6375-65-1Relevant articles and documents
A novel scalable synthesis of pramipexole
Zivec, Matej,Anzic, Borut,Gobec, Stanislav
, p. 1125 - 1129 (2011/04/12)
Pramipexole is a dopamine D2 subfamily receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of Parkinsons disease. We report here on the successful application of the Fukuyama alkylation protocol to the development of a novel and scalable process for synthesis of pramipexole and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The synthesis consists of converting the crucial intermediate (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole to (6S)-N-(2-amino-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzothiazole-6-yl)-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide, which is in turn monoalkylated to (6S)-N-(2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole-6-yl)-2-nitro- N-propylbenzenesulfonamide. Deprotection of the latter yields pramipexole base, which is finally converted to a crude pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate with a yield of over 50% over four steps. The process allows for the telescoping of the final three steps, has high conversion rates of intermediates, offers ease of purification, and preserves high optical purity throughout all of the stages.
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF (ARYLTHIO)ACETIC ACIDS BY PYRIDINIUM HYDROBROMIDE PERBROMIDE
Karunakaran, K.,Elango, K. P.
, p. 429 - 434 (2007/10/02)
Oxidation of several monosubstituted (phenylthio)acetic acids (PTAA) by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (PHPB) was studied in aqueous acetic acid.The reaction is first order with respect to PHPB.Michaelis-Menten type kinetics are observed with respect to (arylthio)acetic acid.The effect of solvent composition indicates that the transition state is more polar than the reactants.The formation constants of the intermediate substrate-PHPB complexes and the rates of their decomposition were determined at different temperatures.The rates of oxidation of para and meta-substituted (phenylthio)acetic acids were correlated with Hammett's substituent constants.The ρ value is -1.60 at 35 deg c.The rates of oxidation of ortho substituted compounds are correlated with Charton's triparametric equation.A mechanism involving the decomposition of the intermediate complex in the slow rate-determining step affording a sulphonium ion which hydrolyses in a subsequent fast step to the sulphoxide is proposed.
Nonenzymatic conversion of penicillins to 6-aminopenicillanic acid.
Johnson,Panetta,Smith
, p. 2560 - 2564 (2007/10/06)
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