57681-51-3

Upstream product

• 107-21-1 ethylene glycol 
• 123-76-2 levulinic acid 
• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 

Downstream Products

• 99859-86-6 N-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-oxopentamide 
• 109098-54-6 4-(4-oxopentanoylamino)benzoic acid 
• 23228-67-3 4-phenylhydrazono-valeric acid-(N'-phenyl-hydrazide) 
• 99859-25-3 levulinic acid-(4-bromo-anilide) 
• 100616-11-3 1-acetylamino-4-levulinoylamino-benzene 
• 23132-35-6 levulinanilide 
• 591-11-7 5-methyl-5H-furan-2-one 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 53380-17-9 4,4-diphenyl-valeric acid 
• 583-05-1 1-phenylpentane-1,4-dione 
• 108486-94-8 4-(4-hydroxyimino-valerylamino)-3-nitro-benzoic acid 
• 100379-32-6 4-acetylamino-1-levulinoylamino-2-nitro-benzene 
• 108483-12-1 4-levulinoylamino-3-nitro-benzoic acid 
• 100706-20-5 5-acetylamino-2-levulinoylamino-aniline 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Esterification and ketalization of levulinic acid with desilicated zeolite β and pseudo-homogeneous model for reaction kinetics

To maximize the production of esters (E), keto (K) and keto-ester (KE) by esterification and ketalization of levulinic acid (LA) has been reacted using diols such as 1,2-propane diol (PDOL),1,2-ethane diol (EDOL), and 1,2,3-propane triol or glycerol (TRIOL) with desilicated Hβ. This work aims to assess the conversion and selectivity for the production of esters using conventional and microwave-irradiated (MWI) reactors. Catalysts characterizations were performed using NH3-temperature programme desorption, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area (BET), Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and dynamic light scattering. Operating parameters such as reaction temperature (170–180°C), reaction time (20–80?min), feed composition (LA:PDOL/EDOL/TRIOL, 1:8/10/12), and microwave energy (300–500 watt) have been systematically investigated. Note that 99–100% conversion was achieved with the product selectivity of E (40%), K (30%), and KE (30%) with1,2-EDOL; E (56%), K (2%), and KE (17%) with 1,2-PDOL; E (69%), K(0%), and KE (22%) with TRIOL using D-Hβ as a solid catalyst in an MWI reactor. Reaction paths and kinetics were studied using pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model.

Catalytic oxidative C-C bond cleavage route of levulinic acid and methyl levulinate

Recently, obtaining value-added chemicals from biomass resources has attracted considerable attention. Levulinic acid is one of the most important biomass platform compounds, which could be obtained from carbohydrate biomass. In this work, levulinic acid was selectively converted into C4 product, including succinic anhydride, via catalytic oxidation with a manganese catalyst in acetic anhydride. Moreover, an unexpected product of maleic anhydride was obtained, which greatly differs from that of levulinate ester. The pathway for formation of maleic anhydride was studied by monitoring and confirming intermediates α-angelica lactone and its derivative 2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl acetate. Based on the obtained mechanistic information, the different behaviour between the oxidative cleavage of levulinic acid and levulinate ester was further discussed.