4437-22-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Flavor and Fragrance Industry:
2,2'-Difurfuryl Ether is used as a flavoring agent for its coffee-like, nutty aroma. It is added to various food and beverage products to enhance their taste and aroma, making it a popular choice for coffee-flavored drinks, baked goods, and confectionery items.
Used in Aromatherapy:
Due to its pleasant aroma, 2,2'-Difurfuryl Ether is also used in aromatherapy as a natural scent that can help create a relaxing and soothing atmosphere. It can be used in candles, incense, and essential oil blends to provide a calming and uplifting effect.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
2,2'-Difurfuryl Ether can also be used as a starting material in the synthesis of various organic compounds. Its unique chemical structure allows it to be used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals.

Preparation

By reacting furfuryl alcohol and furfuryl chloride or furfuryl iodide in boiling ether in the presence of KOH

Upstream product

• 617-88-9 2-Chloromethylfuran 
• 98-00-0 (2-furyl)methyl alcohol 
• 4437-18-7 2-bromomethylfuran 
• 117680-17-8 2-(Iodomethyl)tetrahydrofuran 
• 188290-36-0 thiophene 
• 109-97-7 pyrrole 
• 16640-68-9 cyanomethylene triphenylphosphorane 
• 67-47-0 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 98-01-1 furfural 
• 67-63-0 isopropyl alcohol 
• 823-82-5 2,5-diformylfurane 
• 1883-75-6 2,5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)furan 

Downstream Products

• 90772-82-0 5-furfuryloxymethyl-[2]furylmercury ⁽¹⁺⁾; chloride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Highly efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural over defect-rich amphoteric ZrO2with abundant surface acid-base sites

Currently, the catalytic transformation and utilization of biomass-derived compounds are of great importance to the alleviation of environmental problems and sustainable development. Among them, furfural alcohol derived from biomass resources has been found to be one of the most prospective biomass platforms for high-value chemicals and biofuels. Herein, high-surface-area ZrO2 with abundant oxygen defects and surface acid-base sites was synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural into furfural alcohol using alcohol as a hydrogen donor. The as-synthesized ZrO2 exhibited excellent catalytic performance with 98.2% FA conversion and 97.1% FOL selectivity, even comparable with that of a homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst. A series of characterization studies and experimental results revealed that acid sites on the surface of ZrO2 could adsorb and activate the CO bond in furfural and base sites could facilitate the formation of alkoxide species. The synergistic effect of surface acid-base sites affords a harmonious environment for the reaction, which is crucial for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural with high efficiency. Furthermore, the as-prepared ZrO2 catalyst also exhibited a potential application for the efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation of a series of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds. This journal is

Catalytic Activity of Ti-based MXenes for the Hydrogenation of Furfural

Herein we report on the catalytic activity of Ti-based MXenes (Ti3CNTz and Ti3C2Tz) for biomass transformation. MXenes were found to be active catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural using either

Chemoselective and efficient catalytic hydrogenation of furfural by iridium and ruthenium half-sandwich complexes

The efficient hydrogenation reaction of furfural (FFR) to furfuryl alcohol (FFA) was achieved with new pyridyl-imine iridium(iii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes as catalyst precursors. The hydrogenation of furfural yielded furfuryl alcohol selectively with a turnover number (TON) of 2961 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 1481 h?1. The reactions were performed with formic acid as the source of hydrogen using a catalyst loading as low as 0.025 mol% and Et3N as base. The catalyst remained active for up to seven consecutive catalyst reuse cycles. Iridium outperformed the ruthenium analogues in terms of selectivity. Iridium hydride species were detected, duringin situ1H NMR spectroscopy studies, and are believed to be the active catalytic species. A mechanism of the hydrogenation reaction has hence been proposed.

METAL-IODIDE CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR DIRECT ETHERIFICATION FROM ALDEHYDES AND/OR KETONES

A process for etherification of aldehydes and/or ketones in the presence of a catalyst and an iodine source.

Catalytic conversion of furfuryl alcohol or levulinic acid into alkyl levulinates using a sulfonic acid-functionalized hafnium-based MOF

Biomass conversion using reusable solid acid catalysts are highly desirable to comply with the principles of green chemistry. Here, we report a sulfonic acid-functionalized hafnium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66(Hf)-SO3H, as an efficientsolid acidcatalyst for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol (FA) andesterification of levulinic acid (LA) affording alkyl levulinates (ALs). Among the as prepared UiO-66 based MOFs(UiO-66(Hf), UiO-66(Hf)-NH2, UiO-66(Hf)-SO3H and UiO-66(Zr)-SO3H), UiO-66(Hf)-SO3H holds highest Br?nsted acidity and therefore exhibits excellent catalytic activity towards production of ALs. The highest Br?nsted acidity in UiO-66(Hf)-SO3His the result of the covalently bound sulfonic acid groups present inorganic linkers along with the ligated hydroxyl groups (Hf-μ3-OH) to the Hf metal clusters.

A one-pot conversion furfural, 5 - hydroxymethyl furfural furan

A one-pot conversion furfural, 5 - hydroxymethyl furfural furan method, characterized by comprising the following steps: the furfural, 5 - hydroxymethyl furfural, catalyst, solvent are added in the reactor with a condensation device, in an inert atmosphere, in the 80 - 250 °C reaction temperature, stirring, reaction 0.5 - 30 h, ice water bath cooling. The invention will be furfural, 5 - hydroxymethyl furfural two substrates through a pot conversion of furan, simplify operation process, avoiding the loss of the material and the step of, maximum utilization of resources; in suitable process conditions, greatly shortens the reaction time, the production cost is reduced, thereby improving the production efficiency; in the normal pressure on the temperate conditions, high expectations for production equipment, in accordance with the principles of safe production; and forming the lignin is suitable for pre-treatment of wood cellulose acid or catalytic generation of furfural, 5 - hydroxymethyl furfural mixture one-pot conversion of furan, to proceed from the biomass resources for producing tetrahydrofuran.

A Novel Consecutive Approach for the Preparation of Cu–MgO Catalysts with High Activity for Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol

Abstract: A consecutive approach is introduced and tested for the first time to synthesize copper-magnesia catalysts with different (Cr, Ca, and Co) promoters for the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural. The comparison of the activity of these catalysts with that prepared via conventional co-precipitation indicated the superior activity of the former. A stable conversion of furfural (up to 91%) to furfuryl alcohol was achieved over the thus-prepared Cu–MgO and CaCu–MgO catalysts. However, both CoCu–MgO and CaCu–MgO demonstrated higher selectivities (about 99%) than the other two samples (Cu–MgO and CrCu–MgO). No direct interconnection was established between the catalytic activity and structural features of the catalysts, however. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

The influence of metal selection on catalyst activity for the liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol

In this work the replacement of toxic chromium containing catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol was investigated. The initial focus was on the synthesis of monometallic catalysts by wet impregnation and concentrated on the employment of metals such as platinum, palladium, copper and nickel. Experiments were conducted using ethanol as the solvent which was found to have a negative effect on the selectivity to the desired product, furfuryl alcohol, with high quantities of 2-Furaldehyde diethyl acetal and difurfuryl ether formed. Consequently, toluene was selected as an alternative solvent facilitating selectivity to furfuryl alcohol only. It was found that platinum was the most promising metal of those studied as it displayed higher selectivity to furfuryl alcohol and was subsequently employed for the synthesis of bimetallic catalysts. The bimetallic catalysts were synthesised by surface reactions using a variety of promoter metals selected according on their electronegativity. It was found that, while the selectivity of all catalysts to furfuryl alcohol was close to 100%, the conversion was influenced significantly by the second metal and followed the order tin > molybdenum > manganese > barium > iron > nickel. The purpose of the research was to produce an active catalyst for the liquid phase hydrogenation under suitable industrial conditions with the results presented here conducted at 100 °C and 20 bar hydrogen pressure. Furfural conversion of 47% and close to 100% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol was achieved using a 0.6%Pt0.4%Sn/SiO2 catalyst.

Dehydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to diformylfuran in compressed carbon dioxide: An oxidant free approach

The dehydrogenation of biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) was achieved utilizing an activated carbon supported rhodium (Rh/C) catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The developed method successfully afforded complete conversion and the highest selectivity of DFF (>99%) without any additive, conventional hydrogen acceptor and oxidant. The efficiency of the method is achieved by the addition of compressed carbon dioxide (scCO2) and the synergistic effect of scCO2 and Rh/C, where scCO2 plays a pivotal role in accelerating the reaction by removing hydrogen, and consequently shifting the equilibrium to the forward direction. Optimization of different reaction parameters ensures the achievement of high conversion and selectivity. Characterization of the catalyst using different spectroscopic techniques suggests an interaction between the substrate and the catalyst and provides an indication of the possible reaction pathway, thus a mechanism would be outlined. The rate determining step of the reaction was calculated through mechanistic investigations involving theoretical calculations together with experimental analysis. One of the most attractive features of the method developed in this study is the reverse reaction of DFF, which can be achieved in one-pot without the addition of any external hydrogen. This process has successful application to the dehydrogenation of a variety of alcohols with different substituents.

Study on the reaction pathway in decarbonylation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Pd-based catalyst

An extensive product distribution is firstly examined in the process of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) decarbonylation over Pd-based catalysts and some interesting results are obtained. The main side reactions are due to the high activity of the furan ring-branched hydroxymethyl, which could go through hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation and etherification. The H2 source was carefully explored and determined to be the hydroxymethyl dehydrogenation. The reactivity of the main intermediates was separately investigated and their evolution pathway was obtained. Noticeably, it is demonstrated that the elimination of the furanic ring-branched hydroxymethyl (in HMF or furfuryl alcohol) is completed by sequential dehydrogenation and decarbonylation via the intermediate of aldehyde (2, 5-diformylfuran or furfural). A comprehensive reaction pathway for HMF decarbonylation is proposed, which is significant for designing highly selective decarbonylation catalysts.