700-76-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Direct Access to Chiral β-Fluoroamines with Quaternary Stereogenic Center through Cooperative Cation-Binding Catalysis
Vaithiyanathan, Venkataramasubramanian,Kim, Mun Jong,Liu, Yidong,Yan, Hailong,Song, Choong Eui
, p. 1268 - 1272 (2017)
A direct route to chiral β-fluoroamines with tetrasubstituted C?F centers through the organocatalytic Mannich reaction of α-fluoro cyclic ketones and α-amidosulfones by using a chiral oligoethylene glycol as a cation-binding catalyst and KF as a base is reported. For most substrates, nearly perfect enantioselectivities were achieved even at very high temperatures (>80 °C). The salient features of this process include a) a transition-metal-free and operationally simple procedure, b) direct use of α-amidosulfones as bench-stable precursors of sensitive imines, c) direct enolization of racemic α-fluoro cyclic ketones, and d) excellent stereoselectivity up to 99 % enantiomeric excess and >20:1 diastereoselectivity (anti/syn). Thus, this protocol is easily scalable and provides a new approach for the synthesis of biologically relevant products with tetrasubstituted C?F centers. Furthermore, this protocol was also successfully extended to generate C?Cl and C?Br quaternary stereogenic centers.
Trifluorinated Tetralins via I(I)/I(III)-Catalysed Ring Expansion: Programming Conformation by [CH2CH2] → [CF2CHF] Isosterism
Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Gilmour, Ryan,Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian,Neufeld, Jessica,Stünkel, Timo
supporting information, p. 13647 - 13651 (2021/05/07)
Saturated, fluorinated carbocycles are emerging as important modules for contemporary drug discovery. To expand the current portfolio, the synthesis of novel trifluorinated tetralins has been achieved. Fluorinated methyleneindanes serve as convenient precursors and undergo efficient difluorinative ring expansion with in situ generated p-TolIF2 (>20 examples, up to >95 %). A range of diverse substituents are tolerated under standard catalysis conditions and this is interrogated by Hammett analysis. X-ray analysis indicates a preference for the CH?F bond to occupy a pseudo-axial orientation, consistent with stabilising σC?H→σC?F* interactions. The replacement of the symmetric [CH2?CH2] motif by [CF2?CHF] removes the conformational degeneracy intrinsic to the parent tetralin scaffold leading to a predictable half-chair. The conformational behavior of this novel structural balance has been investigated by computational analysis and is consistent with stereoelectronic theory.
Flow electrochemistry: a safe tool for fluorine chemistry
Rennigholtz, Tim,Winterson, Bethan,Wirth, Thomas
, p. 9053 - 9059 (2021/07/12)
The heightened activity of compounds containing fluorine, especially in the field of pharmaceuticals, provides major impetus for the development of new fluorination procedures. A scalable, versatile, and safe electrochemical fluorination protocol is conferred. The strategy proceeds through a transient (difluoroiodo)arene, generated by anodic oxidation of an iodoarene mediator. Even the isolation of iodine(iii) difluorides was facile since electrolysis was performed in the absence of other reagents. A broad range of hypervalent iodine mediated reactions were achieved in high yields by coupling the electrolysis step with downstream reactions in flow, surpassing limitations of batch chemistry. (Difluoroiodo)arenes are toxic and suffer from chemical instability, so the uninterrupted generation and immediate use in flow is highly advantageous. High flow rates facilitated productivities of up to 834?mg h?1with vastly reduced reaction times. Integration into a fully automated machine and in-line quenching was key in reducing the hazards surrounding the use of hydrofluoric acid.
Bench-Stable Electrophilic Fluorinating Reagents for Highly Selective Mono- and Difluorination of Silyl Enol Ethers
Adachi, Akiya,Aikawa, Kohsuke,Ishibashi, Yuichiro,Nozaki, Kyoko,Okazoe, Takashi
supporting information, p. 11919 - 11925 (2021/07/02)
Efficient methods for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds have been intensively studied, recently. Development of practical fluorinating reagents is indispensable for this purpose. Herein, bench-stable electrophilic fluorinating reagents were synthesized as N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) substitutes. Reagents obtained by replacing one of the NFSI sulfonyl groups with an acyl group led to the highly selective monofluorination of silyl enol ethers with suppression of undesired overreaction, that is, difluorination. On the other hand, reagents bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at NFSI benzenesulfonyl groups efficiently facilitated the difluorination of silyl enol ethers under base-free conditions. Thus, both mono- and difluorinated target materials were prepared from the same substrate.
Method for synthesizing alpha-fluorinated ketone through hydrazone aliphatic chain monoketone
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Paragraph 0086-0088, (2021/02/06)
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and provides a method for synthesizing alpha-ketone fluoride through hydrazone aliphatic chain monoketone, which comprises the following steps of: reacting aliphatic chain monoketone with hydrazine hydrate to obtain hydrazone, and reacting hydrazone with a compound represented by formula 2 under a heating condition to complete hydrazone defluorination. The fluorinated product is widely applied to medicines, the reaction conditions are mild, and the process is simple.
Decarboxylative fluorination of β-Ketoacids with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) for the synthesis of α-fluoroketones: Substrate scope and mechanistic investigation
Zhang, Rui,Ni, Chuanfa,He, Zhengbiao,Hu, Jinbo
, p. 166 - 172 (2017/09/18)
Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3)-mediated decarboxylative fluorination of β-ketoacids using NFSI in the MeCN/H2O mixed solvent system affords α-fluoroketones with a broad scope. Both electron-rich and electron-deficient α-non-substituted β-ketoacids are amenable to this protocol. The mechanistic study indicates that the reaction proceeds through electrophilic fluorination followed by decarboxylation, which is different from the decarboxylative fluorination of normal carboxylic acids.
Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Arylation of α-Fluoroketones
Jiao, Zhiwei,Beiger, Jason J.,Jin, Yushu,Ge, Shaozhong,Zhou, Jianrong Steve,Hartwig, John F.
supporting information, p. 15980 - 15986 (2016/12/23)
The transition-metal-catalyzed α-arylation of carbonyl compounds is a widely practiced method for C-C bond formation. Several enantioselective versions of this process have been reported, but intermolecular, enantioselective coupling reactions of aryl electrophiles with α-fluoro carbonyl compounds have yet to be disclosed. We report enantioselective coupling of aryl and heteroaryl bromides and triflates with α-fluoroindanones catalyzed by palladium complexes of a BINOL-derived monophosphine and Segphos, respectively. The enolates were generated directly from α-fluoroindanones in the presence of potassium phosphate base during the reactions. We also report that reactions of α-fluorotetralones occur in high yields and enantioselectivities when conducted with enolates generated by elimination of trifluoroacetate from trifluoromethyl β-diketone hydrates. These reactions were catalyzed by palladium complexes of the commercially available bisphosphine Difluorphos. Thus, the formation of enantioenriched α-aryl-α-fluoroketones can be readily achieved by C-C bond formation when the appropriate palladium catalyst and α-fluoro enolate precursor were used.
Exploiting a Difference in Leaving Group Ability: An Approach to β-Substituted Monofluoroalkenes Using gem-Chlorofluoropropenes
Hamel, Jean-Denys,Cloutier, Mélissa,Paquin, Jean-Fran?ois
supporting information, p. 1852 - 1855 (2016/05/19)
The superior nucleofuge character of chlorine over fluorine was taken advantage of in the selective SN2′ substitution reaction of gem-chlorofluoropropenes, allowing for the clean formation of β-substituted monofluoroalkenes under metal-free conditions. Numerous N-, S-, O-, and C-nucleophiles behaved nicely in this system. Further synthetic transformations of selected monofluoroalkenes were also accomplished.
Mild and selective α-fluorination of carbonyl compounds (ketones, 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, α-nitroketones, and β-ketonitriles) with Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF4) in imidazolium ILs [BMIM/PF6 or BMIM/NTf2] with Br?nsted-acidic IL [PMIM(SO3H)/OTf] as promoter
Reddy, A. Srinivas,Laali, Kenneth K.
supporting information, p. 5495 - 5499 (2015/09/21)
Structurally diverse ketones, 1,3-diketones, and β-ketoesters, were selectively monofluorinated with Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF4) (1 equiv) in [BMIM][PF6] as solvent and [PMIM(SO3H)][OTf] as promoter under mild conditions. In selected cases, the monofluorinated products were transformed to the gem-difluoro derivatives by employing an additional equivalent of Selectfluor, and gem-difluoro-derivatives were synthesized directly from the substrates by employing 2 equiv of Selectfluor. The method was extended to monofluorination of representative α-nitroketones and β-ketonitriles using [BMIM][NTf2] without the need for promoters. The described method offers the added advantage of recycling and reuse of the IL solvent. (Chemical Equation Presented).
Hypervalent iodine-promoted α-fluorination of acetophenone derivatives with a triethylamine·hf complex
Kitamura, Tsugio,Muta, Kensuke,Muta, Kazutaka
, p. 5842 - 5846 (2014/07/08)
The direct fluorination reaction of acetophenone using iodosylarenes and TEA·5HF was conducted under mild conditions except for use of a HF reagent. The fluorination reaction was applied to acetophenone derivatives, acetonaphthones, benzyl phenyl ketone, propiophenone, butyrophenone, 1-indanone, and phenacyl chloride, giving selectively the corresponding α-fluoroketone derivatives in good yields.
