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7664-41-7

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7664-41-7 Usage

Chemical Description

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Description of 7664-41-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ammonia and trimethylamine are both amines, while bensaldehyde is an aldehyde.
2. Ammonia is a common reagent used in the preparation of ammonium salts of the dithiophosphoric acids.
3. Ammonia is used to precipitate 3,6-dichloro-4,5-diphenylpyridazine.

Safety Profile

A human poison by anunspecified route. Poison experimentally by inhalation. Aneye, mucous membrane, and systemic irritant byinhalation. Mutation data reported. A common aircontaminant. Difficult to ignite. Explosion hazard whenexposed to flame or in

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 7664-41-7 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,6 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7664-41:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*6)+(3*4)+(2*4)+(1*1)=117
117 % 10 = 7
So 7664-41-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/H3N/h1H3

7664-41-7 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (A1884)  Ammonia (ca. 4% in Methanol, ca. 2.0mol/L)  

  • 7664-41-7

  • 500mL

  • 845.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (A2236)  Ammonia (ca. 4% in Ethanol, ca. 2.0mol/L)  

  • 7664-41-7

  • 500mL

  • 860.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (A2237)  Ammonia (ca. 4% in Isopropyl Alcohol, ca. 2.0mol/L)  

  • 7664-41-7

  • 500mL

  • 860.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (H27080)  Ammonia, 2M in methanol   

  • 7664-41-7

  • 100ml

  • 483.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (H27080)  Ammonia, 2M in methanol   

  • 7664-41-7

  • 1000ml

  • 2353.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (407666)  Ammoniasolution  0.5 M in dioxane

  • 7664-41-7

  • 407666-100ML

  • 950.04CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (407666)  Ammoniasolution  0.5 M in dioxane

  • 7664-41-7

  • 407666-800ML

  • 3,280.68CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (392685)  Ammoniasolution  2.0 M in ethanol

  • 7664-41-7

  • 392685-100ML

  • 642.33CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (392685)  Ammoniasolution  2.0 M in ethanol

  • 7664-41-7

  • 392685-800ML

  • 2,698.02CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (392693)  Ammoniasolution  2.0 M in isopropanol

  • 7664-41-7

  • 392693-100ML

  • 724.23CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (392693)  Ammoniasolution  2.0 M in isopropanol

  • 7664-41-7

  • 392693-800ML

  • 2,951.91CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (718939)  Ammoniasolution  0.4 M in THF

  • 7664-41-7

  • 718939-100ML

  • 1,026.09CNY

  • Detail

7664-41-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Ammonia

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Ammonia

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Inorganic substances
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:7664-41-7 SDS

7664-41-7Synthetic route

nitric acid
7697-37-2

nitric acid

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water Electrolysis; Cu-cathode, in presence of H2SO4;;100%
With aluminium In water at elevated pressure;;0%
With aluminium In water only small amounts of NH3 in dild. HNO3 (5%-20%) at atmospheric pressure;;
barium cyanide

barium cyanide

A

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

B

barium(II) hydroxide

barium(II) hydroxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water byproducts: CO; heating with H2O vapour to 300°C;A 100%
B n/a
With H2O
cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H2Me3-2,4,6)(C2H4)(PMe2Ph)2][BF4]
180893-21-4

cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H2Me3-2,4,6)(C2H4)(PMe2Ph)2][BF4]

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With KOH In methanol byproducts: 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine; N2-atmosphere; excess KOH, stirring at room temp. for 1 h; collection of pyridine derivative (cold trap), colorimetry of NH3;100%
cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H4OMe-4)(C2H4)(PMe2Ph)2][ClO4] * 0.5(CH2Cl2)

cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H4OMe-4)(C2H4)(PMe2Ph)2][ClO4] * 0.5(CH2Cl2)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With KOH In methanol byproducts: 4-methoxypyridine; N2-atmosphere; excess KOH, stirring at room temp. for 1 h; collection of pyridine derivative (cold trap), colorimetry of NH3;100%
C10H15NO9

C10H15NO9

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Alkaline conditions;100%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen In water at 200℃; Catalytic behavior; Temperature; Flow reactor; Inert atmosphere;A 100%
B 100%
(methyl)3boron*NH3

(methyl)3boron*NH3

A

trimethylborane
593-90-8

trimethylborane

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 130.0°C, 74.1 Torr equilibrium;A 99.6%
B 99.6%
at 130.0°C, 74.1 Torr equilibrium;A 99.6%
B 99.6%
at 54.8°C, 57.6 Torr equilibrium;A 90.8%
B 90.8%
at 54.8°C, 57.6 Torr equilibrium;A 90.8%
B 90.8%
trans-[W(NNH2)(OSO2CF3)(PMe2Ph)4](OSO2CF3)

trans-[W(NNH2)(OSO2CF3)(PMe2Ph)4](OSO2CF3)

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

A

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

B

hydrazine
302-01-2

hydrazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With [(C5H5)Mo(S2CH2)(S)(SH)Mo(C5H5)](OSO2CF3) In tetrahydrofuran Schlenk techniques; 10 equiv. of Mo complex in THF stirred at 25°C for 5 min under N2; N2 replaced by 1 atm of H2; W complex added portionwise; stirred at 25°C for 24 h and then at 55°C for 24 h; evapd. under reduced pressure; distillate trapped in dilute H2SO4 soln.;residue extd. with H2O, treated with activated charcoal, filtered throu gh Celite;A 99%
B 1%
hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

nitrogen(II) oxide
10102-43-9

nitrogen(II) oxide

Nitrogen dioxide
10102-44-0

Nitrogen dioxide

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With catalyst: Ni(2+)Y zeolite In neat (no solvent) reduction of very dild. mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (300°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);99%
With catalyst: industrial nickel methanation catalyst In neat (no solvent) reduction of very dild. mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (300°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);99%
With catalyst: phthalocyanineNiY zeolite In neat (no solvent) reduction of very dild. mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (230°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);94%
With catalyst: NiY zeolite In neat (no solvent) reduction of very dild. mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (450°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);84%
trans-bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]bis(dinitrogen)tungsten(0)

trans-bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]bis(dinitrogen)tungsten(0)

[(η5-C5H5)Mo(μ2-S2CH2)(μ-S)(μ-SH)Mo(η5-C5H5)](OSO2CF3)

[(η5-C5H5)Mo(μ2-S2CH2)(μ-S)(μ-SH)Mo(η5-C5H5)](OSO2CF3)

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

A

[(η5-C5H5)Mo(μ2-S2CH2)(μ-S)2Mo(η5-C5H5)]

[(η5-C5H5)Mo(μ2-S2CH2)(μ-S)2Mo(η5-C5H5)]

trans-bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]hydrazido(triflato)tungsten triflate

trans-bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]hydrazido(triflato)tungsten triflate

C

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran Schlenk techniques; 2 equiv. of Mo complex in THF stirred at 25°Cfor 5 min under N2; N2 replaced by 1 atm of H2; W complex added portion wise; stirred at 25°C for 1 h; solvent removed under vac.; dissolved in THF-d8; not isolated; detd. by NMR spectra;A 84%
B 99%
C 0%
Co(C5H4CO2)2(1-)*NH4(1+)*3H2O=[Co(C5H4CO2)2]NH4*3H2O

Co(C5H4CO2)2(1-)*NH4(1+)*3H2O=[Co(C5H4CO2)2]NH4*3H2O

A

Co(III)(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)
232598-14-0

Co(III)(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

C

water
7732-18-5

water

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) heated at 373 K for 1 h; XRD;A 99%
B n/a
C n/a
Co(C5H4CO2)2(1-)*NH4(1+)*3.5H2O=[Co(C5H4CO2)2]NH4*3.5H2O

Co(C5H4CO2)2(1-)*NH4(1+)*3.5H2O=[Co(C5H4CO2)2]NH4*3.5H2O

A

Co(III)(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)
232598-14-0

Co(III)(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

C

water
7732-18-5

water

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) heated at 373 K for 1 h; XRD;A 99%
B n/a
C n/a
[molybdenum(nitride)(iodide)(2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine)]

[molybdenum(nitride)(iodide)(2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine)]

ethylene glycol
107-21-1

ethylene glycol

A

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

B

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With samarium diiodide bis(tetrahydrofuran) In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Glovebox;A 99%
B 47%
nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Casale method; at 450-500°C; space velocity 16000-25000; contact time 13.5-19 sec;98.7%
With catalsyt: Fe-Al-cyanides Mont-Cenis method; very pure reactants used; at 90-100 atm, 350-430°C; deep cooling;98%
Casale method; at 450-500°C; space velocity 16000-25000; contact time 13.5-19 sec;98.7%
hydrazine
302-01-2

hydrazine

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(WC5(CH3)5(CH3)3NH2NH2)(1+) In tetrahydrofuran room temp.; N2 atm., 2 equiv of N2H4;; dependence of yield from aded equiv of N2H4;;98%
(MoC5(CH3)5(CH3)3NH2NH2)(1+) In tetrahydrofuran room temp.; N2 atm., 2 equiv of N2H4;; dependence of yield from added equiv of N2H4;;95%
W(η5-C5Me5)Me3(NNH2) In tetrahydrofuran room temp.; N2 atm., 3 equiv of N2H4;; dependence of yield from added equiv of N2H4;;84%
[Cp*Fe(μ-η2:η2-benzene-1,2-dithiolate)(μ-NH2)FeCp*][BPh4]

[Cp*Fe(μ-η2:η2-benzene-1,2-dithiolate)(μ-NH2)FeCp*][BPh4]

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With cobaltocene; water In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst;98%
1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid
70458-96-7

1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid

A

formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

C

6-fluoro-7-amino-1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
75001-63-7

6-fluoro-7-amino-1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium permanganate; cetyltrimethylammonim bromide; acetic acid In water; acetonitrile at 24.84℃; Kinetics; Catalytic behavior; Mechanism; Thermodynamic data; Activation energy; Temperature; Concentration; Solvent; UV-irradiation;A n/a
B n/a
C 98%
hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

nitrogen(II) oxide
10102-43-9

nitrogen(II) oxide

Nitrogen dioxide
10102-44-0

Nitrogen dioxide

A

nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With catalyst: industrial nickel methanation catalyst In neat (no solvent) reduction of mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (pretreated in H2 at 550°C, 200°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);A 96%
B 0%
With catalyst: industrial nickel methanation catalyst In neat (no solvent) reduction of mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (pretreated in H2 at 300°C, 200°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);A 92.5%
B 7.5%
With catalyst: industrial nickel methanation catalyst In neat (no solvent) reduction of mixt. of NO/NO2 in gas mixt. of N2/H2 on zeolite catalyst (pretreated in H2 at 300°C, 150°C reaction temp.); gas chromy. (dimethylsulfolane coated diatomite);A 91%
B 0%
C88H109Cl2Fe4K2N10

C88H109Cl2Fe4K2N10

water
7732-18-5

water

A

C44H56Fe2N4O2

C44H56Fe2N4O2

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran at -96 - 20℃;A n/a
B 96%
sodium azide

sodium azide

A

nitrogen

nitrogen

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

C

hydrazine
302-01-2

hydrazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; tin(ll) chloride In waterA n/a
B 94%
C 0%
With HCl; SnCl2 In waterA n/a
B 94%
C 0%
nitrogen(II) oxide
10102-43-9

nitrogen(II) oxide

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen at 700°C, with 3% Pd;94%
With hydrogen at 400°C, with 3% Pd;83%
With hydrogen at 600°C, with 3% Pd;78%
cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H4OMe-4)(CO)(PMe2Ph)2][ClO4]
225245-55-6

cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H4OMe-4)(CO)(PMe2Ph)2][ClO4]

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With KOH In methanol byproducts: 4-methoxypyridine; N2-atmosphere; excess KOH, stirring at room temp. for 1 h; collection of pyridine derivative (cold trap), colorimetry of NH3;94%
cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H2Me3-2,4,6)(CO)(PMe2Ph)2][BF4]
180893-19-0

cis,trans-[WCl2(NNC5H2Me3-2,4,6)(CO)(PMe2Ph)2][BF4]

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With KOH In methanol byproducts: 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine; N2-atmosphere; excess KOH, stirring at room temp. for 1 h; collection of pyridine derivative (cold trap), colorimetry of NH3;94%
magnesium silicide

magnesium silicide

ammonium chloride

ammonium chloride

silicon nitride

silicon nitride

B

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

C

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

D

magnesium chloride
7786-30-3

magnesium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) High Pressure; mixed, sealed in autoclave under Ar, heated at 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C for 10 h; washed with water, dried in vac. at 70 °C for 12 h; powder XRD;A 93%
B n/a
C n/a
D n/a
(WC5(CH3)5(CH3)3NH2NH2)(1+)*(OSO2CF3)(1-)

(WC5(CH3)5(CH3)3NH2NH2)(1+)*(OSO2CF3)(1-)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With CoCp; 2,6-lutidine hydrochloride In tetrahydrofuran THF, room temp., N2 atm.; 12 equiv of CoCp2 and 16 equiv of lutidine hydrichloride; mixt. was stirred for approx. 15 h;; The ammonia was quantified by the indophenol method;;92%
{W(η5-C5Me5)Me3(η1-NNH2)}

{W(η5-C5Me5)Me3(η1-NNH2)}

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With zinc amalgam; 2,6-lutidinium chloride; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, zinc amalgam and proton source in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;92%
With Zn#Hg; H2; HCl In tetrahydrofuran nitrogen atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, Zn#Hg and proton source in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;71%
With zinc amalgam; phenol; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, zinc amalgam and proton source in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;65%
With zinc amalgam; 2,3,5-triisopropylbenzenethiol; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, zinc amalgam and proton source in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;60%
{W(η5-C5Me5)Me3(η2-NH2NH2)}(OSO2CF3)

{W(η5-C5Me5)Me3(η2-NH2NH2)}(OSO2CF3)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With cobaltocene; 2,6-lutidinium chloride; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, cobaltocene and 2,6-lutidinium chloride in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;92%
With zinc amalgam; 2,6-lutidinium chloride; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, zinc amalgam and 2,6-lutidinium chloride in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;91%
With zinc amalgam; phenol; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, zinc amalgam and phenol in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;88%
With zinc amalgam; H2; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, zinc amalgam and hydrogen as proton source in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;57%
With SnCl2; 2,6-lutidinium chloride; HCl In tetrahydrofuran inert atmosphere; cold (-40°C) THF addn. to mixt. of W-complex, SnCl2 and 2,6-lutidinium chloride in Schlenk flask, stirring vigorously, soln. allowing to stand ca. 20 h at 25°C; HCl addn., solvent removal (vac.), residue treating with NaOH soln. in closed system under argon and soln. distn. into H2SO4 soln., or residue extn. with H2O, soln. filtration (Millipore); chem. anal.;45%
cis,mer-[WBr2(NNC5H4OMe-4)(PMe2Ph)3][PF6]
225245-35-2

cis,mer-[WBr2(NNC5H4OMe-4)(PMe2Ph)3][PF6]

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With KOH In methanol byproducts: 4-methoxypyridine; N2-atmosphere; excess KOH, stirring at room temp. for 1 h; collection of pyridine derivative (cold trap), colorimetry of NH3;92%
nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate

2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II); [Mo(N)Cl(bis(di-tert-butylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine)] In toluene at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 20h; Schlenk technique;92%
With bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II); C25H44I3MoN2P2 In toluene at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Schlenk technique;82%
With bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II); C40H65FeMoN7P2*C4H10O In toluene at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 20h; Glovebox; Schlenk technique;
With bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II); [molybdenum(iodide)3(2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine)] In toluene at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 20h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Concentration; Glovebox; Schlenk technique;91 %Spectr.
With bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chromium; C21H41Cl3MoN3P2 In toluene at 20℃; for 19h;
(η5-C5Me4SiMe3)2Ti(Cl)NH2

(η5-C5Me4SiMe3)2Ti(Cl)NH2

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With (η5-C5Me5)Rh(2-pyridylphenyl)H In tetrahydrofuran at 23℃; under 3040.2 Torr; for 120h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;92%
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Cu[Au(CN)2]2(NH3)4

Cu[Au(CN)2]2(NH3)4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Product distribution / selectivity;100%
sodium hypochlorite
7681-52-9

sodium hypochlorite

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

ammonium chloride
12125-02-9

ammonium chloride

chloroamine
12190-75-9

chloroamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at -11 - -8℃; pH=~ 10;100%
In water at -15 - -7℃; pH=~ 10; Product distribution / selectivity;100%
In diethyl ether; water at -20 - -10℃; for 0.5h;
ammonium carbonate

ammonium carbonate

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium carbonate
497-19-8

sodium carbonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;100%
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;100%
nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

benzene
71-43-2

benzene

hydrogen cyanide
74-90-8

hydrogen cyanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With catalyst: Pt-oxide at 1000°C;100%
platinum at 1000°C;100%
platinum at 800°C;62.8%
With catalyst: Pt-oxide at 800°C;62.8%
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

rubidium

rubidium

rubidium amide

rubidium amide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ammonia byproducts: H2; react. of Rb in liq. NH3 at room temp. for 6-10 h;;100%
In ammonia byproducts: H2; NH3 (liquid); react. of Rb in liq. NH3 at room temp. for 6-10 h;;100%
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

ytterbium

ytterbium

ytterbium(II) amide

ytterbium(II) amide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Autoclave; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;100%
at 50℃; for 72h; Autoclave; High pressure;56%
In neat (no solvent) Yb dissolved in liq. ammonia; soln. left to stand at 273 K for 1-12 h; ppt.;
In ammonia NH3 (liquid); (N2); Yb dissolved in liquid NH3;; soln. stand at 273 K; ppt.; ammonia removed; XRD;
tetrachlorosilane
10026-04-7, 53609-55-5

tetrachlorosilane

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

silicon nitride

silicon nitride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Prepd. by laser chemical vapor pptn. at atmospheric pressure.;100%
In gas under Ar, in a low-pressure flow reactor;
thin film deposited on SiO2 substrate at 500-900 K, 1-10 Torr; AFM;
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Dichlorosilane
4109-96-0

Dichlorosilane

silicon nitride

silicon nitride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Prepd. by laser chemical vapor pptn. at atmospheric pressure.;100%
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; under Ar, in a low-pressure flow reactor at various condns.;
low pressure chemical vapor deposition at 820 °C;
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

oxygen
80937-33-3

oxygen

A

nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

B

nitrogen(II) oxide
10102-43-9

nitrogen(II) oxide

C

dinitrogen monoxide
10024-97-2

dinitrogen monoxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen In neat (no solvent) Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by ion exchange and heat-treated at 400, 425or 450 °C, 100 % NH3 conversion, 100 % N2 selectivity, 1000 ppm NH3 in 2 % O2-contg. He;A 100%
B 0%
C 0%
With catalyst:Fe-mordenite In neat (no solvent) Fe-mordenite catalyst prepared by ion exchange and heat-treated at 425 °C, 92 % NH3 conversion, 99 % N2 selectivity, 1000 ppm NH3 in 2 %O2-contg. He;A 92%
B n/a
C 0%
With catalyst:Fe-ZSM-5 In neat (no solvent) Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst prepared by ion exchange and heat-treated at 375 °C, 90 % NH3 conversion, 99 % N2 selectivity, 1000 ppm NH3 in 2 % O2-contg. He;A 90%
B n/a
C 0%
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

Conditions
ConditionsYield
byproducts: N2; red heat;100%
decompn., heated porcelain pipe, 1100.degreeC;75.7%
With catalyst: Ru/SiC In gas Kinetics; byproducts: N2; NH3 decompd. in integrated ceramic microreactor at 450-1000°C; analyzed by gas chromatograph (Porapak N, TCD detector);
phosphorus(V) nitride

phosphorus(V) nitride

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

phosphorus(V) nitride imide
22722-08-3

phosphorus(V) nitride imide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) 550°C, p(NH3)=6 kbar, 14 d; elem. anal.;100%
In neat (no solvent) heating (10-250 atm NH3, 870°C, several days);
hydriodic acid
7782-68-5

hydriodic acid

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

ammonium dihydrogen trisiodate

ammonium dihydrogen trisiodate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water by evapn. soln. of 3 mol HIO3 + 1 mol NH3;100%
In water by evapn. soln. of 3 mol HIO3 + 1 mol NH3;100%
In water concd. HIO3 soln. (50%);
In water concd. HIO3 soln. (50%);
rubidium hydride

rubidium hydride

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

rubidium amide
12141-27-4

rubidium amide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ammonia byproducts: H2; pressure: 1 atm (min.);;100%
In ammonia byproducts: H2; NH3 (liquid); pressure: 1 atm (min.);;100%
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; react. of RbH and gaseous NH3 at ambient temp.;;
{NiCl2(Tri-{n-butyl}-phosphin)2}
19615-74-8, 30759-83-2, 15274-43-8, 16610-41-6

{NiCl2(Tri-{n-butyl}-phosphin)2}

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

hexaamminenickel (II) chloride

hexaamminenickel (II) chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether; ammonia byproducts: PBu3; absence of moisture; condensation of liquid NH3 into Ni-complex soln. (in ether), stirring (2 h); evapn. of NH3, filtration, distn. off of ether;100%
sulfur
10544-50-0

sulfur

sodium tetrahydroborate
16940-66-2

sodium tetrahydroborate

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

ammonia borane complex
10043-11-5

ammonia borane complex

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ammonia to NaBH4 in a flask at -40°C NH3 is condensed, then slowly S8 isadded (5 h), to the mixt. (after 3 h) CH2Cl2 is added, then the mixt. is warmed to room temp.; residue is extd. with CH2Cl2, the soln. is evapd., elem. anal.;100%
triisopropylborane
1776-66-5

triisopropylborane

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

triisopropylborane-ammonia (1/1)

triisopropylborane-ammonia (1/1)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) to triisopropyl borane added NH3 with vigorous stirring and cooling under dry Ar; mixt. stirred for 3 h; NMR;100%
bis(triphenylphosphine)dithiocyanatonickel(II)

bis(triphenylphosphine)dithiocyanatonickel(II)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

nickel(II) thiocyanate * 4 NH3

nickel(II) thiocyanate * 4 NH3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether; ammonia byproducts: PPh3; absence of moisture; condensation of liquid NH3 into Ni-complex soln. (in ether), stirring (2 h); evapn. of NH3, filtration, distn. off of ether;100%
bis(2,4-pentanedionato)diaquonickel(II)

bis(2,4-pentanedionato)diaquonickel(II)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

nickel(II) bis(acetylacetonate) diamine

nickel(II) bis(acetylacetonate) diamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In benzene byproducts: H2O;100%
With sodium hydroxide In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; keeping in dry NH3 atmosphere in the presence of NaOH to remove H2O;
dibromobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II)
36673-36-6, 111408-20-9, 14126-37-5, 54053-52-0

dibromobis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

hexaamminenickel(II) bromide

hexaamminenickel(II) bromide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether; ammonia byproducts: PPh3; absence of moisture; condensation of liquid NH3 into Ni-complex soln. (in ether), stirring (2 h); evapn. of NH3, filtration, distn. off of ether;100%
bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) diiodide
787624-20-8, 14057-03-5

bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) diiodide

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

hexamminenickel(II) iodide

hexamminenickel(II) iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether; ammonia byproducts: PPh3; absence of moisture; condensation of liquid NH3 into Ni-complex soln. (in ether), stirring (2 h); evapn. of NH3, filtration, distn. off of ether;100%
bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride
14264-16-5, 53996-95-5, 62075-39-2, 39716-73-9

bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

hexaamminenickel (II) chloride

hexaamminenickel (II) chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether; ammonia byproducts: PPh3; absence of moisture; condensation of liquid NH3 into Ni-complex soln. (in ether), stirring (2 h); evapn. of NH3, filtration, distn. off of ether;100%
S-(1-ferrocenylethyl)thioglycolic acid

S-(1-ferrocenylethyl)thioglycolic acid

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

1-ferrocenylethylamine
1085568-96-2

1-ferrocenylethylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium chloride; mercury dichloride In ammonia room temp.;100%
With HgCl2; NH4Cl In ammonia aq. ammonia=NH3; room temp.;100%
ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

{Coa6}{Co(CO)4}2

{Coa6}{Co(CO)4}2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In petroleum ether 709mg Co2(CO)8 in 20ml petroleum ether are treated with NH3;;100%
In not given
In water byproducts: H2O; NH3 reacts with intermediates;;
mesitylcopper(I)
75732-01-3

mesitylcopper(I)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

A

amino-copper
77590-45-5

amino-copper

B

1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene
108-67-8

1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran THF, ambient temp., excess of NH3;; evapd. or filtered; elem. anal.;;A n/a
B 100%
tris(trimethylsilyl)aluminium * Et2O
65343-66-0

tris(trimethylsilyl)aluminium * Et2O

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

{((CH3)3Si)2AlNH2}2
111290-98-3

{((CH3)3Si)2AlNH2}2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: (CH3)3SiH, (C2H5)2O; evacuating Schlenk vessel loaded with ((CH3)3Si)3Al*(C2H5)2O (glovebag, N2-atmosphere); condensing NH3 into flask at -196°C; warming slowly to room temp. (vigorous react.); stirring at 25°C for 48 h;; pptn.; removing volatile byproducts into trap cooled to -196°C; elem. anal.;;100%
undecacarbonyl(acetonitrile)triosmium
133869-39-3, 65702-94-5

undecacarbonyl(acetonitrile)triosmium

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Os3(CO)11(NH3)
170212-37-0, 74344-99-3

Os3(CO)11(NH3)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) NH3-atmosphere; 80°C (24 h);100%
Os3(CO)11(C2H4)
65772-73-8

Os3(CO)11(C2H4)

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

Os3(CO)11(NH3)
170212-37-0, 74344-99-3

Os3(CO)11(NH3)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) NH3-atmosphere; 80°C (24 h);100%

7664-41-7Relevant articles and documents

Modulating Single-Atom Palladium Sites with Copper for Enhanced Ambient Ammonia Electrosynthesis

Cheng, Hao,Han, Lili,Lin, Lili,Liu, Xijun,Luo, Jun,Ou, Pengfei,Ren, Zhouhong,Rui, Ning,Song, Jun,Sun, Jiaqiang,Xin, Huolin L.,Zhuo, Longchao

, p. 345 - 350 (2021)

The electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 is emerging as a promising alternative for sustainable and distributed production of NH3. However, the development has been impeded by difficulties in N2 adsorption, protonation of *NN, and inhibition of competing hydrogen evolution. To address the issues, we design a catalyst with diatomic Pd-Cu sites on N-doped carbon by modulation of single-atom Pd sites with Cu. The introduction of Cu not only shifts the partial density of states of Pd toward the Fermi level but also promotes the d-2π* coupling between Pd and adsorbed N2, leading to enhanced chemisorption and activated protonation of N2, and suppressed hydrogen evolution. As a result, the catalyst achieves a high Faradaic efficiency of 24.8±0.8 % and a desirable NH3 yield rate of 69.2±2.5 μg h?1 mgcat.?1, far outperforming the individual single-atom Pd catalyst. This work paves a pathway of engineering single-atom-based electrocatalysts for enhanced ammonia electrosynthesis.

Efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrate to nitrogen on tin cathode at very high cathodic potentials

Katsounaros,Ipsakis,Polatides,Kyriacou

, p. 1329 - 1338 (2006)

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate on tin cathode at very high cathodic potentials was studied in 0.1 M K2SO4, 0.05 M KNO3 electrolyte. A high rate of nitrate reduction (0.206 mmol min-1 cm-2) and a high selectivity (%S) of nitrogen (92%) was obtained at -2.9 V versus Ag/AgCl. The main by-products were ammonia (8%) and nitrite (2O and traces of NO were also detected. As the cathodic potential increases, the %S of nitrogen increases, while that of ammonia displays a maximum at -2.2 V. The %S of nitrite decreases from 65% at -1.8 V to A cathodic corrosion of tin was observed, which was more intensive in the absence of nitrate. At potentials more negative than -2.4 V, small amounts of tin hydride were detected.

Synthesis, Pharmacological, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Furoyl-Based MIF-1 Peptidomimetics and the Development of a General-Purpose Model for Allosteric Modulators (ALLOPTML)

Sampaio-Dias, Ivo E.,Rodríguez-Borges, José E.,Yá?ez-Pérez, Víctor,Arrasate, Sonia,Llorente, Javier,Brea, José M.,Bediaga, Harbil,Vin?, Dolores,Loza, Mariá Isabel,Caaman?, Olga,Garciá-Mera, Xerardo,González-Diáz, Humberto

, p. 203 - 215 (2021)

This work describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-furoyl-based Melanostatin (MIF-1) peptidomimetics as dopamine D2 modulating agents. Eight novel peptidomimetics were tested for their ability to enhance the maximal effect of tritiated N-propylapomorphine ([3H]-NPA) at D2 receptors (D2R). In this series, 2-furoyl-l-leucylglycinamide (6a) produced a statistically significant increase in the maximal [3H]-NPA response at 10 pM (11 ± 1%), comparable to the effect of MIF-1 (18 ± 9%) at the same concentration. This result supports previous evidence that the replacement of proline residue by heteroaromatic scaffolds are tolerated at the allosteric binding site of MIF-1. Biological assays performed for peptidomimetic 6a using cortex neurons from 19-day-old Wistar-Kyoto rat embryos suggest that 6a displays no neurotoxicity up to 100 μM. Overall, the pharmacological and toxicological profile and the structural simplicity of 6a makes this peptidomimetic a potential lead compound for further development and optimization, paving the way for the development of novel modulating agents of D2R suitable for the treatment of CNS-related diseases. Additionally, the pharmacological and biological data herein reported, along with >20a000 outcomes of preclinical assays, was used to seek a general model to predict the allosteric modulatory potential of molecular candidates for a myriad of target receptors, organisms, cell lines, and biological activity parameters based on perturbation theory (PT) ideas and machine learning (ML) techniques, abbreviated as ALLOPTML. By doing so, ALLOPTML shows high specificity Sp = 89.2/89.4%, sensitivity Sn = 71.3/72.2%, and accuracy Ac = 86.1%/86.4% in training/validation series, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, ALLOPTML is the first general-purpose chemoinformatic tool using a PTML-based model for the multioutput and multicondition prediction of allosteric compounds, which is expected to save both time and resources during the early drug discovery of allosteric modulators.

Cerium and tin oxides anchored onto reduced graphene oxide for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperatures

Wang, Yanli,Kang, Ying,Ge, Meng,Zhang, Xiu,Zhan, Liang

, p. 36383 - 36391 (2018)

A series of cerium and tin oxides anchored on reduced graphene oxide (CeO2-SnOx/rGO) catalysts are synthesized using a hydrothermal method and their catalytic activities are investigated by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 in the temperature range of 120-280 °C. The results indicate that the CeO2-SnOx/rGO catalyst shows high SCR activity and high selectivity to N2 in the temperature range of 120-280 °C. The catalyst with a mass ratio of (Ce + Sn)/GO = 3.9 exhibits NO conversion of about 86% at 160 °C, above 97% NO conversion at temperatures of 200-280 °C and higher than 95% N2 selectivity at 120-280 °C. In addition, the catalyst presents a certain SO2 resistance. It is found that the highly dispersed CeO2 nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of rGO nanosheets, because of the incorporation of Sn4+ into the lattice of CeO2. The mesoporous structures of the CeO2-SnOx/rGO catalyst provides a large specific surface area and more active sites for facilitating the adsorption of reactant species, leading to high SCR activity. More importantly, the synergistic interaction between cerium and tin oxides is responsible for the excellent SCR activity, which results in a higher ratio of Ce3+/(Ce3+ + Ce4+), higher concentrations of surface chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies, more strong acid sites and stronger acid strength on the surface of the CeSn(3.9)/rGO catalyst.

Boosted electrocatalytic N2 reduction on fluorine-doped SnO2 mesoporous nanosheets

Liu, Ya-Ping,Li, Yu-Biao,Zhang, Hu,Chu, Ke

, p. 10424 - 10431 (2019)

The development of highly active and durable electrocatalysts toward the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) holds a key to ambient electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis. Herein, fluorine (F)-doped SnO2 mesoporous nanosheets on carbon cloth (F-SnO2/CC) were developed as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst. Benefiting from the combined structural advantages of mesoporous nanosheet structure and F-doping, the F-SnO2/CC exhibited high NRR activity with an NH3 yield of 19.3 μg h-1 mg-1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 8.6% at-0.45 V (vs RHE) in 0.1 M Na2SO4, comparable or even superior to those of most reported NRR electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the F-doping could readily tailor the electronic structure of SnO2 to render it with improved conductivity and increased positive charge on active Sn sites, leading to the lowered reaction energy barriers and boosted NRR activity.

NO + H2 reaction on Pt(100). Steady state and oscillatory kinetics

Slinko, M.,Fink, T.,Loeher, T.,Madden, H. H.,Lombardo, S. J.,et al.

, p. 157 - 170 (1992)

The reaction of NO + H2 on Pt(100) was studied in the 10-6 mbar range between 300 and 800 K with mass spectrometry, work-function measurements, and video LEED. Both multiple steady states and kinetic oscillations were found. The principal reaction products were N2, H2O and NH3, and the activity and selectivity of the reaction were seen to depend on the partial pressure ratio pH(2)/pNO, on the surface temperature, and on the degree of surface reconstruction. Whereas the 1 × 1 surface of Pt was active for both N2 and NH3 formation, a well-annealed hex phase exhibited a low catalytic activity. The occurrence of defects during the 1 × 1 hex transition was shown to lead to enhanced N2 formation. At low pH(2)/pNO ratios, N2 formation was favored, while for large pH(2)/pNO ratios NH3 production was enhanced. Kinetic oscillations, as determined from variations in the N2, H2O and work-function signals, were found between 430 and 445 K.

Putting ammonia into a chemically opened fullerene

Whitener Jr., Keith E.,Frunze, Michael,Iwamatsu, Sho-Ichi,Murata, Shizuaki,Cross, R. James,Saunders, Martin

, p. 13996 - 13999 (2008)

We put ammonia into an open-cage fullerene with a 20-membered ring (1) as the orifice and examined the properties of the complex using NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The proton NMR shows a broad resonance corresponding to endohedral NH3 at δH = -12.3 ppm relative to TMS. This resonance was seen to narrow when a 14N decoupling frequency was applied. MALDI spectroscopy confirmed the presence of both 1 (m/z = 1172) and 1 + NH3 (m/z = 1189), and integrated intensities of MALDI peak trains and NMR resonances indicate an incorporation fraction of 35-50% under our experimental conditions. NMR observations showed a diminished incorporation fraction after 6 months of storage at -10°C, which indicates that ammonia slowly escapes from the open-cage fullerene.

Catalytic Cleavage of the Amide Bond in Urea Using a Cobalt(III) Amino-Based Complex

Uprety, Bhawna,Arderne, Charmaine,Bernal, Ivan

, p. 5058 - 5067 (2018)

The urease mimetic activity of CoIII amine complexes with respect to cleavage of urea was explored using SCXRD and spectroscopic techniques. The reaction of [CoIII(tren)Cl2]Cl [tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine] with urea results in the formation of an isocyanato complex {[CoIII(tren)(NH3)(NCO)]Cl2} and ammonia, following the cleavage of the amide bond. The reaction progress and the subsequent formation of cleavage products were confirmed by SCXRD analysis of the reactants as well as the products obtained during the reaction. The reaction was found to be pH and temperature dependent, and the reaction conditions were optimized to maximize conversion. The reaction kinetics was followed spectroscopically (1H NMR and UV/Vis), following the decrease in urea concentration or the increase in pH succeeding ammonia formation. A detailed kinetic study revealed an overall second order rate law and kobs was found to be 3.89 × 10–4 m–1 s–1.

Turrentine, J. W.

, p. 803 (1911)

Vanadia directed synthesis of anatase TiO2 truncated bipyramids with preferential exposure of the reactive {001} facet

Shi, Quanquan,Li, Yong,Zhan, Ensheng,Ta, Na,Shen, Wenjie

, p. 3376 - 3382 (2015)

Anatase TiO2 truncated bipyramids that dominantly exposed the reactive {001} facet were hydrothermally synthesized using vanadia as the structure-directing agent. The exposed fraction of the {001} facet approached 53% upon adjusting the V/Ti mo

Grubb

, p. 600 (1923)

Browne, A. W.,Hoel, A. B.

, p. 2116 (1922)

NH3 formation from N2 and H2 mediated by molecular tri-iron complexes

Baabe, Dirk,Bontemps, Sébastien,Coppel, Yannick,Freytag, Matthias,Jones, Peter G.,Münster, Katharina,Maron, Laurent,Reiners, Matthias,Rosal, Iker del,Walter, Marc D.,Zaretzke, Marc-Kevin

, (2020)

Living systems carry out the reduction of N2 to ammonia (NH3) through a series of protonation and electron transfer steps under ambient conditions using the enzyme nitrogenase. In the chemical industry, the Haber–Bosch process hydrogenates N2 but requires high temperatures and pressures. Both processes rely on iron-based catalysts, but molecular iron complexes that promote the formation of NH3 on addition of H2 to N2 have remained difficult to devise. Here, we isolate the tri(iron)bis(nitrido) complex [(Cp′Fe)3(μ3-N)2] (in which Cp′ = η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2), which is prepared by reduction of [Cp′Fe(μ-I)]2 under an N2 atmosphere and comprises three iron centres bridged by two μ3-nitrido ligands. In solution, this complex reacts with H2 at ambient temperature (22 °C) and low pressure (1 or 4 bar) to form NH3. In the solid state, it is converted into the tri(iron)bis(imido) species, [(Cp′Fe)3(μ3-NH)2], by addition of H2 (10 bar) through an unusual solid–gas, single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation. In solution, [(Cp′Fe)3(μ3-NH)2] further reacts with H2 or H+ to form NH3. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Lee, J. Y.,Schwank, J.

, p. 207 - 215 (1986)

Adsorption and decomposition of hydrazine on Pd(100)

Dopheide,Schroeter,Zacharias

, p. 86 - 96 (1991)

The adsorption and decomposition of N2H4 on Pd(100) has been studied by measuring the sticking coefficient and by thermal desorption spectroscopy. Well-defined molecular beam dosing has been employed to limit the interaction of hydra

Relayed hyperpolarization from: Para -hydrogen improves the NMR detectability of alcohols

Rayner, Peter J.,Tickner, Ben. J.,Iali, Wissam,Fekete, Marianna,Robinson, Alastair D.,Duckett, Simon B.

, p. 7709 - 7717 (2019)

The detection of alcohols by magnetic resonance techniques is important for their characterization and the monitoring of chemical change. Hyperpolarization processes can make previously inpractical measurements, such as the determination of low concentration intermediates, possible. Here, we investigate the SABRE-Relay method in order to define its key characteristics and improve the resulting 1H NMR signal gains which subsequently approach 103 per proton. We identify optimal amine proton transfer agents for SABRE-Relay and show how catalyst structure influences the outcome. The breadth of the method is revealed by expansion to more complex alcohols and the polarization of heteronuclei.

The adsorption of gases on the surface of solid solutions and binary compounds of the GaSb-ZnTe system

Kirovskaya,Novgorodtseva,Vasina

, p. 1532 - 1536 (2007)

The adsorption of ammonia, carbon monoxide, and oxygen on solid solution and binary compound films of the GaSb-ZnTe system was studied. The mechanism of adsorption and rules governing adsorption processes depending on adsorption conditions and system comp

Iron Porphyrin-based Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite to Ammonia

Barley, Mark H.,Takeuchi, Kenneth,Murphy, W. Rorer,Meyer, Thomas J.

, p. 507 - 508 (1985)

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite to ammonia has been demonstrated using a water-soluble iron porphyrin as catalyst.

Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen in Aqueous Solution Induced by Nitrogen Arc Plasma

Takasaki, Michiaki,Harada, Kaoru

, p. 437 - 440 (1987)

Argon Arc Plasma containing nitrogen gas (nitrogen arc plasma) was directly introduced into water, and a disproportionation reaction of molecular nitrogen took place in aqueous solution to form ammonia, nitrous acid, and nitric acid.The redox reaction of molecular nitrogen is interesting on the chemical evolutionary point of view as a possible route for the formation of ammonia under nonreducing conditions.

Ti3C2Tx (T = F, OH) MXene nanosheets: Conductive 2D catalysts for ambient electrohydrogenation of N2 to NH3

Zhao, Jinxiu,Zhang, Lei,Xie, Xiao-Ying,Li, Xianghong,Ma, Yongjun,Liu, Qian,Fang, Wei-Hai,Shi, Xifeng,Cui, Ganglong,Sun, Xuping

, p. 24031 - 24035 (2018)

The Haber-Bosch process for industrial-scale NH3 production suffers from high energy consumption and serious CO2 emission. Electrochemical N2 reduction is an attractive carbon-neutral alternative for NH3 synthesis but is severely restricted due to N2 activation needing efficient electrocatalysts for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. Here, we report that Ti3C2Tx (T = F, OH) MXene nanosheets act as high-performance 2D NRR electrocatalysts for ambient N2-to-NH3 conversion with excellent selectivity. In 0.1 M HCl, such catalysts achieve a large NH3 yield of 20.4 g h-1 mgcat.-1 and a high faradic efficiency of 9.3% at -0.4 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, with high electrochemical and structural stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that N2 chemisorbed on Ti3C2Tx experiences elongation/weakness of the NN triple bond facilitating its catalytic conversion to NH3 and the distal NRR mechanism is more favorable with the final reaction of ?NH2 to NH3 as the rate-limiting step.

Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of thiolate-bridged cobalt-iron and ruthenium-iron complexes

Guo, Chao,Su, Linan,Yang, Dawei,Wang, Baomin,Qu, Jingping

, p. 217 - 220 (2022)

Thiolate-bridged hetero-bimetallic complexes [Cp*M(MeCN)N2S2FeCl][PF6] (2, M = Ru; 3, M = Co, Cp* = η5-C5Me5, N2S2 = N,N'-dimethyl-3,6-diazanonane-1,8-dithiolate) were prepared by self-assembly of dimer [N2S2Fe]2 with mononuclear precursor [Cp*Ru(MeCN)3][PF6] or [Cp*Co(MeCN)3][PF6]2 in the presence of CHCl3 as a chloride donor. Complexes 2 and 3 exhibit obviously different redox behaviors investigated by cyclic voltammetry and spin density distributions supported by DFT calculations. Notably, iron-cobalt complex 3 possesses versatile reactivities that cannot be achieved for complex 2. In the presence of CoCp2, complex 3 can undergo one-electron reduction to generate a stable formally CoIIFeII complex [Cp*CoN2S2FeCl] (4). Besides, the terminal chloride on the iron center in 3 can be removed by dehalogenation agent AgPF6 or exchanged with azide to afford the corresponding complexes [Cp*Co(MeCN)N2S2Fe(MeCN)][PF6]2 (5) and [Cp*Co(MeCN)N2S2Fe(N3)][PF6] (6). In addition, complexes 2, 3 and 4 show distinct catalytic reactivity toward the disproportionation of hydrazine into ammonia. These results may be helpful to understand the vital role of the heterometal in some catalytic transformations promoted by heteromultinuclear complexes.

Triple C-H/N-H activation by O2 for molecular engineering: Heterobifunctionalization of the 19-electron redox catalyst Fe1Cp(arene)

Rigaut,Delville,Astruc

, p. 11132 - 11133 (1997)

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Photocatalytic reduction of hydrazine to ammonia catalysed by [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]- complex in a Pt/TiO2 semiconductor particulate system

Chatterjee

, p. 1 - 3 (2000)

The illumination of aqueous suspensions of Pt/TiO2 semicondutor photocatalyst with [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]- led to the reduction of hydrazine to ammonia. Coordination of hydrazine to [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]- lowered the energy barrier significantly for the reduction of hydrazine. The rate controlling step of photocatalytic process was probably a surface chemical step (electron transfer) possibly coupled with adsorption of reactants and desorption of ammonia molecule. A working mechanism involving the formation of a [(RuIII(edta)(N2H5)] species (adsorbed onto TiO2 surface) that underwent two-electron transfer reduction followed by cleavage of the N-N bond of coordinated hydrazine was proposed.

Reactive Ionic Liquid Enables the Construction of 3D Rh Particles with Nanowire Subunits for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

Chen, Tingting,Hao, Jingcheng,Li, Zhonghao,Liu, Shuai,Ying, Hao

, (2020)

Until now, the synthesis of Rh particles with unusual three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures is still challenging. A 3D nanostructure enables fast ion/molecule transport and possesses plenty of exposed active surface, and therefore it is of great interest to construct 3D Rh particles catalysts for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, we proposed a reactive ionic liquid strategy for fabricating unusual 3D Rh particles with nanowires as the subunits. The ionic liquid n-octylammonium formate simultaneously worked as reaction medium, reductant and template for the successful construction of 3D Rh particles. The as-prepared 3D Rh particles demonstrated excellent activity for electrocatalytic N2 fixation in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte under ambient conditions with a high NH3 yield of 35.58 μg h?1 mgcat. ?1 at ?0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing most of the state-of-the-art noble metal catalysts. Our reactive ionic liquid strategy thus holds great promise for the rational construction of high-performance electrocatalysts toward NRR.

Ligand-field photolysis of [Mo(CN)8]4- in aqueous hydrazine: Trapped Mo(II) intermediate and catalytic disproportionation of hydrazine by cyano-ligated Mo(III,IV) complexes

Szklarzewicz, Janusz,Matoga, Dariusz,Klys, Agnieszka,Lasocha, Wieslaw

, p. 5464 - 5472 (2008)

The substitutional photolysis of K4[Mo(CN)8] ·2H2O in 98% N2H4·H2O has been investigated in detail. A molybdenum(II) intermediate, K 5[Mo(CN)7]·N2H4, is isolated in the primary stage of the reaction that involves the oxidation of N 2H4 to N2, as evidenced by the analysis of evolving gases. The powder X-ray crystal structure of K5[Mo(CN) 7]·N2H4 indicates the pentagonal bipiramidal geometry of the anion and the presence of N2H4 in proximity to the CN- ligands. The salt is characterized by means of EDS, IR, UV-vis, and EPR spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry measurements. The secondary stages of photolysis, involving the catalytic decomposition of N2H4 into NH3 and N 2, lead to the formation of a molybdenum(IV) complex, [Mo(CN) 4O(NH3)]2-. The monitoring of the amounts of evolving gases combined with UV-vis and EPR spectroscopic measurements at various stages of photolysis indicate that the molybdenum(III,IV) couple is catalytically active. The scheme of the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine is presented and discussed.

A thiolate-bridged FeIVFeIV μ-nitrido complex and its hydrogenation reactivity toward ammonia formation

Chen, Hui,Mei, Tao,Qu, Jingping,Wang, Baomin,Wang, Junhu,Yang, Dawei,Ye, Shengfa,Zhang, Yixin,Zhao, Jinfeng,Zhou, Yuhan

, p. 46 - 52 (2021/12/27)

Iron nitrides are key intermediates in biological nitrogen fixation and the industrial Haber–Bosch process, used to form ammonia from dinitrogen. However, the proposed successive conversion of nitride to ammonia remains elusive. In this regard, the search for well-described multi-iron nitrido model complexes and investigations on controlling their reactivity towards ammonia formation have long been of great challenge and importance. Here we report a well-defined thiolate-bridged FeIVFeIV μ-nitrido complex featuring an uncommon bent Fe–N–Fe moiety. Remarkably, this complex shows excellent reactivity toward hydrogenation with H2 at ambient conditions, forming ammonia in high yield. Combined experimental and computational studies demonstrate that a thiolate-bridged FeIIIFeIII μ-amido complex is a key intermediate, which is generated through an unusual two-electron oxidation of H2. Moreover, ammonia production was also realized by treating this diiron μ-nitride with electrons and water as a proton source. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Rapid in situ synthesis of MgAl-LDH on η-Al2O3 for efficient hydrolysis of urea in wastewater

Guo, Chenyuan,Shen, Shuguang,Li, Meina,Wang, Ying,Li, Jing,Xing, Yuanquan,Wang, Cui,Pan, Huajie

, p. 54 - 62 (2021/01/19)

A rapid and efficient synthesis strategy of MgAl-LDH was proposed. MgAl-LDH with high specific surface area was synthesized in situ by using η-Al2O3 as carrier, and the synthesis time was greatly shortened by both increasing temperature and introducing ethanol as co-solvent. Besides, the growth process of MgAl-LDH on the surface of η-Al2O3 is also revealed. Under optimized conditions, the specific surface area of the MgAl-LDH is as high as 172.4 m2/g, the crystalline size is as small as 12.82 nm, and the basicity can reach 1.795 mmol/g. The urea wastewater was degraded from 8000 mg/L to 6.85 mg/L over the catalyst synthesized by the rapid method, and the catalyst still maintains high activity after four uses. Also, it was found that there is a good linear relationship between the urea removal rate and the basicity of MgAl-LDH.

Integrated selective nitrite reduction to ammonia with tetrahydroisoquinoline semi-dehydrogenation over a vacancy-rich Ni bifunctional electrode

Wang, Changhong,Zhou, Wei,Sun, Zhaojun,Wang, Yuting,Zhang, Bin,Yu, Yifu

supporting information, p. 239 - 243 (2021/01/15)

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for nitrite reduction to ammonia, especially integrated with a value-added anodic reaction, is important. Herein, Ni nanosheet arrays with Ni vacancies (Ni-NSA-VNi) were demonstrated to exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performances toward selective nitrite reduction to ammonia (faradaic efficiency: 88.9%; selectivity: 77.2%) and semi-dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (faradaic efficiency: 95.5%; selectivity: 98.0%). The origin and quantitative analyses of ammonia were performed by 15N isotope labeling and 1H NMR experiments. The decrease in electronic cloud density induced by the Ni vacancies was found to improve the NO2- adsorption and NH3 desorption, leading to high nitrite-to-ammonia performance. In situ Raman results revealed the formation of NiII/NiIII active species for anodic semi-dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines on Ni-NSA-VNi. Importantly, a Ni-NSA-VNi Ni-NSA-VNi bifunctional two-electrode electrolyzer was constructed to simultaneously produce ammonia and dihydroisoquinoline with robust stability and high selectivity.

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