60080-99-1Relevant articles and documents
Copper-catalyzed aerobic double functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds for the synthesis of 3-hydroxyisoindolinones
Nozawa-Kumada, Kanako,Matsuzawa, Yuta,Ono, Kanako,Shigeno, Masanori,Kondo, Yoshinori
supporting information, p. 8604 - 8607 (2021/09/02)
A copper-catalyzed aerobic 3-hydroxyisoindolinone synthesis was developed via the benzylic double C(sp3)-H functionalization of 2-alkylbenzamides. In this reaction, molecular oxygen was used as both an oxidant for C(sp3)-H functionalization and an oxygen source. Our method can be extended to diverse benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds and shows excellent functional group tolerance. This journal is
Au-Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling to Generate 5- To 9-Membered Rings: Turnover-Limiting Reductive Elimination versus ?-Complexation
Ball, Liam T.,Corrie, Tom J. A.,Lloyd-Jones, Guy C.,Russell, Christopher A.
supporting information, p. 245 - 254 (2021/09/04)
The intramolecular gold-catalyzed arylation of arenes by aryl-trimethylsilanes has been investigated from both mechanistic and preparative aspects. The reaction generates 5- to 9-membered rings, and of the 44 examples studied, 10 include a heteroatom (N, O). Tethering of the arene to the arylsilane provides not only a tool to probe the impact of the conformational flexibility of Ar-Au-Ar intermediates, via systematic modulation of the length of aryl-aryl linkage, but also the ability to arylate neutral and electron-poor arenes - substrates that do not react at all in the intermolecular process. Rendering the arylation intramolecular also results in phenomenologically simpler reaction kinetics, and overall these features have facilitated a detailed study of linear free energy relationships, kinetic isotope effects, and the first quantitative experimental data on the effects of aryl electron demand and conformational freedom on the rate of reductive elimination from diaryl-gold(III) species. The turnover-limiting step for the formation of a series of fluorene derivatives is sensitive to the reactivity of the arene and changes from reductive elimination to ?-complexation for arenes bearing strongly electron-withdrawing substituents (σ > 0.43). Reductive elimination is accelerated by electron-donating substituents (ρ = -2.0) on one or both rings, with the individual σ-values being additive in nature. Longer and more flexible tethers between the two aryl rings result in faster reductive elimination from Ar-Au(X)-Ar and lead to the ?-complexation of the arene by Ar-AuX2 becoming the turnover-limiting step.
Synthesis of spiro[isobenzofuran 1(3H),4' piperidines] as potential central nervous system agents
Bauer,Duffy,Hoffman,Klioze,Kosley Jr.,McFadden,Martin,Ong
, p. 1315 - 1324 (2007/10/05)
Synthesis of 1' methyl 3 phenylspiro[isobenzofuran 1(3H),4' piperidine] (7a, HP 365) and the demethyl analogue 9a (HP 505) was prompted by recognition of an aminoalkyl(aryl)isobenzofuran moiety common to the antidepressants talopram (Lu 3-010) and trans 10,11 dihydro 5,10 epoxy 5 [3 (methylamino)propyl] 5H dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten 11 ol (MK-940). Convenient laboratory synthesis of 7a was provided by lithiation of 2 bromobenzhydryl methyl ether, followed by addition of 1 methyl 4 piperidone and acid catalyzed cyclization. N Dealkylation by standard methods afforded 9a. Synthesis of analogues was stimulated by discovery of marked inhibition of tetrabenazine induced ptosis for lead compounds 7a and 9a. Optimal antitetrabenazine activity is associated with the 3 phenylspiro[isobenzofuran 1(3H),4' piperidine] moiety where nitrogen is basic. Modification of this moiety by introduction of large nitrogen substituents or a C-3 substituent > H significantly reduced antitetrabenazine activity. A series of analogue with aromatic substituents was investigated; however, few of these compounds were significantly more active than 7a and 9a. Compound 9a was selected for additional studies.
