4471-17-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Intrazeolite photochemistry. 8. Influence of the zeolite physicochemical parameters on the laser flash photolysis of 1,1-diphenyl-2-propanone included in acid faujasites
Cozens, Frances L.,García, Hermenegildo,Scaiano
, p. 11134 - 11140 (1993)
Time-resolved diffuse reflectance laser flash photolysis studies of 1,1-diphenyl-2-propanone (DPA) included in a consistent series of Y faujasites at four levels of Na+-to-H+ exchange have shown that the interaction of this guest molecule with the zeolite acid sites leads to transient spectra much different than that due to the diphenylmethyl radical (DPM) characteristic of nonacidic hosts. Similar modification of the photochemical pattern was also observed when DPA was adsorbed onto the all-Lewis acid site Zn Y zeolite, albeit much slower decay traces were recorded in this case. We have found that by using a highly dealuminated acid zeolite (HYD, Si/Al 27.5) a much better resolved transient spectrum characteristic of the diphenylmethyl cation (DPM+) was obtained. Methanol quenching experiments have provided firm evidence for the generation of DPM+ within acid zeolites. A progressive increase of the DPM/DPM+ ratio, as measured from the relative intensities of their corresponding signals, with the time elapsed from the preparation of the complexes has been observed. Finally, the effects of coadsorbed water and the presence of oxygen on the spectra and the kinetics of the transients generated from DPA are reported.
A mechanism of photodissociation of diphenylmethane to a diphenylmethyl radical in solution
Fujiwara,Yamasaki,Mishima,Toyomi
, p. 1359 - 1365 (1998)
The photodissociation of diphenylmethane by excitation to the S1 state at 266 nm in n-heptane solution is studied by nanosecond fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The formation of the diphenylmethyl radical is identified by its fluoresce
Quenching of diphenylmethane triplet by energy transfer to diphenylmethyl radical in solution
Fujiwara,Yamasaki
, p. 2525 - 2529 (1998)
Energy transfer from the diphenylmethane triplet to the diphenylmethyl radical in n-heptane solution has been studied by nano-second fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Both the triplet and the radical are produced by excitation of diphenylmethane w
A Novel Combined Pulsed Laser Flash Photolysis-Optoacoustic Spectroscopy Technique for the Quantitative Study of Relaxation Processes of Excited Species Produced in Two-Laser, Two-Photon Experiments
Redmond, R. W.,Wayner, D. D. M.,Kanabus-Kaminska, J. M.,Scaiano, J. C.
, p. 6397 - 6401 (1989)
A novel combination of the established techniques of laser flash photolysis and optoacoustic calorimetry was used as a means for quantitative investigation of relaxation mechanisms in two-laser, two-photon excited species.Flash photolysis was used to determine the absorbance of the initially formed intermediate at the wavelegth and exact time of the second laser pulse.The amplitudes of the optoacoustic signals due to heat emission from the excited intermediate following the second pulse were plotted as a function of the fraction of absorbed photons or of the laser energy.The slope of such a plot for the excited diphenylmethyl radical in cyclohexane was compared to that of a two-laser, two-photon reference system (1-(chloromethyl)naphthalene in cyclohexane) where the excited intermediate (1-naphthylmethyl radical) releases all its absorbed energy rapidly by nonradiative means.From such measurements, the quantum yield of fluorescence of the excited diphenylmethyl radical in cyclohexane was calculated to be 0.31.Other possible applications of the technique are discussed.
Quenching of diphenylmethyl radical fluorescence by cyanoaromatics and phenols
Cyr, Douglas,Das, Paritosh
, p. 8603 - 8623 (2015/02/05)
We have used double-laser nanosecond laser flash photolysis to study the kinetics of bimolecular quenching of the lowest doublet excited state of the transient diphenylmethyl radical (2Ph2CH·) in acetonitrile at 25 °C. We
Photolytic generation of benzhydryl cations and radicals from quaternary phosphonium salts: How highly reactive carbocations survive their first nanoseconds
Ammer, Johannes,Sailer, Christian F.,Riedle, Eberhard,Mayr, Herbert
supporting information; experimental part, p. 11481 - 11494 (2012/08/29)
UV irradiation (266 or 280 nm) of benzhydryl triarylphosphonium salts Ar2CH-PAr3+X- yields benzhydryl cations Ar2CH+ and/or benzhydryl radicals Ar 2CH?. The efficiency and mechanism of the photo-cleavage were studied by nanosecond laser flash photolysis and by ultrafast spectroscopy with a state-of-the-art femtosecond transient spectrometer. The influences of the photo-electrofuge (Ar2CH +), the photo-nucleofuge (PPh3 or P(p-Cl-C 6H4)3), the counterion (X- = BF 4-, SbF6-, Cl-, or Br-), and the solvent (CH2Cl2 or CH 3CN) were investigated. Photogeneration of carbocations from Ar 2CH-PAr3+BF4- or -SbF6- is considerably more efficient than from typical neutral precursors (e.g., benzhydryl chlorides or bromides). The photochemistry of phosphonium salts is controlled by the degree of ion pairing, which depends on the solvent and the concentration of the phosphonium salts. High yields of carbocations are obtained by photolyses of phosphonium salts with complex counterions (X- = BF4- or SbF6 -), while photolyses of phosphonium halides Ar2CH-PPh 3+X- (X- = Cl- or Br -) in CH2Cl2 yield benzhydryl radicals Ar 2CH? due to photo-electron transfer in the excited phosphonium halide ion pair. At low concentrations in CH3CN, the precursor salts are mostly unpaired, and the photo-cleavage mechanism is independent of the nature of the counter-anions. Dichloromethane is better suited for generating the more reactive benzhydryl cations than the more polar and more nucleophilic solvents CH3CN or CF3CH 2OH. Efficient photo-generation of the most reactive benzhydryl cations (3,5-F2-C6H3)2CH+ and (4-(CF3)-C6H4)2CH+ was only achieved using the photo-leaving group P(p-Cl-C6H 4)3 and the counter-anion SbF6- in CH2Cl2. The lifetimes of the photogenerated benzhydryl cations depend greatly on the decay mechanisms, which can be reactions with the solvent, with the photo-leaving group PAr3, or with the counter-anion X- of the precursor salt. However, the nature of the photo-leaving group and the counterion of the precursor phosphonium salt do not affect the rates of the reactions of the obtained benzhydryl cations toward added nucleophiles. The method presented in this work allows us to generate a wide range of donor- and acceptor-substituted benzhydryl cations Ar 2CH+ for the purpose of studying their electrophilic reactivities.
Kinetic study of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of the benzotriazole-N-oxyl radical (BTNO) with H-donor substrates
Brandi, Paolo,Galli, Carlo,Gentili, Patrizia
, p. 9521 - 9528 (2007/10/03)
The aminoxyl radical (>N-O.) BTNO (benzotriazole-N-oxyl) has been generated by the oxidation of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT; >N-OH) with a CeIV salt in MeCN. BTNO presents a broad absorption band with λmax 474 nm and e 184
Chemistry of the t-butoxyl radical: Evidence that most hydrogen abstractions from carbon are entropy-controlled
Finn, Meghan,Friedline, Robert,Suleman, N. Kamrudin,Wohl, Christopher J.,Tanko, James M.
, p. 7578 - 7584 (2007/10/03)
Absolute rate constants and Arrhenius parameters for hydrogen abstractions (from carbon) by the t-butoxyl radical (tBuO·) are reported for several hydrocarbons and tertiary amines in solution. Combined with data already in the literature, an an
Kinetics of the reaction of the TEMPO radical with alkylarenes
Opeida,Matvienko,Bakurova,Voloshkin
, p. 900 - 904 (2007/10/03)
The kinetics of the reaction of the stable radical 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) with a series of alkylarenes containing primary and secondary benzyl C-H bonds was studied by ESR, and the reaction rate constants were determined. The scheme
Laser flash photolysis studies of alkoxyl radical kinetics using 4-nitrobenzenesulfenate esters as radical precursors
Horner, John H.,Choi, Seung-Yong,Newcomb, Martin
, p. 3369 - 3372 (2007/10/03)
(matrix presented) 4-Nitrobenzenesulfenate esters were used as precursors for the generation of alkoxyl radicals under laser flash photolysis conditions. The esters were efficiently cleaved using the Nd:YAG third harmonic (355 nm) to produce alkoxyl radic
