5649-79-6

Upstream product

• 159755-12-1 1-(1-bromoethyl)-4-methylbenzene 
• 622-97-9 1-ethenyl-4-methylbenzene 
• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 624-31-7 4-tolyl iodide 
• 106-38-7 para-bromotoluene 
• 95061-68-0 α-(trimethylsilyl)allyl alcohol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Photoredox-Catalysis-Modulated, Nickel-Catalyzed Divergent Difunctionalization of Ethylene

Divergent synthesis that enables a catalytic reaction to selectively produce different products from common substrates will allow the charting of wider chemical space and the unveiling of distinct mechanistic paradigms. A common strategy for it employs different ligands to modulate organometallic catalysts. Dramatic developments in photocatalysis have enabled previously inaccessible transformations. In particular, photoredox catalysis modulates the oxidation state of transition-metal complexes, offering enormous opportunities for methodology development. Herein, we developed a photo-mediated divergent ethylene difunctionalization via modulating oxidation states of the nickel catalyst by using different photoredox catalysts. This work will inspire new perspectives for value-added chemical synthesis using ethylene as a feedstock and shed light on photoredox-catalyst-based divergent synthesis, which fundamentally differs from ligand-controlled transition-metal catalysis.Divergent synthesis represents a powerful strategy for directly accessing different molecular scaffolds originating from the same starting materials. Access to different end products via transition-metal catalysis is conventionally achieved by ligand control. We herein demonstrate the use of ethylene feedstock and commercially available aryl halides to accomplish the divergent synthesis of 1,2-diarylethanes, 1,4-diarylbutanes, or 2,3-diarylbutanes in a highly selective fashion through the synergistic combination of nickel and photoredox catalysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that the observed selectivity was due to different active states of Ni(I) and Ni(0) modulated by Ru- and Ir-based photoredox catalysts, respectively. The ability to access different organometallic oxidation states via photoredox catalysis promises to inspire new perspectives for synergistic transition-metal-catalyzed divergent synthesis.Functionalization of ethylene without polymerization is challenging under photo-irradiation conditions. We have demonstrated that the photo-transformation of ethylene can be controllable by merging photoredox and transition-metal catalysis. In our study, the use of different photoredox catalysts was able to modulate the oxidation state of the nickel catalyst. Through different oxidation states, the nickel-catalyzed couplings proceeded via distinct pathways to generate divergent ethylene difunctionalization products selectively from the same feedstock.

[1,2]- and [1,4]-Wittig rearrangements of α-alkoxysilanes: Effect of substitutions at both the migrating benzylic carbon and the terminal sp2 carbon of the allyl moiety

Substituted a-alkoxysilanes can be deprotonated by alkyllithium bases and made to undergo Wittig rearrangements to afford the [1,4]- and [1,2]-rearranged products in varying ratios. Substitution at the benzylic migrating carbon and/or at the allylic carbon of the allyl moiety impacts the rearrangement reaction, influencing the reactivity as well as the [1,4]-/[1,2]-selectivity. Diastereomeric α-alkoxysilanes show different reactivities with the syn diastereomer being the more reactive isomer.

Mechanistic investigation of a novel vitamin B12-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, the reductive dimerization of arylalkenes

In the presence of catalytic vitamin B12 and a reducing agent such as Ti(III)citrate or Zn, arylalkenes are dimerized with unusual regioselectivity forming a carbon-carbon bond between the benzylic carbons of each coupling partner. Dimerization products were obtained in good to excellent yields for mono- and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Dienes containing one aryl alkene underwent intramolecular cyclization in good yields. However, 1,2-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes were unreactive. Mechanistic investigations using radical traps suggest the involvement of benzylic radicals, and the lack of diastereoselectivity in the product distribution is consistent with dimerization of two such reactive intermediates. A strong reducing agent is required for the reaction and fulfills two roles. It returns the Co(II) form of the catalyst generated after the reaction to the active Co(I) state, and by removing Co(II) it also prevents the nonproductive recombination of alkyl radicals with cob(II)alamin. The mechanism of the formation of benzylic radicals from arylalkenes and cob(I)alamin poses an interesting problem. The results with a one-electron transfer probe indicate that radical generation is not likely to involve an electron transfer. Several alternative mechanisms are discussed.

PHASE-TRANSFER CATALYSIS IN COBALT CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF SECONDARY BENZYL HALIDES

Application of the phase-transfer technique to the cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of secondary benzyl halides gives either monocarbonyl and double carbonyl insertion or coupling of organic halides as the major reaction, depending on the experimental conditions.Alcohols or ethers mainly give salts of carboxylic acids.Use of higher pressures of CO association with a hydrocarbon organic phase, favours coupling rather than carbonylation.A possible reaction mechanism is discussed.