5760-50-9Relevant articles and documents
Integrated extraction and catalytic upgrading of microalgae lipids in supercritical carbon dioxide
Zimmerer, Julia,Pingen, Dennis,Hess, Sandra K.,Koengeter, Tobias,Mecking, Stefan
supporting information, p. 2428 - 2435 (2019/05/21)
Fatty acids from microalgae are attractive compounds for catalytic upgrading to chemicals, but their extraction often requires multi-step procedures and the use of various organic solvents. To relieve this bottleneck, we propose a straightforward approach of combined extraction and catalytic functionalization via olefin cross-metathesis (ethenolysis and butenolysis) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). This is demonstrated for Phaeodactylum tricornutum microalgae biomass. ScCO2 at optimum conditions (90 °C, 620 atm, ρ(CO2) = 0.90 g mL-1) extracted the lipids selectively and quantitatively from previously disrupted cells, while organic solvent extraction for comparison additionally extracted polar diacylglycerides and chlorophylls. In a one-pot approach, olefin cross-metathesis of the unsaturated fatty acids (FA16:1, FA18:1 and FA20:5) by alkenolysis yielded the desirable mid-chain olefin and unsaturated ester products. The product spectrum compares to alkenolysis of individual model compounds in scCO2 as well as of separately scCO2 extracted microalgae oil. Both these ethenolysis and butenolysis proceed with conversions of more than 81% and high selectivities to the desired products. This biorefinery approach was further illustrated by the simultaneous extraction and catalytic isomerizing alkoxycarbonylation in scCO2.
Using N-nitrosodichloroacetamides to conveniently convert linear primary amines into alcohols
Macarthur, Nicholas S.,Wang, Linshu,Mccarthy, Blaine G.,Jakobsche, Charles E.
supporting information, p. 2014 - 2021 (2015/08/18)
The reported rearrangement of N-nitrosodichloroacetamides provides a practicalmethod for converting primary amines into primary alcohols. The reaction sequence is operationally simple, requires only a single purification, and is compatible with a number of common functional groups. Mechanistic studies of the nitrosylation and rearrangement reactions illustrate the increased utility of dichloroacetamides compared to various other amides for this transformation.
Chelating Ruthenium Phenolate Complexes: Synthesis, General Catalytic Activity, and Applications in Olefin Metathesis Polymerization
Koz?owska, Anna,Dranka, Maciej,Zachara, Janusz,Pump, Eva,Slugovc, Christian,Skowerski, Krzysztof,Grela, Karol
, p. 14120 - 14125 (2016/02/18)
Cyclic Ru-phenolates were synthesized, and these compounds were used as olefin metathesis catalysts. Investigation of their catalytic activity pointed out that, after activation with chemical agents, these catalysts promote ring-closing metathesis (RCM), enyne and cross-metathesis (CM) reactions, including butenolysis, with good results. Importantly, these latent catalysts are soluble in neat dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and show good applicability in ring-opening metathesis polymeriyation (ROMP) of this monomer. Olefin metathesis catalysis: Investigation of the catalytic activity of Ru phenolate catalysts pointed out that, after activation with chemical agents, these catalysts promote ring-closing metathesis (RCM), enyne, and cross-metathesis (CM) reactions, including butenolysis, with good results (see scheme, Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Cy=cyclohexyl). The phenolanate catalysts, well soluble in dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), also show good applicability in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of this monomer.
