77332-77-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Converting core compounds into building blocks: The concept of regiochemically exhaustive functionalization
Marzi, Elena,Bobbio, Carla,Cottet, Fabrice,Schlosser, Manfred
, p. 2116 - 2123 (2007/10/03)
In a model study, 3-fluorophenol and 3-fluoropyridine were converted into the each time four possible carboxylic acids by passing through the corresponding organometallic intermediates. As an attempt to generalize the findings reveals, a restricted set of principles and methods suffices to cope with all standard scenarios. The most valuable and versatile tools for the regiochemically exhaustive functionalization of a great variety of substrate patterns are the optionally site-selective metalation (either by reagent/substrate matching or by peripheral coordination control), the use of activating or congesting protective groups and the basicity gradient-driven heavy halogen migration (followed by halogen/metal permutation). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005.
REGIOSELECTIVE ORTHO-LITHIATION OF HALOPYRIDINES. SYNTHESES OF ORTHO-DISUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES AND A CONVENIENT GENERATION OF 3,4-PYRIDYNE
Gribble, Gordon W.,Saulnier, Mark G.
, p. 151 - 169 (2007/10/02)
The regioselective ortho-lithiation of 3-chloro- (4), 3-fluoro- (7), 3-bromo- (10), 2-chloro- (22), and 4-chloropyridine (25) with lithium diisopropylamide affords, after quenching with various electrophiles, the corresponding ortho-disubstituted pyridine
REVIEW ON THE METALLATION OF ?-DEFICIENT HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; REGIOSELECTIVE ORTHO-LITHIATION OF 3-FLUOROPYRIDINE: DIRECTING EFFECTS AND APPLICATION TO SYNTHESIS OF 2,3- OR 3,4-DISUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES
Marsais, Francis,Queguiner, Guy
, p. 2009 - 2021 (2007/10/02)
Metallation of ?-deficient heterocyclic compounds is first reviewed, which shows the important recent developments in this research area.A particular aspect of this reaction is then given with the study of the 3-fluoropyridine metallation regioselectivity.Lithiation of 3-fluoropyridine is chemoselective at low temperatures using butyllithium-polyamine chelates or lithium diisopropylamide.Protophilic attack by these strong bases can be directed either at the 2- or 4-position depending on the lithiation conditions.Various reaction parameters are thus studied such as solvent, temperature, reaction time, lithium-chelating agent as well as metallating agent.The high regioselectivity of 3-fluoropyridine lithiation is theoretically discused, in particular in terms of kinetic of thermodynamic control of the metallation.Chelation between butyllithium and 3-fluoropyridine is proposed, which completely modifies the heterocycle reactivity toward the lithiating agent.This is confirmed by theoretical quantum calculations performed on different models of 3-fluoropyridine using the CNDO/2.These results allow to select the best 3-fluoropyridine-metallation conditions which lead to 3-fluoro-2-lithiopyridine on the one hand and to 3-fluoro-4-lithiopyridine on the other hand.Each of the lithiated isomers is then reacted with a great variety of electrophiles which gives very conveniently the corresponding 2,3- or 3,4-disubstituted pyridines.
Regioselective ortho lithiation of halopyridines
Gribble, Gordon W.,Saulnier, Mark G.
, p. 4137 - 4140 (2007/10/02)
Regioselective ortho lithiation of 2-, 3-, and 4-halopyridines is achieved with lithium diisopropylamide (-78°, tetrahydrofuran) to afford, upon quenching with electrophilic reagents, 2,3- and 3,4-disubstituted pyridines in good to excellent yield.
