4412-10-6

Upstream product

• 30953-25-4 2-phenylbut-3-enoic acid 
• 92582-17-7 Phenyl-vinyl-malonsaeure-diaethylester 
• 38586-17-3 2-phenyl-crotononitrile 
• 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 
• 2882-19-1 ethyl 2-phenyl-2-bromoacetate 
• 6120-95-2 1-phenyl-1-cyclopropane carboxylic acid 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 15719-64-9 methylammonium carbonate 
• 2687-12-9 cinnamyl chloride 
• 673-32-5 1-Phenylprop-1-yne 
• 64-18-6 formic acid 
• 40233-96-3 ethyl 2-phenyl-2-butenoate 
• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 
• 90-27-7 2-Phenylbutyric acid 

Downstream Products

• 90921-39-4 β-Methyl-atropasaeure-amid 
• 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 
• 611-73-4 Benzoylformic acid 
• 90-27-7 2-Phenylbutyric acid 
• 102171-75-5 β-Methyl-tropasaeure-allethrolonylester 
• 938-79-4 (2R)-2-phenylbutanoic acid 
• 2294-71-5 (-)-(R)-2-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 27839-91-4 1-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-propan-1-one 
• 91193-02-1 3-methyl-2-phenyl-crotonoyl chloride 
• 60995-94-0 (E)-2-phenylbut-2-enoyl chloride 
• 60995-95-1 (Z)-2-Phenyl-2-butenoyl chloride 
• 71338-72-2 methyl ethylidene phenylacetic carboxylate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Water-initiated hydrocarboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2and hydrosilane

This work discloses a Cu(ii)-Ni(ii) catalyzed tandem hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with polysilylformate formed from CO2and polymethylhydrosiloxane that affords α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with up to 93% yield. Mechanistic studies indicate that polysilylformate functions as a source of CO and polysilanol. Besides, a catalytic amount of water is found to be critical to the reaction, which hydrolyzes polysilylformate to formic acid that induces the formation of Ni-H active species, thereby initiating the catalytic cycle.

Ligand-controlled divergent dehydrogenative reactions of carboxylic acids via C–H activation

Dehydrogenative transformations of alkyl chains to alkenes through methylene carbon-hydrogen (C–H) activation remain a substantial challenge. We report two classes of pyridine-pyridone ligands that enable divergent dehydrogenation reactions through palladium-catalyzed b-methylene C–H activation of carboxylic acids, leading to the direct syntheses of a,b-unsaturated carboxylic acids or g-alkylidene butenolides. The directed nature of this pair of reactions allows chemoselective dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids in the presence of other enolizable functionalities such as ketones, providing chemoselectivity that is not possible by means of existing carbonyl desaturation protocols. Product inhibition is overcome through ligand-promoted preferential activation of C(sp3)–H bonds rather than C(sp2)–H bonds or a sequence of dehydrogenation and vinyl C–H alkynylation. The dehydrogenation reaction is compatible with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant.

Access to α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids through water-soluble palladium catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of alkynes using water as the solvent

A sulfoxantphos modified palladium-catalyzed synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids from alkynes with CO and H2O was described. The atom-economic hydroxycarbonylation of various symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes can be achieved with chemo-, stereo-, and regioselectivity, affording the corresponding carboxylic acids in good to excellent yields. Using water as the reaction solvent, the water-soluble palladium catalyst was easily separated from the product and could be reused for 5 cycles.

Visible-Light-Mediated Heterocycle Functionalization via Geometrically Interrupted [2+2] Cycloaddition

The [2+2] photocycloaddition is the most valuable and intensively investigated photochemical process. Here we demonstrate that irradiation of N-acryloyl heterocycles with blue LED light (440 nm) in the presence of an IrIII complex leads to efficient and high yielding fused γ-lactam formation across a range of substituted heterocycles. Quantum calculations show that the reaction proceeds via cyclization in the triplet excited state to yield a 1,4-diradical; intersystem crossing leads preferentially to the closed shell singlet zwitterion. This is geometrically restricted from undergoing recombination to yield a cyclobutane by the planarity of the amide substituent. A prototropic shift leads to the observed bicyclic products in what can be viewed as an interrupted [2+2] cycloaddition.

Caesium fluoride-mediated hydrocarboxylation of alkenes and allenes: Scope and mechanistic insights

A caesium fluoride-mediated hydrocarboxylation of olefins is disclosed that does not rely on precious transition metal catalysts and ligands. The reaction occurs at atmospheric pressures of CO2 in the presence of 9-BBN as a stoichiometric reductant. Stilbenes, β-substituted styrenes and allenes could be carboxylated in good yields. The developed methodology can be used for preparation of commercial drugs as well as for gram scale hydrocarboxylation. Computational studies indicate that the reaction occurs via formation of an organocaesium intermediate.

Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes with Formic Acid

A palladium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with formic acid has been developed. The method provides acrylic acid and derivatives in good yields with high regioselectivity without the need to handle toxic CO gas. Nontoxic: Acrylic acids are an important chemical feedstock. The title reaction provides acrylic acid and derivatives in good yields with high regioselectivities without the need to handle toxic CO gas.

Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes with CO2 by Using Simple Alcohols as Proton Sources

A mild and user-friendly Ni-catalyzed regioselective hydrocarboxylation of alkynes with CO2 (1 bar) is described. This protocol is characterized by a wide scope while obviating the need for sensitive organometallic species and by an unprecedented regioselectivity pattern using simple alcohols as proton sources.

Improved synthesis and in vitro study of antimicrobial activity of α,β-unsaturated and α-bromo carboxylic acids

A series of α,β-unsaturated and α-bromo carboxylic acids were identified as potent antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. All acids 1-12 exhibited a significant activity against nine laboratory control strains of bacteria and two strains of yeast Candida albicans. The tested acids were efficiently prepared by optimized phase-transfer-catalyzed (PTC) reactions of ketones with bromoform and aqueous lithium hydroxide in alcoholic solvent with triethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (TEBA) as catalyst.

One-step conversion of ketones to conjugated acids using bromoform

Phase-transfer-catalyzed (PTC) reactions of ketones with bromoform and aqueous lithium hydroxide in alcoholic solvent result in the formation of ,-unsaturated carboxylic acids. The reaction was performed at room temperature for 24h. The corresponding conj

LACTONIZATION OF PHENYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACIDS

The capacity of phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids for lactonization under the influence of mineral acids was studied.It was found that concentrated sulfuric acid at 20 deg C can give rise to lactonization only in the case where the intermediately formed carbocation is stabilized by a phenyl group.Preliminary isomerization to the corresponding unsaturated acid does not occur here.