64183-27-3Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of Rovafovir Etalafenamide (Part IV): Evolution of the Synthetic Process to the Fluorinated Nucleoside Fragment
Siler, David A.,Calimsiz, Selcuk,Doxsee, Ian J.,Kwong, Bernard,Ng, Jeffrey D.,Sarma, Keshab,Shen, Jinyu,Curl, Jonah W.,Davy, Jason A.,Garber, Jeffrey A. O.,Ha, Sura,Lapina, Olga,Lee, Jisung,Lin, Lennie,Park, Sangsun,Rosario, Mary,St-Jean, Olivier,Yu, Guojun
, p. 1263 - 1274 (2021/05/29)
Fluorinated nucleoside 1 is a key starting material in the synthesis of rovafovir etalafenamide (2), a novel nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor under development at Gilead Sciences for the treatment of HIV. While an initial manufacturing route enabled the production of 1 to support clinical development, alternative approaches were explored to further enhance manufacturing effectiveness, improve processing time, reduce cost, and minimize the environmental impact. Toward this end, two new routes were developed to a key synthetic intermediate, which was converted to 1 using a new protecting group strategy. The new chemistry led to improvements in the manufacturing process while reducing the overall process mass intensity (PMI).
ANTIVIRAL DRUG
-
Paragraph 0184; 0185; 0188; 0189, (2020/11/03)
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nucleic acid analog having excellent antiviral activity (particularly anti-hepatitis B virus activity). SOLUTION: The invention provides a compound represented by the formula (I) in the figure, where each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2021,JPOandINPIT
Enzymatic Synthesis of Therapeutic Nucleosides using a Highly Versatile Purine Nucleoside 2’-DeoxyribosylTransferase from Trypanosoma brucei
Pérez, Elena,Sánchez-Murcia, Pedro A.,Jordaan, Justin,Blanco, María Dolores,Manche?o, José Miguel,Gago, Federico,Fernández-Lucas, Jesús
, p. 4406 - 4416 (2018/09/14)
The use of enzymes for the synthesis of nucleoside analogues offers several advantages over multistep chemical methods, including chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity as well as milder reaction conditions. Herein, the production, characterization and utilization of a purine nucleoside 2’-deoxyribosyltransferase (PDT) from Trypanosoma brucei are reported. TbPDT is a dimer which displays not only excellent activity and stability over a broad range of temperatures (50–70 °C), pH (4–7) and ionic strength (0–500 mM NaCl) but also an unusual high stability under alkaline conditions (pH 8–10). TbPDT is shown to be proficient in the biosynthesis of numerous therapeutic nucleosides, including didanosine, vidarabine, cladribine, fludarabine and nelarabine. The structure-guided replacement of Val11 with either Ala or Ser resulted in variants with 2.8-fold greater activity. TbPDT was also covalently immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated magnetic microspheres. MTbPDT3 was selected as the best derivative (4200 IU/g, activity recovery of 22 %), and could be easily recaptured and recycled for >25 reactions with negligible loss of activity. Finally, MTbPDT3 was successfully employed in the expedient synthesis of several nucleoside analogues. Taken together, our results support the notion that TbPDT has good potential as an industrial biocatalyst for the synthesis of a wide range of therapeutic nucleosides through an efficient and environmentally friendly methodology.
Discovery of novel purine nucleoside derivatives as phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) inhibitors: Structure-based virtual screening, optimization and biological evaluation
Qiu, Xiaoxia,Huang, Yiyou,Wu, Deyan,Mao, Fei,Zhu, Jin,Yan, Wenzhong,Luo, Hai-Bin,Li, Jian
, p. 119 - 133 (2017/11/30)
Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) has received much attention for the potential treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders and pulmonary hypertension. Herein, we identified that clofarabine (4), an FDA-approved drug, displayed potential PDE2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.12 ± 0.67 μM) by structure-based virtual screening and bioassay. Considering the potential therapeutic benefit of PDE2, a series of purine nucleoside derivatives based on the structure and binding mode of 4 were designed, synthesized and evaluated, which led to the discovery of the best compound 14e with a significant improvement of inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.32 ± 0.04 μM). Further molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations studies revealed that 5′-benzyl group of 14e could interact with the unique hydrophobic pocket of PDE2 by forming extra van der Waals interactions with hydrophobic residues such as Leu770, Thr768, Thr805 and Leu809, which might contribute to its enhancement of PDE2 inhibition. These potential compounds reported in this article and the valuable structure-activity relationships (SARs) might bring significant instruction for further development of potent PDE2 inhibitors.
Syntheses of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl purine nucleosides via selective glycosylation reactions of potassium salts of purine derivatives with the glycosyl bromide
Sivets, Grigorii G.
supporting information, p. 268 - 271 (2016/01/12)
Syntheses of 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)-guanine (1) and -adenine (2) were accomplished from readily available 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-d-arabinofuranose (3). A new and efficient approach for the synthesis of 1-α-bromide was developed using the mild bromination of α-1-O-benzoate (3). Selective coupling reactions of the bromosugar with purine potassium salts followed by derivatization/and or deprotection of the intermediate blocked 2′-fluoro β-arabinonucleosides resulted in formation of the target compounds with high overall yields.
Investigation and Conformational Analysis of Fluorinated Nucleoside Antibiotics Targeting Siderophore Biosynthesis
Dawadi, Surendra,Viswanathan, Kishore,Boshoff, Helena I.,Barry, Clifton E.,Aldrich, Courtney C.
, p. 4835 - 4850 (2015/05/27)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Antibiotic resistance represents one of the greatest threats to public health. The adenylation inhibitor 5′-O-[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (SAL-AMS) is the archetype for a new class of nucleoside antibiotics that target iron acquisition in pathogenic microorganisms and is especially effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Strategic incorporation of fluorine at the 2′ and 3′ positions of the nucleoside was performed by direct fluorination to enhance activity and improve drug disposition properties. The resulting SAL-AMS analogues were comprehensively assessed for biochemical potency, whole-cell antitubercular activity, and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Conformational analysis suggested a strong preference of fluorinated sugar rings for either a 2′-endo, 3′-exo (South), or a 3′-endo,2′-exo (North) conformation. The structure-activity relationships revealed a strong conformational bias for the C3′-endo conformation to maintain potent biochemical and whole-cell activity, whereas improved pharmacokinetic properties were associated with the C2′-endo conformation.
Recombinant purine nucleoside phosphorylases from thermophiles: Preparation, properties and activity towards purine and pyrimidine nucleosides
Zhou, Xinrui,Szeker, Kathleen,Janocha, Bernd,B?hme, Thomas,Albrecht, Dirk,Mikhailopulo, Igor A.,Neubauer, Peter
, p. 1475 - 1490 (2013/06/04)
Thermostable nucleoside phosphorylases are attractive biocatalysts for the synthesis of modified nucleosides. Hence we report on the recombinant expression of three 'high molecular mass' purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs) derived from the thermophilic bacteria Deinococcus geothermalis, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius and from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix (5′-methythioadenosine phosphorylase; ApMTAP). Thermostability studies, kinetic analysis and substrate specificities are reported. The PNPs were stable at their optimal temperatures (DgPNP, 55 °C; GtPNP, 70 °C; ApMTAP, activity rising to 99 °C). Substrate properties were investigated for natural purine nucleosides [adenosine, inosine and their C2′-deoxy counterparts (activity within 50-500 U·mg-1)], analogues with 2′-amino modified 2′-deoxy-adenosine and -inosine (within 0.1-3 U·mg-1) as well as 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroadenosine (9) and its C2′-arabino diastereomer (10, within 0.01-0.03 U·mg -1). Our results reveal that the structure of the heterocyclic base (e.g. adenine or hypoxanthine) can play a critical role in the phosphorolysis reaction. The implications of this finding may be helpful for reaction mechanism studies or optimization of reaction conditions. Unexpectedly, the diastereomeric 2′-deoxyfluoro adenine ribo- and arabino-nucleosides displayed similar substrate properties. Moreover, cytidine and 2′-deoxycytidine were found to be moderate substrates of the prepared PNPs, with substrate activities in a range similar to those determined for 2′-deoxyfluoro adenine nucleosides 9 and 10. C2′-modified nucleosides are accepted as substrates by all recombinant enzymes studied, making these enzymes promising biocatalysts for the synthesis of modified nucleosides. Indeed, the prepared PNPs performed well in preliminary transglycosylation reactions resulting in the synthesis of 2′-deoxyfluoro adenine ribo- and arabino- nucleosides in moderate yield (24%).
Stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinofuranosyl-α-1- phosphate and its application to the synthesis of 2′-Deoxy-2′- fluoroarabinofuranosyl purine nucleosides by a chemo-enzymatic method
Yamada, Kohei,Matsumoto, Noritake,Hayakawa, Hiroyuki
experimental part, p. 1117 - 1130 (2010/10/01)
Stereoselective introduction of a phosphate moiety into 2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinofuranose derivatives at the anomeric position was investigated by two methods. One involved a stereoselective hydrolysis of 1-bromo-derivative, and the consecutive phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro- α-D-arabinofuranose via a phosphoramidite derivative. The other method involved stereoselective α-phosphorylation of the 1-bromo-derivative at the 1-position. The resulting α-1-phosphate was utilized to prepare 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinofuranosyl purine nucleosides by an enzymatic glycosylation reaction. This chemo-enzymatic method will be applicable to the synthesis of some 2′F-araNs, and three important 2′F-araNs were actually obtained in 30-40% yields from 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2- fluoro-α-D-arabinose with high purity.
INHIBITORS OF S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE
-
Page/Page column 15; 22-23, (2009/01/23)
Novel mechanism-based inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase are provided. These compounds of formula (1) inhibit the life cycle of trypanosomes, and are useful to treat subjects infected with African trypanosomes. The invention includes pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds of formula (1).
ALPHA-1-PHOSPHORYLATED-2-DEOXY-2-FLUOROARABINOSIDE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING 2 -DEOXY-2 -FLUORO-BETA-D-ARABINONUCLEOSID E
-
Page/Page column 18, (2008/06/13)
A method for producing 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinonucleoside represented by formula (II): (wherein B represents a base), in particular, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinopurinenucleoside, which method comprises causing a nucleoside phosphorylase to act on α-1-phosphorylated-2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinoside represented by formula (I): or a mixture of α- and β-isomers of 1-phosphorylated-2-deoxy-2-fluoroarabinoside represented by formula (V'): and on a base. The compound can be produced at high yield and in a convenient and highly stereoselective manner.
