50-88-4

Upstream product

• 4784-41-2 1-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)thymine 
• 35898-26-1 4-Methyl-benzoic acid (2R,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester 
• 3056-13-1 3',5'-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-2'-deoxythymidine 
• 4449-31-4 1-[O³,O⁵-bis-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-α-D-erythro-2-deoxy-pentofuranosyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 
• 50-89-5 thymidine 
• 153737-54-3 3'-5'-di-O-acetyl-α-D-thymidine 
• 444810-96-2 3'-O-diphenylacetyl-β-thymidine 
• 4449-39-2 3',5'-di-O-toluoylthymidine 
• 65-71-4 thymin 
• 3056-13-1 3',5'-di-O-p-toluoyl-2'-deoxythymidine 
• 676598-19-9 methyl 2-deoxy-5-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-D-erythro-pentofuranoside 
• 78138-12-2 4-Methyl-benzoic acid (2R,3S)-3-benzyloxy-5-chloro-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester 
• 78137-88-9 methyl 3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-5-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-D-erythro-pentofuranoside 
• 78137-96-9 1-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-5-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-D-erythro-pentofuranose 

Downstream Products

• 104766-16-7 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-α-thymidine 
• 201219-77-4 5'-O-acetyl-3'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-α-thymidine 
• 114988-00-0 Phosphoramidous acid (2R,3S,5S)-2-[bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxymethyl]-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester methyl ester 
• 28854-96-8 C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₅ 
• 13410-30-5 2-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 
• 2642-43-5 thymidine 3'-monophosphate 
• 2863-04-9 Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate 
• 56822-33-4 3',5'-di-O-mesylthymidine 
• 78582-15-7 4-chloro-1-(2'-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1H-imidazo<4,5-c>pyridine 
• 90029-85-9 3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)thymidine 
• 61552-42-9 Thiamiprine 2'-deoxyriboside 
• 452-51-7 D-2-deoxyribose 
• 76945-38-5 (2S)-amino-6-(1-thyminyl)hexanoic acid 
• 97626-18-1 1-[2-deoxy-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-β-D-ribofuranosyl]thymine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

An Improved Approach for Practical Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5hmdC) Phosphoramidite and Triphosphate

5-Hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5hmdC) phosphoramidite and triphosphate are important building blocks in 5hmdC-containing DNA synthesis for epigenetic studies. However, efficient and practical methods for the synthesis of these compounds are

Biochemical characterization of a recombinant acid phosphatase from Acinetobacter baumannii

Genomic sequence analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii revealed the presence of a putative Acid Phosphatase (AcpA; EC 3.1.3.2). A plasmid construct was made, and recombinant protein (rAcpA) was expressed in E. coli. PAGE analysis (carried out under denaturing/ reducing conditions) of nickel-affinity purified protein revealed the presence of a nearhomogeneous band of approximately 37 kDa. The identity of the 37 kDa species was verified as rAcpA by proteomic analysis with a molecular mass of 34.6 kDa from the deduced sequence. The dependence of substrate hydrolysis on pH was broad with an optimum observed at 6.0. Kinetic analysis revealed relatively high affinity for PNPP (Km = 90 μM) with Vmax, kcat, and Kcat/Km values of 19.2 pmoles s-1, 4.80 s-1(calculated on the basis of 37 kDa), and 5.30 × 104 M-1s-1, respectively. Sensitivity to a variety of reagents, i.e., detergents, reducing, and chelating agents as well as classic acid phosphatase inhibitors was examined in addition to assessment of hydrolysis of a number of phosphorylated compounds. Removal of phosphate from different phosphorylated compounds is supportive of broad, i.e., 'nonspecific' substrate specificity; although, the enzyme appears to prefer phosphotyrosine and/or peptides containing phosphotyrosine in comparison to serine and threonine. Examination of the primary sequence indicated the absence of signature sequences characteristic of Type A, B, and C nonspecific bacterial acid phosphatases.

Synthesis and evaluation of 3′-[18F]fluorothymidine-5′-squaryl as a bioisostere of 3′-[18F]fluorothymidine-5′-monophosphate

The squaryl moiety has emerged as an important phosphate bioisostere with reportedly greater cell permeability. It has been used in the synthesis of several therapeutic drug molecules including nucleoside and nucleotide analogues but is yet to be evaluated in the context of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We have designed, synthesised and evaluated 3′-[18F]fluorothymidine-5′-squaryl ([18F]SqFLT) as a bioisostere to 3′-[18F]fluorothymidine-5′-monophosphate ([18F]FLTMP) for imaging thymidylate kinase (TMPK) activity. The overall radiochemical yield (RCY) was 6.7 ± 2.5% and radiochemical purity (RCP) was >90%. Biological evaluationin vitroshowed low tracer uptake (?1) but significantly discriminated between wildtype HCT116 and CRISPR/Cas9 generated TMPK knockdown HCT116shTMPK?. Evaluation of [18F]SqFLT in HCT116 and HCT116shTMPK?xenograft mouse models showed statistically significant differences in tumour uptake, but lacked an effective tissue retention mechanism, making the radiotracer in its current form unsuitable for PET imaging of proliferation.

Meteorite-catalyzed intermoleculartrans-glycosylation produces nucleosides under proton beam irradiation

Di-glycosylated adenines act as glycosyl donors in the intermoleculartrans-glycosylation of pyrimidine nucleobases under proton beam irradiation conditions. Formamide and chondrite meteorite NWA 1465 increased the yield and the selectivity of the reaction

SYNTHESIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF A NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE AS AN ANTI-CANCER AND ANTI-VIRAL DRUG

The invention is a drug for anticancer and antiviral therapy, comprising a nucleoside analogue (7) comprising a furan ring irreversibly bound to the RNA/DNA synthesis chain by phosphodiester bonds and having SP3 hybridization, and folic acid (A) bound to the nucleoside analogue (7) comprising furan ring. The synthesis method of the said nucleoside analogue is also contained within the scope of the invention. In this work, a nucleoside-analogue was transformed after converting the furan-ring hybridization from Sp2 to Sp3 to make it more selectivity with different enzymes and linking it via site 5 with the effective folic acid towards entering the substances inside the cells and to become the final compound possessing anti-cancer and anti- virus properties after controlling the replication and reproduction process in DNA.

MODIFIED OLIGOMERIC COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF

The present disclosure provides oligomeric compounds comprising a modified oligonucleotide having at least one stereo-non-standard nucleoside. An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 12-30 linked nucleosides, wherein at least one nucleoside of the modified oligonucleotide is a stereo-non-standard nucleoside; and wherein the oligomeric compound is selected from among an RNAi compound, a modified CRISPR compound, and an artificial mRNA compound.

Spacer-Mediated Control of Coumarin Uncaging for Photocaged Thymidine

Despite its importance in the design of photocaged molecules, less attention is focused on linker chemistry than the cage itself. Here, we describe unique uncaging properties displayed by two coumarin-caged thymidine compounds, each conjugated with (2) or without (1) an extended, self-immolative spacer. Photolysis of 1 using long-wavelength UVA (365 nm) or visible (420, 455 nm) light led to the release of free thymidine along with the competitive generation of a thymidine-bearing recombination product. The occurrence of this undesired side reaction, which is previously unreported, was not present with the photolysis of 2, which released thymidine exclusively with higher quantum efficiency. We propose that the spatial separation between the cage and the substrate molecule conferred by the extended linker can play a critical role in circumventing this unproductive reaction. This report reinforces the importance of linker selection in the design of coumarin-caged oligonucleosides and other conjugates.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Divergent synthesis of 5-substituted pyrimidine 2′-deoxynucleosides and their incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides for the survey of uracil DNA glycosylases

Recent studies have indicated that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) residues in DNA can be oxidized and potentially deaminated to the corresponding thymine analogs. Some of these oxidative DNA damages have been implicated as new epigenetic markers that could have profound influences on chromatin function as well as disease pathology. In response to oxidative damage, the cells have a complex network of repair systems that recognize, remove and rebuild the lesions. However, how the modified nucleobases are detected and repaired remains elusive, largely due to the limited availability of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing these novel DNA modifications. A concise and divergent synthetic strategy to 5mC derivatives has been developed. These derivatives were further elaborated to the corresponding phosphoramidites to enable the site-specific incorporation of modified nucleobases into ODNs using standard solid-phase DNA synthesis. The synthetic methodology, along with the panel of ODNs, is of great value to investigate the biological functions of epigenetically important nucleobases, and to elucidate the diversity in chemical lesion repair.

Radiosynthesis of [18F]-labelled pro-nucleotides (ProtIDes)

Phosphoramidate pro-nucleotides (ProTides) have revolutionized the field of anti-viral and anti-cancer nucleoside therapy, overcoming the major limitations of nucleoside therapies and achieving clinical and commercial success. Despite the translation of P

Thermodynamic Reaction Control of Nucleoside Phosphorolysis

Nucleoside analogs represent a class of important drugs for cancer and antiviral treatments. Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) catalyze the phosphorolysis of nucleosides and are widely employed for the synthesis of pentose-1-phosphates and nucleoside analogs, which are difficult to access via conventional synthetic methods. However, for the vast majority of nucleosides, it has been observed that either no or incomplete conversion of the starting materials is achieved in NPase-catalyzed reactions. For some substrates, it has been shown that these reactions are reversible equilibrium reactions that adhere to the law of mass action. In this contribution, we broadly demonstrate that nucleoside phosphorolysis is a thermodynamically controlled endothermic reaction that proceeds to a reaction equilibrium dictated by the substrate-specific equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis, irrespective of the type or amount of NPase used, as shown by several examples. Furthermore, we explored the temperature-dependency of nucleoside phosphorolysis equilibrium states and provide the apparent transformed reaction enthalpy and apparent transformed reaction entropy for 24 nucleosides, confirming that these conversions are thermodynamically controlled endothermic reactions. This data allows calculation of the Gibbs free energy and, consequently, the equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis at any given reaction temperature. Overall, our investigations revealed that pyrimidine nucleosides are generally more susceptible to phosphorolysis than purine nucleosides. The data disclosed in this work allow the accurate prediction of phosphorolysis or transglycosylation yields for a range of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and thus serve to empower further research in the field of nucleoside biocatalysis. (Figure presented.).