)
The present invention pertains generally to compositions comprising organocatalysts that facilitate stereo-selective reactions and the method of their synthesis and use. Particularly, the invention relates to metal-free organocatalysts for facilitation of stereo--selective reactions, and the method of their synthesis and use. These compounds have the structure of the Formulas (I) and (II). Where X is independently selected from CH2, N-Ra, O, S or C=O; Y is CH2, N-Ra, O, S or C=O, with the proviso that at least one of X or Y is CH2, and preferably both of X and Y are CH2; Ra is H, an optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl including a C3-C6 cyclic alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl group, preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group; Rb is H, an optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C6 acyclic or a a C3-C6 cyclic alkyl group, CHO, N(Me)O, CO(S)Ra or the group of Formula (III). Where Rc and Rd are each independently H, F, C1, an optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl, more preferably a C1-C6 alkyl, and an optionally substituted aryl group, or together Rc and Rd form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring; R1 is OH, OR, NR'R", NHC(=O)R, NHSO2R; R2 is H, F, C1, an optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl group or a =O group (which establishes a carbonyl group with the carbon to which =O is attached; R3 is H, OH, F, C1, Br, I, Cl, an optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl ("hydrocarbyl") group, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted aryl, such that the carbon to which R3 is attached has an R or S configuration; R is H, an optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted aryl group, R' and R" are each independently H, an optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl group, preferably an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted aryl group; or together R' and R" form an optionally substituted heterocyclic, preferably a 4 to 7 membered optionally substituted heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted heteroaryl ring with the nitrogen to which R' and R" are attached; and wherein said compound is free from a metal catalyst.
3-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid for direct catalytic asymmetric anti-Mannich-type reactions of unmodified ketones
Zhang, Haile,Mifsud, Maria,Tanaka, Fujie,Barbas III, Carlos F.
, p. 9630 - 9631 (2007/10/03)
We report the development of direct catalytic, enantioselective, anti-selective Mannich-type reactions between unmodified ketones and α-imino esters under mild conditions. The reactions were performed using 5-10 mol % of (R)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic or (R)-β-proline as catalyst in an environmentally benign solvent, 2-PrOH, at room temperature. The anti-Mannich products were obtained in good yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to anti/syn >99:1, 99% ee). While (3R,5R)-5-methyl-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid is an excellent catalyst for the anti-Mannich-type reactions of aldehydes, it did not efficiently catalyze the corresponding Mannich-type reactions of ketones; (R)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid did efficiently catalyze the Mannich-type reactions of ketones. (S)-Proline or (S)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid has been reported to catalyze the Mannich-type reactions of ketones to afford the syn-products. Thus, the position of the carboxylic acid group on the pyrrolidine ring directs the stereoselection of the catalyzed reaction, providing either syn- or anti-Mannich products. Copyright
Compounds and compositions for use in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related syndromes
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Page/Page column 66, (2010/11/24)
The invention relates to 4-hydroxyisoleucine, isomers, analogs, lactones, salts, and prodrugs thereof, to processes for their preparation, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of those compounds in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related syndromes.
Analogs of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and uses thereof
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Page/Page column 33, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to analogs of 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and to lactones, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof, to processes for their preparation, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. The analogs of the invention stimulate both glucose uptake and insulin secretion, and may thus be useful for the prevention and treatment of disorders of carbohydrate or lipid metabolism, including diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), pre-diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome.
Organocatalysis with proline derivatives: Improved catalysts for the asymmetric Mannich, nitro-Michael and aldol reactions
Cobb, Alexander J. A.,Shaw, David M.,Longbottom, Deborah A.,Gold, Johan B.,Ley, Steven V.
, p. 84 - 96 (2007/10/03)
Tetrazole and acylsulfonamide organocatalysts derived from proline have been synthesised and applied to the asymmetric Mannich, nitro-Michael and aldol reactions to give results that are superior to the proline-catalysed counterpart.
Catalysis of highly stereoselective Mannich-type reactions of ketones with ?±-imino esters by a pyrrolidine-sulfonamide. Synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids
Wang, Wei,Wang, Jian,Li, Hao
, p. 7243 - 7246 (2007/10/03)
The novel pyrrolidine-sulfonamide I has been prepared and used successfully to catalyze Mannich-type reactions between ketones and α-imino esters. The process is used to efficiently synthesize functionalized α-amino acid derivatives with excellent levels
A highly enantioselective amino acid-catalyzed route to functionalized α-amino acids
Cordova, Armando,Notz, Wolfgang,Zhong, Guofu,Betancort, Juan M.,Barbas III, Carlos F.
, p. 1842 - 1843 (2007/10/03)
The development of syntheses providing enantiomerically pure α-amino acids has intrigued generations of chemists and been the subject of intense research. This report describes a general approach to functionalized α-amino acids based on catalytic asymmetr
