6107-37-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Promoting non-transition metal alkylation with organic halides in the presence of binary systems based on an organometallic compound and a transition metal compound: VI. Effect of various additives on the rate of the steady-state process
Eremeev
, p. 256 - 261 (2016)
The effect of various additives such as transition and non-transition metal oxides, hydroxides, and salts on the rate of steady-state alkylation of commercial zinc powder with ethyl bromide in the presence of ethylzinc bromide-copper(I) iodide binary system has been studied. Most of the examined compounds either do not affect the reaction rate or reduce it. Only addition of zinc(II) bromide, zinc(II) hydroxide, and water appreciably accelerates the process. Mechanism of action of the additives is discussed.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Heterohalogenic Dihalomethylzinc Carbenoids: Application to a More Efficient Chlorocyclopropanation Reaction
Taillemaud, Sylvain,Charette, André B.
supporting information, p. 83 - 92 (2022/01/04)
Dihalomethylmetal reagents are important species that can be used in halocyclopropanation reactions (metal = zinc) as well as in alkenyl halide synthesis. When trihalomethanes containing two or more different halogen atoms are used to prepare zinc carbenoids, several species can be formed through a halogen scrambling process. This affects which halocyclopropane, or haloalkene, is generated in the subsequent reaction. In the first part of the paper, we report an extensive characterization of zinc dihalocarbenoids by NMR to identify the major species formed when various di-and trihalomethane reagents are used as carbenoid precursors. In the second part of the paper, a direct application of this information enabled the development of a highly efficient chlorocyclopropanation reaction of allylic alcohols from inexpensive and accessible precursors.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of meso -Glutaric Anhydrides to Access Enantioenriched anti, anti -Polypropionates
Cochran, Brian M.,Henderson, Daniel D.,Thullen, Scott M.,Rovis, Tomislav
supporting information, p. 306 - 309 (2017/10/26)
An expedient desymmetrization of 3,5-dimethyl-4-alkoxyglutaric anhydrides to access anti, anti -polypropionates is described. The previously unknown anhydrides are rapidly assembled from readily available precursors. A Rh(I)· t -BuPHOX catalyst system was found to provide good yield and high selectivities. With these conditions, the trisubstituted anhydrides were desymmetrized with various alkyl zinc reagents to provide synthetically useful enantioenriched anti,anti -2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-δ-ketoacids. An identical catalyst system also affords access to syn, syn -stereotriads as well as a partial kinetic resolution of a chiral anhydride.
Efficient analoging around ethionamide to explore thioamides bioactivation pathways triggered by boosters in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Prieri, Marion,Frita, Rosangela,Probst, Nicolas,Sournia-Saquet, Alix,Bourotte, Marilyne,Déprez, Benoit,Baulard, Alain R.,Willand, Nicolas
, p. 35 - 46 (2018/10/02)
Ethionamide is a key antibiotic prodrug of the second-line chemotherapy regimen to treat tuberculosis. It targets the biosynthesis of mycolic acids thanks to a mycobacterial bioactivation carried out by the Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase EthA, under the control of a transcriptional repressor called EthR. Recently, the drug-like molecule SMARt-420, which triggers a new transcriptional regulator called EthR2, allowed the derepression a cryptic alternative bioactivation pathway of ethionamide. In order to study the bioactivation of a collection of thioisonicotinamides through the two bioactivation pathways, we developed a new two-step chemical pathway that led to the efficient synthesis of eighteen ethionamide analogues. Measurements of the antimycobacterial activity of these derivatives, used alone and in combination with boosters BDM41906 or SMARt-420, suggest that the two different bioactivation pathways proceed via the same mechanism, which implies the formation of similar metabolites. In addition, an electrochemical study of the aliphatic thioisonicotinamide analogues was undertaken to see whether their oxidation potential correlates with their antitubercular activity measured in the presence or in the absence of the two boosters.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANOZINC HALIDES
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Page/Page column 4, (2013/05/09)
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of organozinc halides with low residual alkyl or aryl halide content.
Overriding felkin control: A general method for highly diastereoselective chelation-controlled additions to α-silyloxy aldehydes
Stanton, Gretchen R.,Johnson, Corinne N.,Walsh, Patrick J.
, p. 4399 - 4408 (2010/06/14)
According to the Felkin-Anh and Cram-chelation models, nucleophilic additions to α-silyloxy aldehydes proceed through a nonchelation pathway due to the steric and electronic properties of the silyl group, giving rise to Felkin addition products. Herein we describe a general method to promote chelationcontrol in additions to α-silyloxy aldehydes. Dialkylzincs, functionalized dialkylzincs, and (E)-disubstituted, (E)-trisubstituted, and (Z)-disubstituted vinylzinc reagents add to silyl-protected α-hydroxy aldehydes with high selectivity for chelation-controlled products (dr of 10:1 to 20:1) in the presence of alkylzinc halides or triflates, RZnX. With the high functional group tolerance of organozinc reagents, the mild Lewis acidity of RZnX, and the excellent diastereoselectivities favoring the chelation-controlled products, this method will be useful in the synthesis of natural products. A mechanism involving chelation is supported by (1) NMR studies of a model substrate, (2) a dramatic increase in reaction rate in the presence of an alkylzinc halide, and (3) higher diastereoselectivity with larger alkyl substituents on the α-carbon of the aldehyde. This method provides access to chelation-controlled addition products with high diastereoselectivity previously unavailable using achiral organometallic reagents.
ANTISPERMATOGENIC, SPERMICIDAL AND/OR ANTIFUNGAL COMPOSITION AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME
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Page/Page column 35-36, (2008/06/13)
Hexahydroindenopyridine compounds are disclosed which act as contraceptive agents by disrupting spermatogenesis, acting as spermicides or sperm motility inhibitors and/or act as antifungals; antlspermatogenic, sperm motility inhibitors, spermicidal or ant
Formation of coordinated RZn(macrocycle)+ cations and organozincate anions from reactions of organozinc compounds and macrocycles
Fabicon, Ronaldo M.,Richey Jr., Herman G.
, p. 4018 - 4023 (2008/10/08)
An RZnZ compound (R = alkyl) and a macrocycle react in benzene to form RZn(macrocycle)+ ions when the macrocycle is an effective coordinator for RZn+ and Z- can exist as the anion or become attached to an organometallic acceptor to form an organometalate anion. R2Zn and R3Al form RZn(macrocycle)+R4Al- with 14N4 (1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) 15N5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentamethyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane), 2,1,1-cryptand, or 2,2,1-cryptand but not with 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclo-octadecane, 2,2,2-cryptand, 15-crown-5, or 18-crown-6. RZnZ, R2Zn, and 14N4 form RZn(14N4)+R2ZnZ- when Z is Cl, Br, I, or 3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy but not when Z is tert-butoxy. Various combinations of RZnZ with Z = Cl, Br, I, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy, or 3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy and 14N4, 15N5, 2,1,1-cryptand, or 2,2,1-cryptand form RZn(macrocycle)+Z- solids; solids do not form when Z is methoxy or tert-butoxy nor when the macrocycle is 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, or 18-crown-6.
