58920-80-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Sulfone–Metal Exchange and Alkylation of Sulfonylnitriles
Yang, Xun,Nath, Dinesh,Gau, Michael R.,Steward, Omar W.,Fleming, Fraser F.
, p. 7257 - 7260 (2017/06/13)
The first general sulfone–metal exchange is described. Treating substituted 2-pyridylsulfonylacetonitriles with either BuLi or Bu3MgLi generates metalated nitriles that efficiently intercept a variety of electrophiles to afford quaternary nitriles. The 2-pyridylsulfone is critical for the sulfone–metal exchange because chelation anchors the organometallic proximal to the electrophilic, tetrasubstituted sulfone to override complex-induced deprotonation. Alkylating commercial 2-pyridinesulfonylacetonitrile with mild bases, either K2CO3 or DBU, and subsequent sulfone–metal exchange and alkylation rapidly assembles quaternary nitriles by three alkylations, only one of which requires an organometallic reagent.
Chemoselective Alkylations with N- and C-Metalated Nitriles
Yang, Xun,Nath, Dinesh,Fleming, Fraser F.
supporting information, p. 4906 - 4909 (2015/10/12)
Metalated nitriles exhibit complementary chemoselectivities in electrophilic alkylations. N-Lithiated or C-magnesiated nitriles can be prepared from the same nitrile precursor and selectively reacted with a 1:1 mixture of methyl cyanoformate and benzyl br
Arylthio-metal exchange of α-arylthioalkanenitriles
Nath, Dinesh,Skilbeck, Melanie C.,Coldham, Iain,Fleming, Fraser F.
, p. 62 - 65 (2014/01/23)
The addition of BuLi, Bu3MgLi, Et2ZnBuLi, or Me 2CuLi to α-arylthioalkanenitriles triggers an arylthio-metal exchange. NMR spectroscopic analyses implicate organometallic attack on sulfur forming a three-coordinate sulfidate as the key intermediate. Electrophilic trapping affords tertiary and quaternary nitriles in high yield. The method addresses the challenge of improving the functional group tolerance and preventing polyalkylations.
C11/C9 helices in crystals of αβ hybrid peptides and switching structures between helix types by variation in the α-residue
Basuroy, Krishnayan,Karuppiah, Vasantham,Balaram, Padmanabhan
supporting information, p. 4614 - 4617 (2015/04/14)
Close-packed helices with mixed hydrogen bond directionality are unprecedented in the structural chemistry of α-polypeptides. While NMR studies in solution state provide strong evidence for the occurrence of mixed helices in (ββ)n and (αβ)
Sulfinylnitriles: Sulfinyl-metal exchange-alkylation strategies
Nath, Dinesh,Fleming, Fraser F.
supporting information, p. 2023 - 2029 (2013/03/14)
Adding organolithiums, Grignard reagents, or zincates to sulfinylnitriles triggers a facile sulfinyl-metal exchange to afford N- or C-metalated nitriles. Sulfinyl-magnesium exchange-alkylations efficiently install quaternary and tertiary centers, even in
The structural characterization of folded peptides containing the conformationally constrained β-amino acid residue β 2,2Ac6c
Basuroy, Krishnayan,Karuppiah, Vasantham,Shamala, Narayanaswamy,Balaram, Padmanabhan
, p. 2589 - 2603 (2013/03/13)
Backbone alkylation has been shown to result in a dramatic reduction in the conformational space that is sterically accessible to α-amino acid residues in peptides. By extension, the presence of geminal dialkyl substituents at backbone atoms also restricts available conformational space for β and γ residues. Five peptides containing the achiral β2,2- disubstituted β-amino acid residue, 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (β2,2Ac6c), have been structurally characterized in crystals by X-ray diffraction. The tripeptide Boc-Aib-β 2,2Ac6c-Aib-OMe (1) adopts a novel fold stabilized by two intramolecular H-bonds (C11 and C9) of opposite directionality. The tetrapeptide Boc-[Aib-β2,2Ac 6c]2-OMe (2) and pentapeptide Boc-[Aib-β 2,2Ac6c]2-Aib-OMe (3) form short stretches of a hybrid αβ C11 helix stabilized by two and three intramolecular H-bonds, respectively. The structure of the dipeptide Boc-Aib-β2,2Ac6c-OMe (5) does not reveal any intramolecular H-bond. The aggregation pattern in the crystal provides an example of an extended conformation of the β2,2Ac6c residue, forming a 'polar sheet' like H-bond. The protected derivative Ac-β2,2Ac6c-NHMe (4) adopts a locally folded gauche conformation about the Cβi?£?C α bonds (θ=-55.7°). Of the seven examples of β2,2Ac6c residues reported here, six adopt gauche conformations, a feature which promotes local folding when incorporated into peptides. A comparison between the conformational properties of β2,2Ac6c and β3,3Ac6c residues, in peptides, is presented. Backbone torsional parameters of H-bonded αβ/βα turns are derived from the structures presented in this study and earlier reports. Copyright
Nitrile alkylations through sulfinyl-metal exchange
Nath, Dinesh,Fleming, Fraser F.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 11790 - 11793 (2012/01/06)
Triple alkylation: Phenylsulfinyl- and phenylthioacetonitrile can function as trianion equivalents of acetonitrile by sequential alkylation and sulfinyl-metal exchange (see scheme; mCPBA=meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid). The metalated nitriles alkylate a range of electrophiles to obtain nitriles with quaternary centers. The sulfinyl-metal exchange proceeds under very mild conditions and has a high functional-group tolerance. Copyright
KHMDS enhanced SmI2-mediated reformatsky type α-cyanation
Ankner, Tobias,Friden-Saxin, Maria,Pemberton, Nils,Seifert, Tina,Grotli, Morten,Luthman, Kristina,Hilmersson, Goeran
supporting information; experimental part, p. 2210 - 2213 (2010/08/04)
A novel combination of SmI2, KHMDS, and TsCN can be utilized to introduce a cyano group into structurally diverse and highly sensitive 2-alkyl-chroman-4-ones. Subsequent oxidation allows the formed 2-alkyl-3-cyanochromones to be isolated in yields ranging from 49 to 77%. In addition, α-bromoketones and esters were found to undergo equally effective α-cyanation.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a novel, achiral series of TNF-α converting enzyme inhibitors
Gilmore, John L.,King, Bryan W.,Harris, Cathy,Maduskuie, Thomas,Mercer, Stephen E.,Liu, Rui-Qin,Covington, Maryanne B.,Qian, Mingxin,Ribadeneria, Maria D.,Vaddi, Krishna,Trzaskos, James M.,Newton, Robert C.,Decicco, Carl P.,Duan, James J.-W.
, p. 2699 - 2704 (2007/10/03)
A novel series of achiral TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors has been discovered. These compounds exhibited activities from 0.35 to 11 nM in a porcine TACE assay and inhibited TNF-α production in an LPS-stimulated whole blood assay with an IC5
Metalated nitriles: Organolithium, -magnesium? and -copper exchange of α-halonitriles
Fleming, Fraser F.,Zhang, Zhiyu,Liu, Wang,Knochel, Paul
, p. 2200 - 2205 (2007/10/03)
(Chemical Equation Presented) α-Halonitriles react with alkyllithium, organomagnesium, and lithium dimethylcuprate reagents generating reactive, metalated nitriles. The rapid halogen-metal exchange with alkyllithium and Grignard reagents allows selective exchange in the presence of reactive carbonyl electrophiles, including aldehydes, providing a high-yielding alkylation protocol. Lithiated and magnesiated nitriles react with propargyl bromide by SN2 displacement whereas organocopper nitriles react by S N2′ displacement, correlating with the formation of a C-metalated nitrile.
