62085-71-6

Upstream product

• 108-94-1 cyclohexanone 
• 123-11-5 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 
• 6651-36-1 1-(Trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexene 
• 14202-31-4 4-methoxybenzaldehyde-1,1-diacetate 
• 108-93-0 cyclohexanol 
• 77-78-1 dimethyl sulfate 
• 1670-47-9 1,1-diethoxycyclohexane 

Downstream Products

• 53376-45-7 (+/-)-2r,6t-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-cyclohexanone 
• 53376-45-7 (+/-)-2r,6c-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-cyclohexanone 
• 81501-99-7 (8E)-8-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline-2(1H)thione 
• 501687-39-4 1-methyl-2,6-bis(4-methoxyphenylmethylidene)cyclohexanol 
• 5765-29-7 E-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 
• 108-94-1 cyclohexanone 
• 123-11-5 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 
• 33985-68-1 3-[1H-indol-3-yl(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-indole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of lithium/cesium-Zagronas from zagrosian natural asphalt and study of their activity as novel, green, heterogeneous and homogeneous nanocatalysts in the Claisen–Schmidt and Knoevenagel condensations

A novel, heterogeneous and homogeneous basic nanocatalysts were synthesized by grafting of lithium and cesium on zagrosian natural asphalt sulfonate (Li/Cs-Zagronas). The activity of these catalysts was examined in the Claisen–Schmidt and Knoevenagel condensations under mild reaction conditions. Li/Cs-Zagronas were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. These nanocatalysts were removed by simple filtration and reused several times without any deterioration of activity.

Activated charcoal-mediated synthesis of chalcones catalyzed by NaOH in water

A variety of chalcones were synthesized in good yields by the activated charcoal-mediated aldol reactions between benzaldehydes and acetophenones catalyzed by NaOH in water. 2,6-Bis((E)-benzylidene)cyclohexan-1-ones were prepared by the aldol reactions between benzaldehydes and cyclohexanone. Activated charcoal could be recycled five times without the significant decrease of yields.

Green, rapid, and highly efficient syntheses of α,α′-bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2-[(aryl or allyl)idene]-1-indanones as potentially biologic compounds via solvent-free microwave-assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation catalyzed by MoCl5

A new, green, and highly efficient protocol for the expeditious preparation of some α,α′-bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2-[(aryl or allyl)idene]-1-indanones via a simple microwave-assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction catalyzed by MoCl5 was successfully developed. Outstanding features of the current methodology include the use of solvent-free conditions, simple operation, use of a very inexpensive and available catalyst, low catalyst loading, short reaction times, high yields of the pure products, no harmful by-products, easy workup, and also the applicability of microwave irradiation as a clean source of energy. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction was successfully conducted, proving the scalability of this current Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction.

Ash of pomegranate peels (APP): A bio-waste heterogeneous catalyst for sustainable synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted benzylidine)cycloalkanones and 2-arylidene-1-tetralones

Abstract: α,α′-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones were efficiently prepared from variously substituted aldehydes and cycloalkanones in water by using ash of pomegranate peels (APP) as a catalyst. The APP-catalyst was obtained from bio-waste by simple thermal treatment to dry peels of pomegranate fruit and formation of its active phase was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, XRF, EDX, SEM, DSC-TGA and BET techniques. The analysis revealed that the present catalyst has basic sites which promote the synthesis of desired products. The main attractions of our protocol are utilization of highly abundant bio-waste-derived catalyst and good-to-excellent yield in shortest reaction time. This green protocol was further extended for structurally diverse 2-arylidene-1-tetralones by condensation of equimolar quantity of aromatic aldehydes and 1-tetralone at low temperature. The catalyst could be quantitatively recovered and reused effectively for five times. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Potassium Natural Asphalt Sulfonate (K-NAS): Synthesis and characterization as a new recyclable solid basic nanocatalyst and its application in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds

In this research, we synthesized and characterized a new heterogeneous basic nanocatalyst and its catalytic application was studied in the Claisen-Schmidt and Knoevenagel condensations. In order to prepare this nanocatalyst, first, the Iranian natural asphalt was sulfonated with the concentrated sulfuric acid and then, converted to the potassium natural asphalt sulfonate (K-NAS). In order to characterization of the nanocatalyst, used of FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. This new basic heterogeneous nanocatalyst have advantages such as being eco-friendly, huge specific surface area, high reactivity and recyclability.

Synthesis of diarylidenecyclohexanone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory leads against COX-2/mPGES1 and 5-LOX

Inflammation is a pathophysiological condition which progresses through the prostaglandin (PG) and leukotriene (LT) pathways channelized by the enzymes COX/mPGES1 and 5-LOX respectively. Diarylidenecyclohexanone (DAC) derivatives (Ia-j, IIa-c, IIIa and IVa) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of 5-LOX and COX-2/mPGES1 enzymes. Compound Ic inhibited PGE2 production exhibiting an IC50 of 6.7 ± 0.19 μM, comparable to the standard inhibitor, licofelone (IC50 of 5.4 ± 0.02 μM). Compounds Ie and Ig showed maximum in vitro inhibitory activity against 5-LOX, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.4 ± 0.1 μM and 1.5 ± 0.13 μM, respectively, and these are comparable to that of the standard drug, zileuton (IC50 = 1.2 ± 0.11 μM). Ie and Ig do not possess radical scavenging properties and may not be disrupting the redox cycle of the enzyme. Hence they may be inhibiting the enzyme by a competitive mode. One of the compounds in the DAC series (IIc) containing a heterocyclic thienyl ring inhibited all the three enzymes. It inhibited 5-LOX and COX-2/mPGES1 with an IC50 of 1.8 ± 0.12 μM and 7.5 ± 0.4 μM respectively. An RT-PCR based mRNA expression study highlighted that Ic predominantly inhibited the expression of COX-2 rather than mPGES1. No toxicity towards the HeLa cell line indicated that the DACs could serve as structural templates towards lead optimization of compounds for discovery of novel, potent, safe and affordable drugs as anti-inflammatory agents.

Antiparasitic activity of synthetic curcumin monocarbonyl analogues against Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and it is considered to be the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. Since the 1960s, nitroimidazoles such as metronidazole are the drugs of choice for the treatment of trichomoniasis, but many adverse effects and allergic reactions may result from their use. Reports of metronidazole-resistant infections also highlight the importance for the search of new anti-T. vaginalis agents. Considering this, herein we report the anti-T. vaginalis evaluation of 21 synthetic monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin, which itself has been reported to possess antiparasitic potential. From the in vitro analysis of the synthetic molecules, untreated trophozoites, and metronidazole at 100 μM, it was observed that three curcumin analogues (3a, 3e, and 5e) exhibited anti-T. vaginalis activity comparable to metronidazole (no significant statistical difference). Optimal antiparasitic concentrations were determined to be 80 μM and 90 μM for propanone derivatives 3a and 3e, respectively, and 200 μM for cyclohexanone derivative 5e. Kinetic growth curves showed that, after 24 h, the trophozoites were completely inhibited. At the tested concentrations, natural curcumin did not significantly inhibit the growth of trophozoites, therefore demonstrating that the designed synthetic molecules not only have better chemical stability, but also higher anti-T. vaginalis potential. Cytotoxicity analysis, performed on VERO cells, demonstrated low, moderate and high cytotoxic effects for analogues 3e, 5e and 3a, respectively. This study suggests that these analogues possess chemical features of interest to be further explored as alternatives for the treatment of trichomoniasis.

Ag/P-Stereogenic Phosphine-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions: A Method to Optically Active Pyrrolidines

A Ag/P-stereogenic phosphine-complex-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with electron-deficient olefins is reported. In this reaction, highly functionalized pyrrolines with a spiro-quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in good yields (up to 99%) with excellent levels of diastereo-(up to >20:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The chirality of adducts was controlled predominantly by the P-stereogenic phosphines.

Synthesis, mechanistic and synergy studies of diarylidenecyclohexanone derivatives as new antiplasmodial pharmacophores

Diarylidenecyclohexanone (DAC) derivatives (Ia-i, IIa-c and IIIa-b) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their invitro antiplasmodial activities against erythrocytic stages of chloroquine (CQ) sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum by using SYBR green I fluorescence assay. SAR studies of DAC derivatives showed antiplasmodial activity in the order of 3-NO2 (Ib, IC50 0.95 μM) > 3-chloro (Id, IC50 3 μM) > 4-chloro (Ie, IC50 8.5 μM) > 2-chloro (Ic, IC50 13 μM). Further Ib and Id exhibited nearly equal potencies against CQ-resistant strains P. falciparum Dd2, {IC50 1 μM (Ib) and 2.7 μM (Id)} and PfINDO {IC50 1.1 μM (Ib) and 2.5 μM (Id)}. Drug exposure followed by drug withdrawal-based stage-specific kill kinetic studies showed that Ib is shizonticidal within 3 h while the earliest killing actions against Trophozoites and Rings were seen at >3 h and >6 h, respectively. Combination studies of the most potent leads viz. Ib and Id showed strong to moderate synergistic effects with Artemisinin (?FIC50: 0.34 to 0.63) whereas no interaction (?FIC50: 0.65 to 2.36) was observed with Chloroquine. The DACs showed significant insilico binding affinity with β-haematin and P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) suggesting these to be the targets of their antiplasmodial action. High compliance with Lipinski rule of 5 and high selectivity index of Ib (105.3) and Id (8.3) against HeLa cell line indicated that Diarylidenecyclohexanones could serve as structural templates towards lead optimization of compounds for discovery of novel, potent, safe and affordable drugs against malaria.

Chiral Cyclohexyl-Fused Spirobiindanes: Practical Synthesis, Ligand Development, and Asymmetric Catalysis

1,1′-Spirobiindane has been one type of privileged skeleton for chiral ligand design, and 1,1′-spirobiindane-based chiral ligands have demonstrated outstanding performance in various asymmetric catalysis. However, the access to enantiopure spirobiindane is quite tedious, which obstructs its practical application. In the present article, a facile enantioselective synthesis of cyclohexyl-fused chiral spirobiindanes has been accomplished, in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99% ee), via a sequence of Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α,α′-bis(arylidene)ketones and TiCl4 promoted asymmetric spiroannulation of the hydrogenated chiral ketones. The protocol can be performed in one pot and is readily scalable, and has been utilized in a 25 g scale asymmetric synthesis of cyclohexyl-fused spirobiindanediol (1S,2S,2′S)-5, in >99% ee and 67% overall yield for four steps without chromatographic purification. Facile derivations of (1S,2S,2′S)-5 provided straightforward access to chiral monodentate phosphoramidites 6a-c and a tridentate phosphorus-amidopyridine 11, which were evaluated as chiral ligands in several benchmark enantioselective reactions (hydrogenation, hydroacylation, and [2 + 2] reaction) catalyzed by transition metal (Rh, Au, or Ir). Preliminary results from comparative studies showcased the excellent catalytic performances of these ligands, with a competency essentially equal to the corresponding well-established privileged ligands bearing a regular spirobiindane backbone. X-ray crystallography revealed a close resemblance between the structures of the precatalysts 20 and 21 and their analogues, which ultimately help to rationalize the almost identical stereochemical outcomes of reactions catalyzed by metal complexes of spirobiindane-derived ligands with or without a fused cyclohexyl ring on the backbone. This work is expected to stimulate further applications of this type of readily accessible skeletons in development of chiral ligands and functional molecules.