75092-04-5Relevant articles and documents
Azo synthesis meets molecular iodine catalysis
Rowshanpour, Rozhin,Dudding, Travis
, p. 7251 - 7256 (2021/02/26)
A metal-free synthetic protocol for azo compound formation by the direct oxidation of hydrazine HN-NH bonds to azo group functionality catalyzed by molecular iodine is disclosed. The strengths of this reactivity include rapid reaction times, low catalyst loadings, use of ambient dioxygen as a stoichiometric oxidant, and ease of experimental set-up and azo product isolation. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory computations offering insight into this reactivity, as well as the events leading to azo group formation are presented. Collectively, this study expands the potential of main-group element iodine as an inexpensive catalyst, while delivering a useful transformation for forming azo compounds.
Oxidative dimerization of anilines with heterogeneous sulfonic acid catalysts
Paris, Emanuele,Bigi, Franca,Cauzzi, Daniele,Maggi, Raimondo,Maestri, Giovanni
supporting information, p. 382 - 386 (2018/02/07)
We report herein that suitably supported perfluorosulfonic acids can catalyze the oxidative dimerization of anilines using hydrogen peroxide as a clean oxidant. The reaction does not require the use of organic solvents and affords desired azobenzenes and water as products, minimizing the formation of wastes. The metal-free solid catalyst shows remarkable activity and selectivity for the reaction, which occurs under very mild conditions and with broad functional group tolerance.
Oxidative dimerization of (hetero)aromatic amines utilizing t-BuOI leading to (hetero)aromatic azo compounds: Scope and mechanistic studies
Okumura, Sota,Lin, Chun-Hsuan,Takeda, Youhei,Minakata, Satoshi
, p. 12090 - 12105 (2014/01/06)
A straightforward synthetic method of both symmetric and unsymmetric aromatic azo compounds through an efficient and cross-selective oxidative dimerization of aromatic amines using tert-butyl hypoiodite (t-BuOI) under metal-free and mild conditions has been developed. This method was also found applicable to the synthesis of heteroaromatic azo compounds. The spectroscopic study indicates the involvement of N,N-diiodoanilines in the oxidative reaction as the key intermediate.