596-51-0 Usage
Description
Glycopyrrolate is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs; Kis = 0.42, 1.77, 0.52, 0.78, and 1.29 nM for the M1-M5 receptors, respectively). It induces relaxation of precontracted isolated human bronchi when used at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM. Glycopyrrolate reduces post-prandial gastric antral motility in dogs when administered at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. It inhibits salivation in a rat model of sialorrhea induced by pilocarpine with an ED50 value of 0.74 μg/kg. Formulations containing glycopyrrolate have been used in the treatment of sialorrhea, peptic ulcers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Chemical Properties
White Solid
Originator
Robinul,Robins,US,1961
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 596-51-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Inhaled glycopyrrolate?of is used ?to treat air flow blockage and prevent worsening of chronic obstructive ?pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is a long-term lung disease that causes bronchospasm (difficulty with breathing).
2. For use as a preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, to reduce the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubat
3. A synthetic, quaternary ammonium anticholinergic. Antispasmodic; preanesthetic medicant.
Definition
ChEBI: A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.
Manufacturing Process
A mixture of 42.5 grams (0.17 mol) of methyl α-cyclopentyl mandelate and 18
grams (0.175 mol) of 1-methyl-3-pyrrolidinol in 500 ml of heptane was
refluxed under a Dean and Stark moisture trap, with the addition of four 0.1
gram pieces of sodium at 1-hour intervals. After 5 hours' refluxing the
solution was concentrated to one-half volume, and extracted with cold 3N HCl.
The acid extract was made alkaline with aqueous sodium hydroxide and
extracted with ether which was washed, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered
and concentrated. The residue was fractionated at reduced pressure. Yield 33
grams (64%); BP 151° to 154°C/0.2 mm, nD23= 1.5265.
The hydrochloride salt was precipitated as an oil from an ethereal solution of
the base with ethereal hydrogen chloride. It was crystallized from butanone;
MP 170° to 171.5°C.
The methyl bromide quaternary was prepared by saturating a solution of the
base in dry ethyl acetate with methyl bromide. After standing for 9 days the resulting crystalline solid was filtered and recrystallized from butanone and
from ethyl acetate; MP 193° to 194.5°C.
Brand name
Robinul (Baxter Healthcare); Robinul (Sciele).
Therapeutic Function
Spasmolytic
General Description
Glycopyrrolate, 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide -cyclopentylmandelate(Robinul), occurs as a white, crystalline powder that is solublein water or alcohol but practically insoluble in chloroformor ether.Glycopyrrolate is a typical anticholinergic and possesses,at adequate dosage levels, the atropine-like effectscharacteristic of this class of drugs. It has a spasmolyticeffect on the musculature of the GI tract as well as the genitourinarytract. It diminishes gastric and pancreatic secretionsand the quantity of perspiration and saliva. Its sideeffects are also typically atropine-like (i.e., dryness of themouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, constipation).Glycopyrrolate is a more potent antagonist on M1 than onM2 and M3 receptors. The low affinity of M2 receptorsmay, in part, explain the low incidence of tachycardiaduring use of this drug as an antispasmodic.77 Because ofits quaternary ammonium character, glycopyrrolate rarelycauses CNS disturbances, although in sufficiently highdosage, it can bring about ganglionic and myoneural junctionblock.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Glycopyrrolate is long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). It is kinetically selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist.
Mechanism of action
Glycopyrrolate exhibits onset of action within 1 minute when given intravenously and an elimination half-life of approximately 50 minutes. Glycopyrrolate undergoes urinary excretion and elimination.
Clinical Use
Glycopyrrolate is used as an adjunct in the management of pepticulcer and other GI ailments associated with hyperacidity,hypermotility, and spasm. In common with other anticholinergics,its use does not preclude dietary restrictions or use ofantacids and sedatives if these are indicated.
Side effects
dry mouthblurred visionvision problemsloss of tasteheadachenervousnessconfusiondrowsiness
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic
by ingestion and subcutaneous routes.
Experimental reproductive effects. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of NOx and Br-. See also BROMIDES.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Glycopyrrolate injection is approved for use in dogs and cats. The
FDA approved
indication for these species is as a preanesthetic anticholinergic
agent. The drug is also used to treat sinus bradycardia,
sinoatrial arrest, and incomplete AV block, where anticholinergic
therapy may be beneficial. When cholinergic agents such as neostigmine
or pyridostigmine are used to reverse neuromuscular
blockade
due to non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, glycopyrrolate may
be administered simultaneously
to prevent the peripheral muscarinic
effects of the cholinergic agent.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 596-51-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,9 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 596-51:
(5*5)+(4*9)+(3*6)+(2*5)+(1*1)=90
90 % 10 = 0
So 596-51-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H30NO3.BrH/c1-21(2)13-12-18(15-21)24-19(22)14-20(23,17-10-6-7-11-17)16-8-4-3-5-9-16;/h3-5,8-9,17-18,23H,6-7,10-15H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
596-51-0Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis process of glycopyrronium bromide
-
Paragraph 0092-0094, (2021/10/02)
The invention discloses a synthesis process of a glycopyrronium bromide bulk drug, and the process comprises the following steps: carrying out hydroxyl protection on an a-cyclopentyl mandelic acid compound by using a dihydropyran compound, carrying out esterification reaction, removing a protecting group, and finally carrying out quaternization reaction to obtain glycopyrronium bromide. The method is mild in reaction condition, does not need to introduce a large amount of auxiliaries and solvents, conforms to the green chemistry principle, and is suitable for industrialization.
A preparation method of the glycopyrrolate
-
Paragraph 0041; 0046, (2018/04/26)
The invention discloses a method for preparation of glycopyrrolate, firstly the α - cyclopentyl mandelic acid for benzyl protected hydroxy, then the conventional method and 1 - methyl - 3 - pyrrolidinol esterification of key intermediate pyrrolidinol ester; in the middle of the invention supplies the key under the condition of Pd/C debenzylation, finally methyl bromide quaternary ammonium formation salting out the solid filter and get the glycopyrrolate crude, refined is obtained when the location of the qualified products. In order to prevent the occurrence of side reactions, the method of using very low cost introduced into hydroxyl protective agent benzyl, greatly improves the yield, simplifying the post-treatment, reduces the amount of waste water. The method of the invention with the production operation is simple, the production cost is low, raw materials are easy, high yield, low pollution and the like, the resulting product in accordance with the pharmaceutical quality standards.
Discovery of Novel Potent Muscarinic M3 Receptor Antagonists with Proper Plasma Stability by Structural Recombination of Marketed M3 Antagonists
Xiang, Zuojuan,Liu, Jun,Sun, Hongbin,Wen, Xiaoan
, p. 1173 - 1182 (2017/08/15)
The marketed long-acting M3 antagonists for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have inappropriate plasma stability (either overstable or excessively unstable), which causes substantial systemic exposure or poor patient compliance. To discover novel M3 antagonists with proper plasma stability, we synthesized and biologically evaluated a series of chiral quaternary ammonium salts of pyrrolidinol esters, which were designed by structural recombination of the marketed M3 antagonists. As a result, two novel potent M3 antagonists, (R/S)-3-[2-hydroxy-2,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)acetoxy]-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromides (1 a: Ki=0.16 nm, IC50=0.38 nm, t1/2=9.34 min; 1 b: Ki=0.32 nm, IC50=1.01 nm, t1/2=19.2 min) with proper plasma stability were identified, which (particularly 1 a) hold great promise as clinical drug candidates to overcome the drawbacks caused by the inappropriate stability of the currently marketed M3 antagonists. In addition, structure–activity relationship studies revealed that the R configuration of the pyrrolidinyl C3 atom was clearly better than the S configuration.
