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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

First Aminocatalytic Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and DFT Studies on the Reaction Pathway

Abstract: Carbon–carbon bond-formation by aminocatalytic nucleophilic addition to aryl aldehyde ideally generates addition–elimination product. Here, we report an unexpected, yet efficient aminocatalytic nucleophilic addition of indole to aryl aldehydes t

Enzymatic approach to cascade synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes in pure water

A mild, efficient, and green protocol was developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes catalyzed by lipase TLIM through the cascade reactions of indole with aldehydes in pure water. This methodology offers many superiorities such as excellent yields, wide substrate range, simple procedure, reusable and minimal amount of catalyst, and the ability to be scaled up.

Preparation of choline sulfate ionic liquid supported on porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets by simple surface modification for enhanced catalytic properties

Supported ionic liquids (SILs) have attracted rising interest and the subject of active research in the last decades due to the diversified range of applications and yet reports on ILs is still rapidly increasing. This work reports a choline sulfate ionic liquid supported on fascinating and highly stable porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets as an inexpensive and an environmentally friendly reusable ionic catalyst in organic synthesis typically requiring a harmful organic solvent and highly toxic acids. g-C3N4?SO3Ch was prepared by mixing sulfonic acid functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4?SO3H) with choline hydroxide or via a novel approach. The introduction of a choline sulfate could significantly enlarge specific surface areas with rich reaction sites and suppressed the recombination of sheets. This work provides a new way to improve the chemical property of g-C3N4 along with the recyclability of the ionic liquid. g-C3N4?SO3Ch (IL/g-C3N4) offers an effective, reusable, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and low-cost catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones, 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4 (1H)-ones and bisindolylmethanes in good to excellent yields. The prepared catalyst synthesized compounds were well characterized by different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TGA.

Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives catalyzed by recyclable nano Fe3O4@ZrO2/SO42-

Background: Bis(indolyl)methane derivatives exhibit varied biological and pharmacological properties like fantibacterial and antiangiogenic activities, acting as cytotoxic agents and tumor growth inhibitors. Several approaches of bis(indolyl)methane synth

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative bis(indolyl)methanes synthesis with TFBen as the CO source

An efficient and convenient palladium-catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes has been established for the first time. With TFBen (benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate) as the solid CO source, aryl iodides and indoles were tr

Directly Bridging Indoles to 3,3′-Bisindolylmethanes by Using Carboxylic Acids and Hydrosilanes under Mild Conditions

A straightforward Lewis acid-promoted protocol for 3,3′-bisindolylmethanes (BIMs) synthesis by reductive alkylation of indoles at the C3 position with carboxylic acids in the presence of hydrosilane was developed for the first time. Instead of aldehydes, more readily available, stable, and easy-to-handle carboxylic acids have been employed as alternative alkylating agents. As an efficient organocatalyst, B(C6F5)3 enables the reductive alkylation of various substituted indole derivatives with carboxylic acids with up to 98 % yield at room temperature and under neat conditions. This metal-free strategy offers an alternative approach for the direct functionalization of indoles to BIMs with carboxylic acids and such protocol allows selective reduction of carboxylic acid to aldehyde in combination with C?C bond formation.

Utilization of flow chemistry in catalysis: New avenues for the selective synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes

Flow chemistry enables the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes from various indoles and structurally divergent aldehydes using Sc(OTf)3 catalysis. The reaction is regioselective for C-3 functionalization of the indoles, occurring over short reaction times allowing for rapid investigation of scope with straightforward work up facilitating product isolation.

Highly modulated bisindoles: ligands for copper-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction

Bisindoles (BIMs) were modulated as powerful N,N′ donor ligands for the copper-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction. Ligand screening experiments on 11 BIM compounds found that 3,3′-(4-chlorophenyl)methylenebis(1-methyl-1H-indole) (10%) efficiently accelerated CuCl (5%)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes. A wide range of substituted aryl iodides and/or alkyl- and aryl-substituted terminal alkynes were examined, leading to the corresponding coupling products with yields up to 99%. An efficient and scalable protocol for the synthesis of BIM ligands on a gram scale, with extremely low catalyst loading of o-ClC6H4NH3 +Cl?, was also developed with a reaction time of 20?min with yields up to 93%. This novel N,N′ ligand was air-stable, easily available and highly modulated with low copper loading. Copyright

Tunable titanocene lewis acid catalysts for selective friedel-crafts reaction of indoles and N-sulfonylaldimines

A newc strategy to control the selective Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles and imines under mild conditions was developed. Phenol derivatives were established as efficient ligands to finely tune the activity of titanocene dichloride. Cp2TiCl2 and phenol catalyzed the mono-Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles and N-sulfonyl aldimines with good yields (91 %), whereas o-aminophenol significantly enhanced the activity of the titanocene catalyst and promoted the synthesis of bisindole with excellent yields (98 %). The new organometallic Lewis acid catalysts are air-tolerant, can be used with low catalyst loading (3 mmol-%) and are compatible with -NO2, -F, -Cl, -Br, and -OMe (30 examples with yields from good to excellent). The titanocene catalysts were fully characterized by NMR and HRMS analysis. The results suggest that Cp2TiCl(OC6H5) (I) and Cp2TiCl(OC6H4NH3+Cl-) (II) were catalytic species for the mono- and double-Friedel-Crafts reactions, respectively. Distinguished from single functional acid catalysts I, catalyst II showed a catalytic cooperative effect of two acid components, which led to a fine tuning of the reactivity as well as to the selectivity of the desired reaction pathways. A Ti-catalyzed, highly selective Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles and imines has been developed. Cp2TiCl2 and phenol, with a single Lewis acid site, catalyzed the mono-Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles and N-sulfonylaldimines, whereas o-aminophenol enhanced the acidity of titancene catalyst, enabling both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites to promote the synthesis of bisindole.

Palladium(II) in electrophilic activation of aldehydes and enones: Efficient C-3 functionalization of indoles

The regioselective C-3 alkylation of indoles with aldehydes and enones as electrophiles is catalyzed by a d8 late transition metal complex PdCl2(MeCN)2 at room temperature in the presence of air/moisture and in the absence