5870-49-5

Usage

Common use

Flavoring agent in food and beverages

Aroma

Buttery and creamy

Health concerns

Linked to respiratory issues and lung damage when inhaled in high concentrations

Specific lung disease

Bronchiolitis obliterans (popcorn lung)

Industrial exposure

Workers exposed to high levels in industrial settings are at risk

Industry response

Many companies have sought to limit or eliminate its use in their products

Upstream product

• 585-71-7 (1-bromoethyl)benzne 
• 93-91-4 1-phenylbutan-1,3-dione 
• 148868-88-6 (Z)-acetyloxy-1,3-diphenyl-1-butene 
• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 1533-20-6 1,3-diphenylbutane-1-one 
• 98-85-1 1-Phenylethanol 
• 4809-56-7 N-(1-phenylethyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide 
• 98-86-2 acetophenone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Monoallylation and benzylation of dicarbonyl compounds with alcohols catalysed by a cationic cobalt(iii) compound

Monoallylation and monoalkylation of diketones and β-keto esters with allylic and benzylic alcohols catalysed by [Cp*Co(CH3CN)3][SbF6]2(I) are reported. The method does not require any additive and affords regioselective products. The mechanistic investigations were done byin situ1H NMR spectroscopy as well as control experiments. It has been shown that reactions proceedviaη3-allyl complex formation or ally ether intermediate. The alkylation takes placeviaonly ether intermediate. The resulting allylated and alkylated products have been used for the synthesis of eleven new trisubstituted pyrazoles and one pyrazolone.

Graphene oxide catalyzed ketone α-alkylation with alkenes: Enhancement of graphene oxide activity by hydrogen bonding

Direct α-alkylation of carbonyl compounds represents a fundamental bond forming transformation in organic synthesis. We report the first ketone-alkylation using olefins and alcohols as simple alkylating agents catalyzed by graphene oxide. Extensive studies of the graphene surface suggest a pathway involving dual activation of both coupling partners. Notably, we show that polar functional groups have a stabilizing effect on the GO surface, which results in a net enhancement of the catalytic activity. The method represents the first alkylation of carbonyl compounds using graphenes, which opens the door for the development of an array of protocols for ketone functionalization employing common carbonyl building blocks and readily available graphenes.

Base-free benzylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using sulfamic acid supported on silica by linker: a combined experimental and theoretical approach

Abstract: Sulfamic acid stabilized on the surface of silica by the n-propyl organic group linker which is named silica-bonded N-propylsulfamic acid was applied as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst with good recyclability and reusability for direct benzylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using secondary aromatic alcohols or styrenes as alkylating agents in high yields and short reaction times. All the reactions were carried out in nitromethane as solvent under an air atmosphere. The catalyst showed reusable feature by six times without a significant loss in its activity. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Synthesis and structure of an air-stable bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium perfluorooctanesulfonate and its catalyzed benzylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives with alcohols

An air-stable uninuclear complex of bis(isopropylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium perfluorooctane sulfonate (1a·H2O·3THF) was successfully synthesized by the reaction of (i-PrCp)2ZrCl2 with C17SO3Ag. The c

Multimetallic Ir-Sn3-catalyzed substitution reaction of π-activated alcohols with carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles

An atom economic and catalytic substitution reaction of π-activated alcohols by a multimetallic IreSn3 complex has been demonstrated. The multimetallic IreSn3 complex can be easily synthesized from the reaction between [Cp*IrCl2]2 and SnCl2. In presence of as little as 1 mol % of the catalyst three different types of π-activated alcohols, namely benzyl, allyl, and propargyl alcohols, have been successfully transformed into alkylated products using carbon (arenes, heteroarenes, allyltrimethylsilane, and 1,3-dicarbonyls), nitrogen (sulfonamides), oxygen (alcohols), and sulfur (thiols) nucleophiles in very high yields. An electrophilic mechanism is proposed from the Hammett correlation study.

Yb(OTf)3-promoted effective benzylation and allylation with N-tosyl amino group as a stable leaving group

A simple, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient benzylation and allylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with sulfonamides in the presence of Yb(OTf)3 is described. Yb(OTf)3 was proved to be a good catalyst for the cleavage of sp3 carbon-nitrogen bond. Various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds can couple with a broad range of tosyl-activated benzylic and allylic amines to give diversely functionalized products in good to excellent yields.

Direct nucleophilic substitution reaction of alcohols mediated by a zinc-based ionic liquid

A zinc-based ionic liquid ([CHCl][ZnCl2]2) was found to be an excellent reaction medium for the direct nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols. The high conversion, high selectivity, easy separation procedure, catalyst reusability and no necessity of excessive nucleophiles make the chemical process cleaner. This reaction was believed to work through the carbocation mechanism and the existence of carbocation was detected by UV-vis spectroscopy. It was suggested that the hydroxyl group on the choline cation was the major inducement for the formation of special microstructures which could provide adequate stability for the carbocation in the reaction systems and increase the reactivity and selectivity.

Alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with benzylic and propargylic alcohols using Ir-Sn bimetallic catalyst: Synthesis of fully decorated furans and pyrroles

The heterobimetallic complex [Ir(COD)(SnCl3)Cl(μ-Cl)] 2 catalyzes the direct substitution of hydroxyl groups in benzylic and propargylic alcohols by 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety. In 4-hydroxycoumarin, benzylation and propargylation occurs at the 3-position. Selective propargylation or allenylation takes place depending on the nature of propargylic alcohol. By applying the methodology, multi-substituted furans and pyrroles have been synthesized in good yields.

Highly efficient microwave-assisted substitution of β-dicarbonyl compounds with secondary alcohols using fluoroboric acid as the catalyst

The microwave-assisted substitution of β-dicarbonyl compounds with secondary alcohols has been achieved efficiently, using very cheap fluoroboric acid (HBF4) as the catalyst. For various β-dicarbonyl compounds and a series of secondary alcohols

Triflic acid adsorbed on silica gel as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the addition of β-dicarbonyl compounds to alcohols and alkenes

The silica gel supported triflic acid was readily prepared via simple absorption of TfOH onto chromatographic silica gel. This solid acid was applied as an efficient catalyst for the heterogeneous addition of various β-dicarbonyl compounds to a series of alcohols and alkenes, which afforded moderate to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions or in nitromethane. Moreover, this silica gel supported catalyst surprisingly exhibited higher reaction yields in comparison with the homogeneous catalyst and can be readily recovered and reused up to 6 times with almost maintained reactivity and yields.