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Basic Information

Molecular Structure:
CAS No.:	596-51-0
Name:	Glycopyrrolate
Article Data:	7
Cas Database

Formula:	C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃
Molecular Weight:	398.34
Synonyms:	3-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidiniumbromide a-cyclopentylmandelate (6CI,7CI);Pyrrolidinium, 3-[(cyclopentylhydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy]-1,1-dimethyl-, bromide(9CI);Pyrrolidinium, 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-, bromide, a-cyclopentylmandelate (8CI);1,1-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidinium bromide a-cyclopentylmandelate;AHR-504;Asecryl;Copyrrolate;Gastrodyn;Glycopyrrolate bromide;Glycopyrronium bromide;Nodapton;Robanul;Robinul;Tarodyl;Tarodyn;b-1-Methyl-3-pyrrolidyl-a-cyclopentylmandelatemethobromide;
EINECS:	209-887-0
Density:	1.3222 (rough estimate)
Melting Point:	193 - 194.5oC
Appearance:	White crystalline powder
Hazard Symbols:	Xi
Risk Codes:	36/37/38
Safety:	26
PSA:	46.53000
LogP:	-0.58090

Synthetic route

: 74-83-9
methyl bromide

: 13118-11-1
3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyloxy)-1-methylpyrrolidine

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In butanone at 20℃; Cooling with ice;	22%
In acetonitrile at -10 - 20℃; for 12h;	144 g
In chloroform; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 72h;

: 13220-33-2
1-methyl-3-pyrrolidinol

: 427-49-6
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole / toluene / 0.5 h / 20 °C 1.2: 20 °C 2.1: butanone / 20 °C / Cooling with ice View Scheme

: 427-49-6
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: sodium hydroxide / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 1 h / 60 °C 1.2: 3 h / 110 °C 2.1: sulfuric acid / tetrahydrofuran / 70 °C 3.1: palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / methanol / 3 h / 25 °C 4.1: acetonitrile / 12 h / -10 - 20 °C View Scheme

: C20H22O3

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: sulfuric acid / tetrahydrofuran / 70 °C 2: palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / methanol / 3 h / 25 °C 3: acetonitrile / 12 h / -10 - 20 °C View Scheme

: 25726-04-9
phenylglyoxylyl chloride

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 12.25 h / 0 - 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme

: 611-73-4
Benzoylformic acid

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; dmap / dichloromethane / 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme

: 13220-33-2
1-methyl-3-pyrrolidinol

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; dmap / dichloromethane / 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; dmap / dichloromethane / 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 10.33 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 12.25 h / 0 - 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme

: 2-cyclopentyl-2-oxoacetyl chloride

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 10.33 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme

: 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl 2-cyclopentyl-2-oxoacetate

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 1.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme

: 5763-56-4
2-Cyclopentyl-2-oxoacetic acid

: 596-51-0
glycopyrronium bromide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; dmap / dichloromethane / 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: magnesium / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2.2: 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: acetonitrile; chloroform / 72 h / 20 °C View Scheme

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Chemistry

Molecular Structure of Glycopyrrolate (CAS NO.596-51-0):

IUPAC Name: (1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-3-yl) 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate bromide
Molecular Formula: C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃
Molecular Weight: 398.334520 g/mol
ACD/LogP: 0.38
of Rule of 5 Violations: 0
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.38
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.38
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.15
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.15
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 38.39
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 38.39
H bond acceptors: 4
H bond donors: 1
Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
Polar Surface Area: 35.53Å²
EINECS: 209-887-0
Classification Code: Adjuvants, anesthesia; Anticholinergic; Central Nervous System Agents; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Antagonists; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Muscarinic antagonists; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reproductive Effect
InChI
InChI=1/C19H28NO3.BrH/c1-20(2)13-12-17(14-20)23-18(21)19(22,16-10-6-7-11-16)15-8-4-3-5-9-15;/h3-5,8-9,16-17,22H,6-7,10-14H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Smiles
C1([C@@](c2ccccc2)(C(O[C@@H]2C[N+](C)(C)CC2)=O)O)CCCC1.[BrH-]

Toxicity Data With Reference

1.	ipr-rat LD50:196 mg/kg	TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 17 (1970),361.
2.	scu-rat LD50:833 mg/kg	NIIRDN “Drugs in Japan. Ethical Drugs, 6th Edition 1982” Edited by Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center. 6 (1982),349.
3.	orl-mus LD50:570 mg/kg	JMPCAS Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2 (1960),523.
4.	ipr-mus LD50:90 mg/kg	JMPCAS Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2 (1960),523.
5.	scu-mus LD50:122 mg/kg	YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 26 (1975),741.
6.	ivn-mus LD50:15 mg/kg	29ZVAB Handbook of Analytical Toxicology ,Sunshine, I., ed.,Cleveland, OH.: Chemical Rubber Co.,1969,55.
7.	orl-rbt LD50:2360 mg/kg	OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. 7 (1973),627.
8.	ivn-rbt LD50:29,100 µg/kg	OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. 7 (1973),627.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NO_x and Br⁻. See also BROMIDES.

Specification

Glycopyrrolate , with CAS number of 596-51-0, can be called 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidiniumbromidealpha-cyclopentylmandelate ; 1-methyl-3-pyrrolidylalpha-phenylcyclopentaneglycolatemethobromide ; ahr504;asecryl;gastrodyn ; glycopyrrolatebromide ; nodapton ; pyrrolidinium,1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-, bromide, alpha-cyclopentylmandelate . Glycopyrrolate (CAS NO.596-51-0) has some side effects as a medicine such as fever, heat stroke in hot environments, dry mouth, difficulty urinating, headaches, diarrhea and constipation. Glycopyrrolate (CAS NO.596-51-0) is a medicine used for treating stomach ulcers, asthma, COPD and hyperhidrosis. It is also used to reduce excessive saliva. In anesthesia, glycopyrrolate injection can be used as a preoperative medication to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, as well as decreasing the acidity of gastric secretion. It is also used to prevent neostigmine's muscarinic effects in combination with neostigmine.