598-81-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
(R)-(+)-Lactamide is used as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, contributing to the development of new drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its chiral nature allows for the creation of enantiomerically pure compounds, which is crucial for ensuring the desired therapeutic effects and minimizing potential side effects.
Used in Agrochemical Industry:
(R)-(+)-Lactamide is utilized as a building block in the production of agrochemicals, aiding in the development of effective and targeted crop protection products. Its role in this industry highlights its versatility and applicability in different sectors.
Used in Polymer Industry:
(R)-(+)-Lactamide is employed in the synthesis of polymers, where it contributes to the creation of materials with specific properties tailored for various applications, such as coatings, adhesives, or fibers.
Used as a Solvent:
(R)-(+)-Lactamide is used as a solvent in various chemical processes, taking advantage of its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, which facilitates reactions and improves process efficiency.
Used as an Intermediate in Chemical Synthesis:
(R)-(+)-Lactamide serves as an intermediate in the production of fine chemicals, where it is transformed into other compounds that find use in various industries, including fragrances, flavors, and specialty chemicals.
Given its low toxicity, (R)-(+)-Lactamide has found a broad range of applications in the chemical industry, making it a valuable component in the development of new products and processes.

InChI:InChI=1/C3H7NO2/c1-2(5)3(4)6/h2,5H,1H3,(H2,4,6)/t2-/m1/s1

Upstream product

• 617-57-2 2-(2-hydroxy-1-oxopropoxy)propionic acid 
• 78-97-7 2-hydroxy-propionitrile 
• 64589-53-3 O-acetyl-lactic acid acetylamide 
• 7664-41-7 ammonia 
• 95-96-5 D,L-lactide 
• 13372-32-2 5-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-dioxolane 
• 4158-85-4 2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one 
• 52046-55-6 2,N-dihydroxy-propionamidine 
• 7782-77-6 cis-nitrous acid 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 79-06-1 2-propenamide 
• 17392-83-5 (R)-Methyl lactate 
• 849585-22-4 LACTIC ACID 
• 91-22-5 quinoline 

Downstream Products

• 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 
• 6336-49-8 lactic acid hydroxymethylamide 
• 16400-62-7 2-n-Hexyl-5-methyl-oxazol 
• 539-08-2 p-Lactophenetide 
• 57-13-6 urea 
• 41249-43-8 8-benzyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4,8-diaza-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one 
• 65298-14-8 2r-(2,6-dichloro-phenyl)-5c-methyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 65298-14-8 2r-(2,6-dichloro-phenyl)-5t-methyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 42463-59-2 5c-methyl-2r-phenyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 42463-59-2 5t-methyl-2r-phenyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 65298-12-6 2r-(3,5-dichloro-phenyl)-5c-methyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 65298-12-6 2r-(3,5-dichloro-phenyl)-5t-methyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 65298-18-2 2r-(1-chloro-2-phenyl-vinyl)-5c-methyl-oxazolidin-4-one 
• 65298-18-2 2r-(1-chloro-2-phenyl-vinyl)-5t-methyl-oxazolidin-4-one 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Unusual ammonolysis of a secondary amide assisted by unsubstituted vicinal amide group

Evidence for the participation of neighboring -CONH2 group in the ammonolysis of disubstituted amide was obtained. The surprising conversion of 1 into 3 in very mild conditions is a process formed by two consecutive first order reactions. Kinetics were performed in ethanol at various temperatures and NH3 concentrations. The ammonolysis of the isolated intermediate 2 allowed the unambiguous attribution of k1 and k2 to steps 1 → 2 and 2 → 3, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters of activation for both steps of the process were evaluated.

Hydration of Cyanohydrins by Highly Active Cationic Pt Catalysts: Mechanism and Scope

Cyanohydrins (α-hydroxy nitriles) are a special type of nitriles that readily decompose into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and the corresponding carbonyl compounds. Hydration of cyanohydrins that are readily available through cyanation of aldehydes and ketones provides the most straightforward route to valuable α-hydroxyamides. However, due to low stability of cyanohydrins and deactivation of the catalysts by the released HCN, catalytic direct hydration of cyanohydrins still remains largely unsolved. As a general trend, cyanohydrins containing bulkier substituents, such as α,α-diaryl cyanohydrins, degrade more quickly and thus are more difficult to be hydrated. Here, we report development of cationic platinum catalysts that exhibit high reactivity for hydration of various cyanohydrins. Detailed mechanistic investigations for hydration of nitriles by (PμP)Pt(PR2OH)X(OTf) reveal a catalytic cycle involving the formation of a five-membered metallacyclic intermediate and subsequent hydrolysis via attacking on the phosphorus of the secondary phosphine oxide (PR2OH) ligand by H2O. We discovered that Pt catalyst A bearing the electron-rich, appropriately small-bite-angle bisphosphine ligand provides super reactivity for hydration of cyanohydrins. The hydration reactions catalyzed by A proceed at ambient temperatures and occur with a wide variety of cyanohydrins, including the most difficult α,α-diaryl cyanohydrins, with good turnover numbers.

Catalyst, preparation method thereof and preparation method of amide compound

The invention relates to a catalyst, a preparation method thereof, and a preparation method for hydrating nitrile groups into amides. The catalyst is used for catalyzing nitrile groups to be hydratedinto amides, and the structural general formula of the catalyst is shown in the specification. In the formula, a plurality of R are respectively and independently ones selected from aromatic groups, heteroaromatic groups and non-aromatic ring groups; a plurality of R are ones respectively and independently selected from linear alkyl groups and alkane aromatic groups; X is one selected from Cl and Br; and L is one selected from OTf, BF4, PF6 and SbF6. The catalyst can catalyze nitrile groups to be hydrated into amides, and the nitrile groups can be catalyzed to be hydrated into amides even at a low temperature (20-80 DEG C); besides, compared with existing common catalysts for catalyzing nitrile groups to be hydrated into amides, the catalyst has the advantages that the equivalent weight of the catalyst can be obviously reduced, and nitrile groups can reach a relatively high conversion rate when the equivalent weight of the catalyst is only 0.01 mol%-0.5 mol%; and meanwhile, the catalyst is wider in application range and can catalyze various nitrile compounds to be hydrated into amide compounds.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Amino Acids by Amination of Bio-Derived Hydroxy Acids with Ammonia over Ru Supported on N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes

The amino acids have extensive applications, and their productions from biomass-derived feedstocks are very attractive. In this work, the synthesis of amino acids by amination of bio-derived hydroxy acids with ammonia over different metallic nano-catalysts supported on various supports is studied. It is found that Ru nano-catalysts on the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Ru/N?CNTs) have an outstanding performance for the reaction. Different hydroxy acids can be catalytically converted into the corresponding amino acids with yields up to 70.0 % under mild conditions, which is higher than those reported. The reasons for the high efficiency of the catalyst are investigated, and the reaction pathway is proposed on the basis of control experiments.

Promotion of catalytic properties of vanillin loaded MCM-41 by Cu(I) and Cu(II) for enhanced removal of quinoline contaminants

In the present study, to enhance removal of quinoline contaminants using natural active component, vanillin was loaded onto the MCM-41 (Mobile Component Material) nanoparticles in a simple way. The product was divided into two parts, which were improved by Copper(I) and Copper(II) salts. Promoted synthetic nanocatalysts (Cu(I)/Van./MCM-41, and Cu(II)/Van./MCM-41) were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Mapping, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and BET/BJH (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH)) techniques. To reach optimal conditions, experimental design was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experiments were done with the aid of nanocomposites, in presence of ultraviolet radiation without any auxiliary oxidants. Degradation percentages were measured by an Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer. The products were identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass (GC-Mass) technique, and some mechanisms for quinoline removal were proposed. The results indicated that Cu (I) showed better performance in enhanced removal of quinoline than Cu(II).

Catalytic Transfer Hydration of Cyanohydrins to α-Hydroxyamides

We report the palladium(II)-catalyzed transfer hydration of cyanohydrins to α-hydroxyamides by using carboxamides as water donors. This method enables selective hydration of various aldehyde- and ketone-derived cyanohydrins to afford α-mono- and α,α-disubstituted-α-hydroxyamides, respectively, under mild conditions (50 °C, 10 min). The direct conversion of fenofibrate, a drug bearing a benzophenone moiety, into a functionalized α,α-diaryl-α-hydroxyamide was achieved by means of a hydrocyanation-transfer hydration sequence. Preliminary kinetic studies and the synthesis of a site-specifically 18O-labeled α-hydroxyamide demonstrated the carbonyl oxygen transfer from the carboxamide reagent into the α-hydroxyamide product.

Highly Active Platinum Catalysts for Nitrile and Cyanohydrin Hydration: Catalyst Design and Ligand Screening via High-Throughput Techniques

Nitrile hydration provides access to amides that are indispensable to researchers in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Prohibiting the use of this venerable reaction, however, are (1) the dearth of biphasic catalysts that can effectively hydrate nitriles at ambient temperatures with high turnover numbers and (2) the unsolved challenge of hydrating cyanohydrins. Herein, we report the design of new "donor-acceptor"-type platinum catalysts by precisely arranging electron-rich and electron-deficient ligands trans to one other, thereby enhancing both the nucleophilicity of the hydroxyl group and the electrophilicity of the nitrile group. Leveraging a high-throughput, automated workflow and evaluating a library of bidentate ligands, we have discovered that commercially available, inexpensive DPPF [1,1′-ferrocenendiyl-bis(diphenylphosphine)] provides superior reactivity. The corresponding "donor-acceptor"-type catalyst 2a is readily prepared from (DPPF)PtCl2, PMe2OH, and AgOTf. The enhanced activity of 2a permits the hydration of a wide range of nitriles and cyanohydrins to proceed at 40 °C with excellent turnover numbers. Rational reevaluation of the ligand structure has led to the discovery of modified catalyst 2c, harboring the more electron-rich 1,1′-bis[bis(5-methyl-2-furanyl)phosphino] ferrocene ligand, which demonstrates the highest activity toward hydration of nitriles and cyanohydrins at room temperature. Finally, the correlation between the electron-donating ability of the phosphine ligands with catalyst efficiencies of 2a, 2c, 2d, and 2e in the hydration of nitrile 7 are examined, and the results support the "donor-acceptor" hypothesis.

Photoiodocarboxylation of Activated C=C Double Bonds with CO2 and Lithium Iodide

The photolysis at 254 nm of lithium iodide and olefins 1 carrying an electron-withdrawing Z-substituent in CO2-saturated (1 bar) anhydrous acetonitrile at room temperature produces the atom efficient and transition metal-free photoiodocarboxylation of the C=C double bond. The reaction proceeds well for terminal olefins 1 to form the new C-I and C-C σ-bonds at the α and β-positions of the Z-substituent, respectively, and is strongly inhibited by polar protic solvents or additives. The experimental results suggest that the reaction channels through the radical anion [CO2?-] in acetonitrile, yet involves different intermediates in aqueous medium. The stabilizing ion-quadrupole and electron donor-acceptor interactions of CO2 with the iodide anion play a crucial role in the reaction course as they allow CO2 to penetrate the solvation shell of the anion in acetonitrile, but not in water. The reaction paths and the reactive intermediates involved under different conditions are discussed.

Improving the efficiency of Fenton reactions and their application in the degradation of benzimidazole in wastewater

Reducing the quantity of sludge produced in Fenton reactions can be partly achieved by improving their efficiency. This paper firstly studies the effect of uniform deceleration feeding (ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide) on the efficiency of a Fenton reaction by measuring the yield of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. The dynamic behavior of OH was also investigated. The results indicated that uniform deceleration feeding was the best feeding method compared with one-time feeding and uniform feeding methods when the same amount of Fenton reagents and the same reaction times were used. Besides, it was found the COD removal rate reached 79.3% when this method was applied to degrade 2-(a-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole (HEBZ); this COD removal rate is larger than those when the other two modes were used (they reached 60.7% and 72.1%, respectively). The degradation pathway of HEBZ was determined using PL, UV-vis, FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS. Ultimately, HEBZ was decomposed into three small molecules (2-hydroxypropylamine, oxalic acid, and 2-hydroxypropamide). This research is of great significance for the application of Fenton reactions in wastewater treatment.

Condensation of vilsmeier salts, derived from tetraalkylureas, with α-hydroxy amide derivatives: One-pot approach to synthesize 2-dialkylamino-2-oxazolin-4-ones

A novel and straightforward synthetic protocol was developed to synthesize 2-dialkylamino-2-oxazolin-4-ones from various Vilsmeier salts and α-hydroxy amides derivatives. Notably, thozalinone (3a), as a mild stimulant in tristimania and anorexic, could be synthesized simply and in a high yield using this methodology.