7789-23-3 Usage
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 7789-23-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Potassium fluoride, KF, is a colorless, deliquescent crystalline solid that has a melting point of 846 °C(1550 °F). Potassium fluoride has a salty taste and is poisonous. It is soluble in water,but insoluble in alcohol. Potassium fluoride is used in etching glass,preservatives, and insecticides.
2. White, crystalline, deliquescent powder;
sharp saline taste.Soluble in water and hydrogen
fluoride, insoluble in alcohol.
3. Potassium fluoride is a white crystalline
solid.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Potassium fluoride is basis raw material of manufacturing fluoride, chemical formula is KF. Molecular weight is 58.10. It is colorless cubic crystal or white powder. It is poisonous! It is deliquescent. Taste is salty. Specific gravity is 2.48. Melting point is 858℃. Boiling point is 1505℃. It is soluble in water. It was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid and ammonia. It is insoluble in ethanol, acetone. Aqueous solution is alkaline and it can corrode glass and porcelain. It can cause irritation for human skin, mucous membrane and eye. When belows 40.2℃, it can crystallize in an aqueous solution to give dihydrate KF·2H2O, which is monoclinic, it is self-dissolved crystalline water at 41℃. It can be obtained by the thermal decomposition of potassium hydrogen fluoride or potassium carbonate (or potassium hydroxide) and hydrofluoric acid (40% or anhydrous). It can be used for glass engraving, food preservation, it can be also used as welding flux, fluoride, pesticides,etc.
Figure 1 the structural formula of potassium fluoride.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 7789-23-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Anhydrous Potassium fluoride is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst for various reactions, or to introduce fluorine into organic molecules. For example, fluoro compounds can be prepared by replacing labile chlorine atoms by fluorine atoms, as in the manufacture of sodium fluoroacetate, a rat poison. The nucleophilic strength of F? and the solubility of KF in aprotic organic solvents may be improved by using crown ethers. The “naked” fluoride ion obtained is an efficient fluorinating agent.
2. ▼▲
Industry
Application
Role/benefit
Organic synthesis
Preparation of various organic fluoride
Fluorinating agent/replaces other halide ions like chlorine, bromine etc.
Chemical manufacture
Manufacture of polyurethanes and alkyl benzenes
Catalyst/promote the reaction rate
Manufacture of pesticides and insecticides
Fluorinating agent; ingredient
Manufacture of potassium bifluoride
Raw material
Metallurgy
Soldering
Soldering fluxes/help to remove oxide film
Tin plating
Plating composition/source of fluoride
Glass
Etching of glass
Glass etching composition; source of fluoride
Others
Food and wood preservative
Source of fluoride
Absorption of hf and moisture
Adsorbent/anhydrous potassium fluoride has hydroscopicity
Complexometric titration of tantalum
Masking agent
Extraction of tantalum from ore
Precipitator/reacts with fluorotantalic acid to precipitate potassium fluorotantalate
3. Potassium fluoride is used in metal finishing, batteries, coatings and photographic chemicals. It is utilized for the study of ion-specific swelling and de-swelling of ampholytic polymer gels as well as in the measurement of electronic polarizabilities of ions in polymers of alkali halides. It finds application in the electronic industry as a metal surface treatment product. It is used as a preservative, a food additive, a catalyzer and a water absorbing agent. In the Finkelstein reaction, it is actively involved in the conversion of chlorocarbons to fluorocarbons using polar solvents like dimethyl formamide and ethylene glycol.
Preparation
Potassium fluoride is prepared by reacting potassium carbonate (or KOH) with aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Care is necessary in handling the anhydrous salt, to prevent its hydration.
Reactivity Profile
Potassium fluoride reacts with acids to evolve corrosive and toxic hydrogen fluoride. Aqueous solutions corrode glass and consequently are prepared and stored in polyethylene containers. The pure solid may be stored in glass containers. Reacts violently with (Pt + BrF3). [NTP 1992].
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by
subcutaneous route. Experimental
teratogenic effects. A corrosive irritant to
the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
Mutation data reported. A very reactive
material. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of K2O and F-. Used in
etchmg glass, as a presewative, as an
insecticide, and in organic synthesis. See also
FLUORIDES and HYDROFLUORIC
ACID.
Potential Exposure
Potassium fluoride is used in etching
glass; as a preservative and insecticide.
Shipping
UN1812 Potassium fluoride, solid, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with strong acids; reacts
releasing hydrogen fluoride. Aqueous solutions corrode
glass and consequently are prepared and stored in polyeth-
ylene containers. The pure solid may be stored in glass
containers. Reacts violently with (Pt 1 BrF 3 )
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7789-23-3 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,7,8 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7789-23:
(6*7)+(5*7)+(4*8)+(3*9)+(2*2)+(1*3)=143
143 % 10 = 3
So 7789-23-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/FH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
7789-23-3Relevant articles and documents
Investigation of KYF4: Yb, Er // KYF4 nanocrystals - Mechanism of the KYF4 formation
Sch?fer,Ptacek,Hickmann,Prinz,Neumann,Haase
, p. 1914 - 1920 (2009)
This paper presents our investigation of the formation mechanism of cubic phase Yb3+ and Er 3+ doped nanoscale KYF4. We generated Yb, Er doped KYF4 nanoparticles, modified with undoped KYF4 following
Rebertus,R.L. et al.
, p. 1944 - 1947 (1967)
Measurement of absolute rate data for the reaction of atomic potassium, K(4 2S1/2), with CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CF3Br and SF6 as a function of temperature by time-resolved atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy at λ = 404 nm [k(5 2PJ) ← K(4 2S1/2)]
Husain, David,Lee, Yook Heng
, p. 2325 - 2337 (1987)
We present a kinetic study of the reactions of atomic potassium in its electronic ground state, K(42S1/2), with the molecules CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CF3Br and SF6. Atomic potassium was generated by pulsed irradiation of potassium halide vapour at elevated temperatures and monitored in the 'single-shot mode' by time-resolved atomic resonance absorption using the Rydberg doublet at λ = 404 nm [K(5 2PJ) ← K(4 2S1/2)]. Absolute rate constants for reaction with these molecules were determined as a function of temperature yielding the following Arrhenius parameters (errors 1σ): A/10-10 cm3 molecules-1 s-1 E/kJ mol-1 CF3Cl 1.1±0.5 13.8±2.5 CF2Cl2 2.1±0.6 5.5±0.5 CFCl3 ca. 1 ca. 0 CF3Br 3.9±0.4 12.3±0.6 SF6 8.4±1.33 12.3±0.9 CF4 exhibited anomalous kinetic behaviour. These results represent the first kinetic measurements, relative or absolute, for these fundamental reactions of atomic potassium. This new set of absolute rate data are compared with analogous results reported hitherto for atomic sodium, Na(3 2S1/2), both alkali-metal atoms exhibiting rapid reactions characterised by small energy barriers and being highly exothermic in character.
Wet chemical synthesis of LiBaF3 phosphor
Singh, Vartika S.,Joshi,Moharil
, p. 165 - 168 (2013)
LiBaF3 has great potential applications as X-ray storage phosphor, slow neutron imaging, scintillator, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) optical lithography, etc. Conventionally, LiBaF3 is prepared by solid state reaction between the constituent fluorides. However, the preparation of phase pure material and especially single crystals is rather tricky due to incongruent melting. For the first time, a wet chemical preparation of rare earth activated LiBaF3 is described here. As precipitated powders containing Ce 3+ or Tb3+ exhibited characteristic luminescence. For observing Eu2+ emission, it was necessary to heat the powders in a reductive atmosphere. It is suggested that phosphors prepared by this method may prove useful in applications like OSL, X-ray imaging, etc. which do not require large single crystals.
A novel 18F labelled imidazo-oxazolopyridine derivative as β-amyloid imaging agent: Synthesis and preliminary evaluation
Singh, Shivani,Singh, Sweta,Tiwari, Anjani Kumar,Sharma, Rakesh Kumar,Mathur, Rashi,Kaul, Ankur
, p. 183 - 190 (2018)
Visualization of β-amyloid plaques in brain is pivotal for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we have designed, synthesized and evaluated an imidazo-oxazolopyridine derivative, 2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6- yl]oxa
The crystal structure of α-K3AIF6: Elpasolites and double perovskites with broken corner-sharing connectivity of the octahedral framework
Abakumov, Artem M.,King, Graham,Laurinavichute, Veronika K.,Rozova, Marina G.,Woodward, Patrick M.,Antipov, Evgeny V.
, p. 9336 - 9344 (2009)
The crystal structure of α-K3AIF6 was solved and refined from a combination of powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data (a = 18.8385(3)A, c = 33.9644(6)A, S.G. /41 Z= 80, R P(X-ray) = 0.037, Rp(neutr
NHC-Copper Mediated Ligand-Directed Radiofluorination of Aryl Halides
Sharninghausen, Liam S.,Brooks, Allen F.,Winton, Wade P.,Makaravage, Katarina J.,Scott, Peter J. H.,Sanford, Melanie S.
supporting information, p. 7362 - 7367 (2020/08/19)
[18F]-labeled aryl fluorides are widely used as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Aryl halides (ArX) are particularly attractive precursors to these radiotracers, as they are readily available, inexpensive, and stable. However, to date, the direct preparation of [18F]-aryl fluorides from aryl halides remains limited to SNAr reactions between highly activated ArX substrates and K18F. This report describes an aryl halide radiofluorination reaction in which the C(sp2)-18F bond is formed via a copper-mediated pathway. Copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes serve as mediators for this transformation, using aryl halide substrates with directing groups at the ortho position. This reaction is applied to the radiofluorination of electronically diverse aryl halide derivatives, including the bioactive molecules vismodegib and PH089.
Synthesis of [18F]Arenes via the Copper-Mediated [18F]Fluorination of Boronic Acids
Mossine, Andrew V.,Brooks, Allen F.,Makaravage, Katarina J.,Miller, Jason M.,Ichiishi, Naoko,Sanford, Melanie S.,Scott, Peter J. H.
supporting information, p. 5780 - 5783 (2015/12/11)
A copper-mediated radiofluorination of aryl- and vinylboronic acids with K18F is described. This method exhibits high functional group tolerance and is effective for the radiofluorination of a range of electron-deficient, -neutral, and -rich aryl-, heteroaryl-, and vinylboronic acids. This method has been applied to the synthesis of [18F]FPEB, a PET radiotracer for quantifying metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors.
