59-14-3 Usage
Description
5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine is a nitrate reductase inhibitor that prevents the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by inhibiting the enzyme nitrate reductase. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine is a genotoxic agent that has been shown to cause DNA damage and cell death in vitro. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine also binds to NMDA receptors and may be useful as a model system for studying neurodegenerative diseases.
Chemical Properties
White crystalline powder
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 59-14-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. A Thymidine analogue used as a mutagen in genetic research. Selectively incorporated into cellular DNA during S-phase
2. Research tool for measuring DNA synthesis.
3. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is a thymidine analog used to label DNA. It is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA in place of thymidine during the S phase of the cell cycle. Cells that were actively proliferating can then be detected by denaturing the DNA and allowing specific antibodies to target the BrdU incorporation. Consequently 5-BrdU is used to study cell signaling and other processes that induce cell proliferation.
Definition
ChEBI: A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-bromouracil as the nucleobase.
General Description
White crystalline powder.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Broxuridine may be heat and light sensitive. .
Health Hazard
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition Broxuridine emits very toxic fumes of bromide ion and NOx.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Broxuridine are not available; however, Broxuridine is probably combustible.
Biological Activity
5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-brdu) is an analog of thy that is incorporated into the dna of cells undergoing the s-phase and can be detected by monoclonal antibodies or polyclona111.
Biochem/physiol Actions
5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is used to analyze cell proliferation, because of its facile incorporation into DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle. BrdU stimulates cellular differentiation and maturation in leukemia cell lines, while it inhibits differentiation of friend erythroleukemia cells. Studies of BrdU incorporation often subsequently use BrdU-specific antibodies with fluorescent tags, for detection of the incorporated BrdU, via such methods as flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal,
and possibly other routes. Mildly toxic by
ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and
reproductive effects. Human mutation data
reported. When heated to decomposition it
emits very toxic fumes of Brand NOx
in vitro
the effect of 5-brdu on the proliferation was studied in the early phases of dedifferentiation of nicotiana glauca pith explants grown. it was found to be wholly inhibitory only when given during the first 72 h of culture, this inhibition being reversed by simultaneous addition of either deoxyeytidine or thymidine [1].
in vivo
young adult offspring mice were stained for 5-brdu using a monoclonal antibody and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. the distribution of immunoreactive nuclei was very similar to the previous [3h] thymidine data. the pattern of labelled nuclei at different embryonic ages followed the spatiotemporal gradients described for cortical and hippocampal neurogenesis. these data indicate that brdu can be used to map neuronal birthdates [2].
Purification Methods
Recrystallise the uridine from EtOH or 96% EtOH. It has max 279 nm at pH 7.0, and 279 nm (log 3.95) at pH 1.9. Its RF values are 0.49, 0.46 and 0.53 in n-BuOH/AcOH/H2O (4:1:1), n-BuOH/EtOH/H2O (40:11:19) and i-PrOH-25% aqueous NH3-H2O (7:1:1), respectively. [Nature 209 230 1966, Pryst.s & Sorm Collect Czech Chem Comm 29 2956 1964, Beilstein 24 III/IV 1234.]
references
[1] m. durante, c. geri, v. nuti-ronchi, g. martini, e. guillé, j. grisvard, l. giorgi, r. parenti, m. bulatti. inhibition of nicotiana glauca pich tissue proliferation through incorporation of 5-brdu into sna. cell differentiation, volume 6, issue 1, june 1977, pages 53-63[2] del rio ja, soriano e. immunocytochemical detection of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in the central nervous system of the mouse. brain res dev brain res. 1989 oct 1; 49 (2): 311-7.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 59-14-3 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 59-14:
(4*5)+(3*9)+(2*1)+(1*4)=53
53 % 10 = 3
So 59-14-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
59-14-3Relevant articles and documents
Thermodynamic Reaction Control of Nucleoside Phosphorolysis
Kaspar, Felix,Giessmann, Robert T.,Neubauer, Peter,Wagner, Anke,Gimpel, Matthias
supporting information, p. 867 - 876 (2020/01/24)
Nucleoside analogs represent a class of important drugs for cancer and antiviral treatments. Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) catalyze the phosphorolysis of nucleosides and are widely employed for the synthesis of pentose-1-phosphates and nucleoside analogs, which are difficult to access via conventional synthetic methods. However, for the vast majority of nucleosides, it has been observed that either no or incomplete conversion of the starting materials is achieved in NPase-catalyzed reactions. For some substrates, it has been shown that these reactions are reversible equilibrium reactions that adhere to the law of mass action. In this contribution, we broadly demonstrate that nucleoside phosphorolysis is a thermodynamically controlled endothermic reaction that proceeds to a reaction equilibrium dictated by the substrate-specific equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis, irrespective of the type or amount of NPase used, as shown by several examples. Furthermore, we explored the temperature-dependency of nucleoside phosphorolysis equilibrium states and provide the apparent transformed reaction enthalpy and apparent transformed reaction entropy for 24 nucleosides, confirming that these conversions are thermodynamically controlled endothermic reactions. This data allows calculation of the Gibbs free energy and, consequently, the equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis at any given reaction temperature. Overall, our investigations revealed that pyrimidine nucleosides are generally more susceptible to phosphorolysis than purine nucleosides. The data disclosed in this work allow the accurate prediction of phosphorolysis or transglycosylation yields for a range of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and thus serve to empower further research in the field of nucleoside biocatalysis. (Figure presented.).
Biotransformation of halogenated nucleosides by immobilized Lactobacillus animalis 2′-N-deoxyribosyltransferase
Britos, Claudia N.,Lapponi, María José,Cappa, Valeria A.,Rivero, Cintia W.,Trelles, Jorge A.
, p. 91 - 96 (2016/05/10)
An immobilized biocatalyst with 2′-N-deoxyribosyltransferase (NDT) activity, Lactobacillus animalis NDT (LaNDT), was developed from cell free extracts. LaNDT was purified, characterized and then immobilized by ionic interaction. Different process parameters were optimized, resulting in an active derivative (2.6 U/g) able to obtain 1.75 mg/g of 5-fluorouracil-2′-deoxyriboside, an antimetabolite known as floxuridine, used in gastrointestinal cancer treatment. Furthermore, immobilized LaNDT was satisfactorily used to obtain at short reaction times other halogenated pyrimidine and purine 2′-deoxynucleosides such as 6-chloropurine-2′-deoxyriboside (4.9 U/g), 6-bromopurine-2′-deoxyriboside (4.3 U/g), 6-chloro-2-fluoropurine-2′-deoxyriboside (5.4 U/g), 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (2.8 U/g) and 5-chloro-2′-deoxyuridine (1.8 U/g) compounds of pharmaceutical interest in antiviral or antitumor treatments. Besides, increasing the biocatalyst amount 8 times per volume unit allowed obtaining a 5-fold improvement in floxuridine biotransformation. The developed biocatalyst proved to be effective for the biosynthesis of a wide spectrum of nucleoside analogues by employing an economical, simple and environmentally friendly methodology.
An efficient and facile methodology for bromination of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides with sodium monobromoisocyanurate (SMBI)
Maity, Jyotirmoy,Stromberg, Roger
, p. 12740 - 12750 (2013/11/06)
An efficient and facile strategy has been developed for bromination of nucleosides using sodium monobromoisocyanurate (SMBI). Our methodology demonstrates bromination at the C-5 position of pyrimidine nucleosides and the C-8 position of purine nucleosides. Unprotected and also several protected nucleosides were brominated in moderate to high yields following this procedure.
