6899-05-4 Usage
Uses
1. Used in Metabolism:
Glutamic acid is a key compound in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel for other functional roles in the body. A key process in amino acid degradation is transamination, in which the amino group of an amino acid is transferred to an α-ketoacid, typically catalyzed by a transaminase.
2. Used as a Neurotransmitter:
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It is stored in vesicles and released from the pre-synaptic cell upon nerve impulses. In the post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain, and it plays a role in synaptic plasticity, particularly in long-term potentiation.
3. Used in Brain Nonsynaptic Glutamatergic Signaling Circuits:
Extracellular glutamate in Drosophila brains has been found to regulate postsynaptic glutamate receptor clustering, via a process involving receptor desensitization. A gene expressed in glial cells actively transports glutamate into the extracellular space, suggesting that extracellular glutamate may play an "endocrine-like" role as part of a larger homeostatic system.
4. Used as a Flavor Enhancer:
Glutamic acid, being a constituent of protein, is present in every food that contains protein. It can only be tasted when it is present in an unbound form. Significant amounts of free glutamic acid are present in a wide variety of foods, including cheese and soy sauce, and it is responsible for umami, one of the five basic tastes of the human sense of taste. Glutamic acid is often used as a food additive and flavor enhancer in the form of its salt, known as monosodium glutamate (MSG).
5. Used as a Nutrient:
All meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and kombu are excellent sources of glutamic acid. Some protein-rich plant foods also serve as sources. Thirty to 35% of the protein in wheat is glutamic acid. Ninety-five percent of the dietary glutamate is metabolized by intestinal cells in a first pass.
6. Used in Plant Growth:
Auxigro is a plant growth preparation that contains 30% glutamic acid, which aids in plant growth and development.
7. Used in NMR Spectroscopy:
In recent years, there has been much research into the use of RDCs (Residual Dipolar Couplings) in NMR spectroscopy. A glutamic acid derivative, poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG), is often used as an alignment medium to control the scale of the dipolar interactions observed.
8. Used as a Moisture Binder and Antioxidant:
Glutamic acid is an amino acid manufactured by means of fermentation, generally from a vegetable protein. It functions as a moisture binder and an antioxidant in various applications.
9. Used as a Nutrient, Dietary Supplement, and Salt Substitute:
Glutamic Acid is an amino acid that is a white crystalline powder with slight solubility in water. The salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG), functions as a flavor enhancer in meats and is also used as a nutrient, dietary supplement, and salt substitute.
History
Although they occur naturally in many foods, the flavour contributions made by glutamic acid and other amino acids were only scientifically identified early in the twentieth century. The substance was discovered and identified in the year 1866, by the German chemist Karl Heinrich Leopold Ritthausen who treated wheat gluten (for which it was named) with sulfuric acid. In 1908 Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth as glutamic acid. These crystals, when tasted, reproduced the ineffable but undeniable flavour he detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed. Professor Ikeda termed this flavour umami. He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate.
Production Methods
China-based Fufeng Group Limited is the largest producer of glutamic acid in the world, with capacity increasing to 300,000 tons at the end of 2006 , Meihua is the second - largest Chinese producer. Together, the top-five producers have roughly 50 % share in China. Chinese demand is roughly 1.1 million tons per year.
Synthesis Reference(s)
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 34, p. 1440, 1956 DOI: 10.1139/v56-184
Pharmacology
The drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamic acid non-competitively at the NMDA receptor. For the same reasons, dextromethorphan and ketamine also have strong dissociative and hallucinogenic effects. Glutamate does not easily pass the blood brain barrier, but , instead, is transported by a high-affinity transport system . It can also be converted into glutamine.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 6899-05-4 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 6,8,9 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 6899-05:
(6*6)+(5*8)+(4*9)+(3*9)+(2*0)+(1*5)=144
144 % 10 = 4
So 6899-05-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
