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• 4107-40-8 N-Butyl-N'-phenoxyharnstoff 
• 109-73-9 N-butylamine 
• 95-55-6 2-amino-phenol 
• 111-92-2 dibutylamine 
• 4846-21-3 O-phenylhydroxylamine 
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• 87271-60-1 1-Butyl-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-urea 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Use of primary amines for the selective n-alkylation of anilines by a reusable heterogeneous catalyst

Traditionally, anilines can be alkylated with reactive alkyl halides but now more safe reagents such as alcohols or even amines can be used. To overcome the limits of homogeneous catalysis for aniline N-alkylation, we have developed a protocol that employs simple Pd/C as a heterogeneous catalyst under microwave dielectric heating. The process, based on the easy Pd-mediated oxidation of primary amines to imines followed by aniline addition, is characterized by a high atom economy as ammonia is the only other product of the reaction. This kind of aniline alkylation with amines has been carried out both in ionic liquid medium using [bmim]PF6 or in a more traditional solvent such as THF where the catalyst could be successfully recycled more times. The reusability of the catalyst was further confirmed by using material recycled from the amination in a standard alkene hydrogenation without loss of efficiency. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.

A general approach to substituted benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles via heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed hydrogen-transfer with primary amines

The synthesis of benzimidazoles starting from o-phenylenediamines and amines in the presence of palladium on charcoal as catalyst is reported. Under microwave dielectric heating it is possible to use a tertiary, a secondary, and even a primary amine as the substrate for a palladium-mediated process to get 2-substituted or 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles, depending on the nature of the o-phenylenediamine employed. Primary amines are the most suitable reagents for the atom economy of the overall process that resulted to be general as several different substituted benzimidazoles were obtained in good yield. Benzoxazoles can be also prepared starting from primary amines and o-aminophenol. The reaction is also highly selective as no (poly)-alkylated phenylenediamines or cross-contaminated benzimidazoles are obtained starting from N-monoalkylphenylenediamines. This behavior was interpreted as a scarce aptitude to dehydrogenation of the methylene bonded to the aromatic NH of N-alkylarylamines. The experiments carried out consent to draw an almost complete picture of the reaction pathways occurring during the process. The catalyst can be recycled several times and, although far from optimal performances, catalyst TON=90 is encouraging for further large-scale optimization protocols. In addition, the palladium on charcoal-catalyzed microwave-assisted reaction of o-phenylenediamine gives de-alkylation of tertiary amines and transformation into the secondary ones. Copyright

A general approach to substituted benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles via heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed hydrogen-transfer with primary amines

The synthesis of benzimidazoles starting from o-phenylenediamines and amines in the presence of palladium on charcoal as catalyst is reported. Under microwave dielectric heating it is possible to use a tertiary, a secondary, and even a primary amine as the substrate for a palladium-mediated process to get 2-substituted or 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles, depending on the nature of the o-phenylenediamine employed. Primary amines are the most suitable reagents for the atom economy of the overall process that resulted to be general as several different substituted benzimidazoles were obtained in good yield. Benzoxazoles can be also prepared starting from primary amines and o-aminophenol. The reaction is also highly selective as no (poly)-alkylated phenylenediamines or cross-contaminated benzimidazoles are obtained starting from N-monoalkylphenylenediamines. This behavior was interpreted as a scarce aptitude to dehydrogenation of the methylene bonded to the aromatic NH of N-alkylarylamines. The experiments carried out consent to draw an almost complete picture of the reaction pathways occurring during the process. The catalyst can be recycled several times and, although far from optimal performances, catalyst TON=90 is encouraging for further large-scale optimization protocols. In addition, the palladium on charcoal-catalyzed microwave-assisted reaction of o-phenylenediamine gives de-alkylation of tertiary amines and transformation into the secondary ones. Copyright

Aziridines as a Protecting and Directing Group. Stereoselective Synthesis of (+)-Bromoxone

(Equation presented) The directing ability of an aziridine group for the epoxidation of adjacent double bonds is demonstrated. The aziridine group is also used to effectively protect a double bond in a cycloenone system for a short synthesis of the title