4122-04-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Bacterial-yeast consortium as an effective biocatalyst for biodegradation of sulphonated azo dye Reactive Red 198
Kurade, Mayur B.,Waghmode, Tatoba R.,Jadhav, Mital U.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Govindwar, Sanjay P.
, p. 23046 - 23056 (2015/03/14)
A novel bacterial-yeast consortium (Brevibacillus laterosporus and Galactomyces geotrichum) acts as a proficient biocatalyst. It decolorized 92% of sulphonated azo dye Reactive Red 198 (RR 198) within 18 h at a dye concentration of 50 mg L-1 as compared to 58 and 42% decolorization using Brevibacillus laterosporus and Galactomyces geotrichum alone, respectively, in the same experimental conditions (pH 7, 40 °C, in static condition). The cumulative action of enzymes such as veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, NADH-DCIP reductase and azoreductase in the consortium culture was responsible for dye degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis of the dye and its extracted metabolites suggested the biotransformation of RR 198 into simple metabolites; whereas the biotransformation of the same by individual microorganisms was different than by consortial biodegradation. According to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy studies, RR 198 was biotransformed into much simpler compounds such as (ethylsulfonyl)benzene and 1,3,5-triazine by the bacterial-yeast consortium. This metabolic fate of the dye was entirely different in consortium than when compared to individual microbial treatment. Single microbial species could lead to only partial mineralization of the intact dye molecule; whereas, nearly complete degradation of the dye molecule was achieved using the consortium culture. This study clearly suggests that the consortium has an enormous strength to catalyze RR 198 within a short period as compared to individual microbial cultures. This journal is
A novel synthetic route to 2-amino and 2-alkylamino-1,3,5-triazines based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen: The first reactions of 1,3,5-triazine with nucleophiles without ring decomposition
Gulevskaya, Anna V.,Maes, Bert U. W.,Meyers, Caroline
, p. 71 - 74 (2008/03/14)
2-Amino- and 2-alkylamino-1,3,5-triazines were smoothly obtained by oxidative (alkyl)amination of 1,3,5-triazine in ammonia-ethanol or alkylamine-ethanol with bis(pyridine)silver(I)permanganate (AgPy 2MnO4) as the oxidant. These transformations are the first reactions of 1,3,5-triazine with nucleophiles without ring decomposition and the first examples of nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen on this substrate. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
ACIDIFYING EFFECTS OF AZA GROUPS IN THE NH ACIDITY OF AMINOAZINES AND THE CH ACIDITY OF ACETYLAZINES
Terekhova, M. I.,Petrov, E. S.,Mikhaleva, M. A.,Shkurko, O. P.,Mamaev, V. P.,Shatenshtein, A. I.
, p. 6 - 10 (2007/10/02)
The pK values for a series of aminoazines and acetylazines containing one, two, or three aza groups in the ring were determined in dimethyl sulfoxide.There is a good linear correlation between pK values of the investigated NH and CH acids.The acidifying effects (ΔpK) of the aza groups at positions 2, 3, or 4 in relation to the side chain were determined and had values of 3.1, 2.4, and 4.5 logarithmic units in the aminoazines and 3.5, 2.9 and 4.8 logarithmic units respectively in the acetylazines.Except in the case of two ortho-located aza groups the effects are additive.Compared with dimethyl sulfoxide water has a differentiating effect on the acidity of the aminoazines, and this is explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the molecules of the proton-donating solvent and the aza groups of the anions of the aminoazines.
