51019-43-3Relevant articles and documents
Kaiser,Carson
, p. 2922,2923 (1964)
Penipyridones A-F, Pyridone Alkaloids from Penicillium funiculosum
Zhou, Haibo,Li, Liyuan,Wu, Chongming,Kurtán, Tibor,Mándi, Attila,Liu, Yankai,Gu, Qianqun,Zhu, Tianjiao,Guo, Peng,Li, Dehai
, p. 1783 - 1790 (2016/08/02)
Six new pyridone alkaloids, named penipyridones A-F (1-6), were isolated from the fermentation broth of an Antarctic moss-derived fungus, Penicillium funiculosum GWT2-24. Their structures were elucidated from extensive NMR and MS data. Although they possess the same major chromophore and some of them presented almost mirror ECD spectra, their absolute configurations were found to be uniformly S, as evidenced by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis, stereocontrolled total synthesis, and chemical conversions. TDDFT-ECD calculations of compounds 3 and 6 revealed that subtle conformational changes are responsible for the significantly different ECD curves. None of the compounds were cytotoxic (IC50 > 50 μM), while compounds 1, 2, 5, and 7 elicited lipid-lowering activity in HepG2 hepatocytes.
Stereochemically probing the photo-favorskii rearrangement: A mechanistic investigation
Givens, Richard S.,Rubina, Marina,Stensrud, Kenneth F.
, p. 1709 - 1717 (2013/03/28)
Using model (R)-2-acetyl-2-phenyl acetate esters of (S)- or (R)-α-substituted-p-hydroxybutyrophenones (S,R)-12a and (R,R)-12b, we have shown that a highly efficient photo-Favorskii rearrangement proceeds through a series of intermediates to form racemic rearrangement products. The stereogenic methine on the photoproduct, rac-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (rac-9), is formed by closure of a phenoxy-allyloxy intermediate 17 collapsing to a cyclopropanone, the Favorskii intermediate 18. These results quantify the intermediacy of a racemized triplet biradical 316 on the major rearrangement pathway elusively to the intermediate 18. Thus, intersystem crossing from the triplet biradical surface to the ground state generates a planar zwitterion prior to formation of a Favorskii cyclopropanone that retains no memory of its stereochemical origin. These results parallel the mechanism of Dewar and Bordwell for the ground state formation of cyclopropanone 3 that proceeds through an oxyallyl zwitterionic intermediate. The results are not consistent with the stereospecific SN2 ground state Favorskii mechanism observed by Stork, House, and Bernetti. Interconversion of the diastereomeric starting esters of (S,R)-12a and (R,R)-12b during photolysis did not occur, thus ruling out leaving group return prior to rearrangement.
