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Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a white crystalline solid that is widely distributed in nature. It is an essential component of most food preparations, providing flavor and the sodium nutritional requirement. Sodium chloride is also used for preserving food and has various applications in the chemical industry, agriculture, and other fields.

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  • 7647-14-5 Structure
  • Basic information

    1. Product Name: Sodium chloride
    2. Synonyms: Sodium chloride puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%;Sodium chloride puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.0-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance), ;Sodium chloride random crystals, optical grade, 99.98% trace metals basis;Sodium chloride ReagentPlus(R), >=99%;Sodium chloride Redi-Dri(TM), anhydrous, free-flowing, ACS reagent, >=99%;Sodium chloride Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%;BICINE HIGH PURITY GRADE;BORIC ACID SODIUM DECAHYDRATE NF GRADE
    3. CAS NO:7647-14-5
    4. Molecular Formula: ClNa
    5. Molecular Weight: 58.44277
    6. EINECS: 231-598-3
    7. Product Categories: #N/A;Inorganics;Chemistry;Analytical Reagents;Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS);Digestion Reagents;Pure Salts for Melting Digestions (Trace SELECT)Analytical/Chromatography;Trace Analysis Reagents;Embryo Culture;Reagents and Media SupplementsSynthetic Reagents;Specialty Media Systems;Inorganic Salts;ACS Grade BuffersBiological Buffers;ACS GradeBiological Buffers;Buffers A to ZSynthetic Reagents;Acids and BasesEssential Chemicals;Biochemicals and Reagents;Denaturation;Routine Reagents;Synthetic Reagents;SN - SZ;SN - SZCertified Reference Materials (CRMs);Alphabetic;Application CRMs;S;Titrimetry;Titrimetry CRMs;TitrimetryAnalytical Standards;S - Z;Salt Solutions;Volumetric Solutions;Biotechnology Performance Certified (BPC) BuffersBiological Buffers;Buffer Convenience Packaging;Buffer SolutionsBiological Buffers;HPLC;HPLC Buffer;HPLC Buffer - SolidChromatography/CE Reagents;HPLC Buffers;Solid;Anionic SolutionsChromatography;Anionic Standard
    8. Mol File: 7647-14-5.mol
  • Chemical Properties

    1. Melting Point: 801 °C(lit.)
    2. Boiling Point: 100 °C750 mm Hg
    3. Flash Point: 1413°C
    4. Appearance: White/tablets
    5. Density: 1.199 g/mL at 20 °C
    6. Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 865 °C)
    7. Refractive Index: n20/D 1.378
    8. Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
    9. Solubility: H2O: soluble
    10. Water Solubility: 360 g/L (20 ºC)
    11. Sensitive: Hygroscopic
    12. Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
    13. Merck: 14,8599
    14. BRN: 3534976
    15. CAS DataBase Reference: Sodium chloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
    16. NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium chloride(7647-14-5)
    17. EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium chloride(7647-14-5)
  • Safety Data

    1. Hazard Codes: Xi
    2. Statements: 36-36/37/38-22
    3. Safety Statements: 24/25-26-36
    4. WGK Germany: 1
    5. RTECS: VZ4725000
    6. F: 3-10
    7. TSCA: Yes
    8. HazardClass: N/A
    9. PackingGroup: N/A
    10. Hazardous Substances Data: 7647-14-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

7647-14-5 Usage

Uses

1. Used in Food Industry:
Sodium chloride is used as a flavor enhancer and preservative for food, providing the sodium nutritional requirement and helping to maintain water balance in cells, nerve signal transmission, and muscle contraction.
2. Used in Chemical Industry:
Sodium chloride is used as a starting material for manufacturing important industrial chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and metallic sodium.
3. Used in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Applications:
Sodium chloride is used as a component of PBS and SSC buffers, facilitating various research and diagnostic processes.
4. Used in Agriculture:
Halite, a naturally occurring sodium chloride deposit, is used in the agricultural industry, particularly in the formation of common potash ore, sylvinite, along with sylvite (KCl).
5. Used in Dyeing and Printing Fabrics, Glazing Pottery, Making Soap, and Curing Hides:
Sodium chloride is used in these industries due to its properties as a salt, which aids in various processes and reactions.
6. Used in Medical Applications:
Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is used to combat dehydration as an electrolyte replenisher and is also used as an emetic.
7. Used in Environmental Applications:
Sodium chloride is used by highway departments to control icy road conditions.
8. Used in Photography:
Sodium chloride was used by L. J. M. Daguerre and W. H. F. Talbot as a stabilizer before fixing with hypo was adopted.
9. Used in Organic Chemistry:
Sodium chloride facilitates the cross-coupling of organostannanes with iodides without using palladium.
10. Used as an Electrolyte, Buffer, and Matrix Modification:
Sodium chloride is used in various applications, such as electrolyte replenishment, buffering solutions, and matrix modification in analytical chemistry.

Preparation

Sodium chloride is produced by solar evaporation of seawater or brine from underground salt deposits. It also is produced by mining rock salt. The commercial product contains small amounts of calcium and magnesium chlorides.

Production Methods

Sodium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral halite. Commercially, it is obtained by the solar evaporation of sea water, by mining, or by the evaporation of brine from underground salt deposits.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

Sodium chloride is generally unreactive. Releases gaseous hydrogen chloride if mixed with a concentrated nonvolatile acid such as sulfuric acid.

Fire Hazard

Literature sources indicate that Sodium chloride is nonflammable.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sodium chloride is widely used in a variety of parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations, where the primary use is to produce isotonic solutions. Sodium chloride has been used as a lubricant and diluent in capsules and direct-compression tablet formulations in the past, although this practice is no longer common. Sodium chloride has also been used as a channeling agent and as an osmotic agent in the cores of controlled-release tablets. It has been used as a porosity modifier in tablet coatings, and to control drug release from microcapsules. The addition of sodium chloride to aqueous spray-coating solutions containing hydroxypropyl cellulose or hypromellose suppresses the agglomeration of crystalline cellulose particles.(13) Sodium chloride can also be used to modify drug release from gels and from emulsions. It can be used to control micelle size, and to adjust the viscosity of polymer dispersions by altering the ionic character of a formulation.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Sodium chloride helps to stimulate the stable induction of T-helper cell 17 (TH17) cells.

Clinical Use

Treatment and prophylaxis of sodium chloride deficiency

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal and intracervical routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by ingestion: blood pressure increase. Human reproductive effects by intraplacental route: terminates pregnancy. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. When bulk sodium chloride is heated to high temperature, a vapor is emitted that is irritating, particularly to the eyes. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium chloride can cause irritation of the stomach. Improper use of salt tablets may produce this effect. Potentially explosive reaction with dichloromaleic anhydride + urea. Electrolysis of mixtures with nitrogen compounds may form the explosive nitrogen trichloride. Reaction with burning lithmm forms the dangerously reactive sodmm. The molten salt at 11 00' reacts explosively with water. Violent reaction with BrF3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland Na2O.

Safety

Sodium chloride is the most important salt in the body for maintaining the osmotic tension of blood and tissues. About 5–12 g of sodium chloride is consumed daily, in the normal adult diet, and a corresponding amount is excreted in the urine. As an excipient, sodium chloride may be regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, toxic effects following the oral ingestion of 0.5–1.0 g/kg body-weight in adults may occur. The oral ingestion of larger quantities of sodium chloride, e.g. 1000 g in 600mL of water, is harmful and can induce irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, hypernatremia, respiratory distress, convulsions, or death. In rats, the minimum lethal intravenous dose is 2.5 g/kg bodyweight. LD50 (mouse, IP): 6.61 g/kg LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.65 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.0 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 3.0 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 3.0 g/kg

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs May impair the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in chronic renal failure.

Metabolism

Excess sodium is mainly excreted by the kidney, and small amounts are lost in the faeces and sweat.

storage

Aqueous sodium chloride solutions are stable but may cause the separation of glass particles from certain types of glass containers. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. The solid material is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place. It has been shown that the compaction characteristics and the mechanical properties of tablets are influenced by the relative humidity of the storage conditions under which sodium chloride was kept.

Purification Methods

It is recrystallised from a saturated aqueous solution (2.7mL/g) by passing in HCl gas, or by adding EtOH or acetone. It can be freed from bromide and iodide impurities by adding chlorine water to an aqueous solution and boiling it for some time to expel free bromine and iodine. Traces of iron can be removed by prolonged boiling of solid NaCl in 6M HCl; the crystals are then washed with EtOH and dried at ca 100o. Sodium chloride has been purified by sublimation in a stream of pre-purified N2 and collected by electrostatic discharge [Ross & Winkler J Am Chem Soc 76 2637 1954]. For use as a primary analytical standard, analytical reagent grade NaCl should be finely ground, dried in an electric furnace at 500-600o in a platinum crucible, and allowed to cool in a desiccator. For most purposes, however, drying at 110-120o is satisfactory.

Incompatibilities

Aqueous sodium chloride solutions are corrosive to iron. They also react to form precipitates with silver, lead, and mercury salts. Strong oxidizing agents liberate chlorine from acidified solutions of sodium chloride. The solubility of the antimicrobial preservative methylparaben is decreased in aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the viscosity of carbomer gels and solutions of hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose is reduced by the addition of sodium chloride.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; inhalations; nasal, ophthalmic, oral, otic, rectal, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 7647-14-5 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,4 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7647-14:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*4)+(3*7)+(2*1)+(1*4)=115
115 % 10 = 5
So 7647-14-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1/i;1-1

7647-14-5 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • Alfa Aesar

  • (10862)  Sodium chloride, Puratronic?, 99.999% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 25g

  • 695.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (10862)  Sodium chloride, Puratronic?, 99.999% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 100g

  • 2057.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (10862)  Sodium chloride, Puratronic?, 99.999% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 500g

  • 7640.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (13683)  Sodium chloride, ultra dry, 99.998% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 5g

  • 748.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (13683)  Sodium chloride, ultra dry, 99.998% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 25g

  • 3544.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (35716)  Sodium chloride, ultra dry, 99.99% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 5g

  • 386.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (35716)  Sodium chloride, ultra dry, 99.99% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 25g

  • 1447.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (35716)  Sodium chloride, ultra dry, 99.99% (metals basis)   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 100g

  • 3859.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (12314)  Sodium chloride, ACS, 99.0% min   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 500g

  • 432.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (12314)  Sodium chloride, ACS, 99.0% min   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 2kg

  • 703.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (12314)  Sodium chloride, ACS, 99.0% min   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 10kg

  • 928.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (38467)  Sodium chloride crystal optic rectangle, 38.5mm x 19.5mm x 4mm, polished both sides   

  • 7647-14-5

  • 1each

  • 505.0CNY

  • Detail

7647-14-5SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 16, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 16, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name sodium chloride

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names sodium hydrochloride

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:7647-14-5 SDS

7647-14-5Synthetic route

Iodine monochloride
7790-99-0

Iodine monochloride

sodium sulfate
7757-82-6

sodium sulfate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
evaporated, with excess of ICl;100%
evaporated, with excess of ICl;100%
sodium nitrate
7631-99-4

sodium nitrate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In neat (no solvent) passing dry HCl over NaNO3 at 130°C over period of 2 to 3 h;; slow heating to 400°C to get rid of HNO3 traces;;100%
With HCl In neat (no solvent) passing dry HCl over NaNO3 at 130°C over period of 2 to 3 h;; slow heating to 400°C to get rid of HNO3 traces;;100%
dihydrogen peroxide
7722-84-1

dihydrogen peroxide

chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

sodium hydroxide
1310-73-2

sodium hydroxide

oxygen
7782-44-7

oxygen

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water H2O2 soln. poured onto porous glass plate within the singlet O2 generator (closed glass system, under Ar), spent liquid discarded into the lower flask, Cl2 (1-2 kPa) admitted, alkali soln. poured in, evolution of singlet O2 over a period of 12-16 min.; luminiscence spectroscopy, calorimetry;A 100%
B n/a
dineopentylgalliumchloride
113976-09-3

dineopentylgalliumchloride

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

A

((CH3)3CCH2)2GaNH2

((CH3)3CCH2)2GaNH2

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium In neat (no solvent) Ar-atmosphere; stirring (-70°C, 1 h); evapn., extg. (pentane); elem. anal.;A n/a
B 100%
sodium tetrahydroborate
16940-66-2

sodium tetrahydroborate

lithium chloride

lithium chloride

A

lithium borohydride

lithium borohydride

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,3-dioxolane In further solvent(s) (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 25-74°C for 1-48 h in 1,3-dioxolane; heated (vac.);A 99%
B n/a
With isopropylamine In further solvent(s) (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 25-34°C for 2-8 hin isopropylamine; heated (vac.);A 97-100
B n/a
With C4H8O In tetrahydrofuran (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 25-67°C for 1-48 h in THF; heated (vac.);
With diethyl ether In diethyl ether (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 35°C for 1-48 h in Et2O; heated (vac.);
With 1,2-dimethoxyethane In 1,2-dimethoxyethane (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 0-85°C for 1-72 hin monoglyme; heated (vac.);
hydrogenchloride
7647-01-0

hydrogenchloride

sodium carbonate
497-19-8

sodium carbonate

A

H2CO3*CH3CH2OCH2CH3
116973-99-0

H2CO3*CH3CH2OCH2CH3

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl etherA 99%
B n/a
In diethyl etherA 99%
B n/a
hydrogenchloride
7647-01-0

hydrogenchloride

sodium carbonate
497-19-8

sodium carbonate

A

Kohlenstoffoxid-bis-(hydroxid)-mono-dimethylaetherat
3890-73-1

Kohlenstoffoxid-bis-(hydroxid)-mono-dimethylaetherat

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In Dimethyl etherA 99%
B n/a
In Dimethyl etherA 99%
B n/a
Na2[(C10H8)(Ga(CH2C(CH3)3)2Cl)2]

Na2[(C10H8)(Ga(CH2C(CH3)3)2Cl)2]

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

A

((CH3)3CCH2)2GaNH2

((CH3)3CCH2)2GaNH2

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran Ar-atmosphere; stirring (-78°C, 18 h); evapn. (vac.), drying (dynamic vac., 40 h), extg. (pentane), filtering, subliming (55°C);A 52%
B 99%
sodium azide

sodium azide

copper dichloride

copper dichloride

A

copper(I) nitride

copper(I) nitride

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: N2; High Pressure; CuCl2 and NaN3 ground, placed into a stainless steel reactor, solvent added, sealed, heated to ca. 50°C, ca. 100°C, and 185°C with regulated rates (the total react. time of ca. 3-5 d); cooled to room temp., dried (vac.), NaCl sepd. with MeOH under N2, filtered, dried (vac.); obtained as nanocrystals;A 98%
B n/a
In toluene byproducts: N2; High Pressure; CuCl2 and NaN3 ground, placed into a stainless steel reactor, solvent added, sealed, heated to ca. 50°C, ca. 100°C, and 185°C with regulated rates (the total react. time of ca. 3-5 d); cooled to room temp., dried (vac.), NaCl sepd. with MeOH under N2, filtered, dried (vac.); obtained as nanocrystals;A 85%
B n/a
In m-xylene at 116-135°C for 14 h to 1.5 d; not isolated, detected by IR, XRD;
(naphthalene)Yb2(THF)3(NaCl)3

(naphthalene)Yb2(THF)3(NaCl)3

A

ytterbium(III) oxide

ytterbium(III) oxide

B

naphthalene
91-20-3

naphthalene

C

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With air In tetrahydrofuran stirred for 18 h under dry air; centrifuged, washed with benzene and water (Yb2O3), naphthalene detd. by GLC in the organic layer, aq. soln. contains NaCl;A 98%
B 98%
C 96%
(vinyl)trimethoxylsilane
2768-02-7

(vinyl)trimethoxylsilane

sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

copper dichloride

copper dichloride

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

A

copper sodium vinylsiloxane

copper sodium vinylsiloxane

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; water Na addn. to methanolic soln. of Si-compd., refluxing (1 h), methanolic soln. of Cu-compd. addn., refluxing (2 h), MeOH distillation off with simultaneous addn. of butanol, refluxing (15 min); NaCl filtration off, solvent evapn. to crystn., after 48 h crystals sepn., drying (20°C); elem. anal.;A 97.6%
B 98%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine
13822-56-5

3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine

sodium hydroxide
1310-73-2

sodium hydroxide

copper dichloride

copper dichloride

A

copper sodium γ-aminopropylsiloxane

copper sodium γ-aminopropylsiloxane

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; water Si-compd. dissoln. in MeOH, aq. soln. of NaOH addn., refluxing (1 h), soln. of Cu-compd. in MeOH addn., refluxing (30 min), MeOH distillation off with simultaneous addn. of EtOH; NaCl filtration off, solvent removing; elem. anal.;A 93%
B 98%
2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trithiatristanninane
16892-64-1

2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trithiatristanninane

N-chloro-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide sodium salt
30066-82-1

N-chloro-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide sodium salt

A

CH3OSn(CH3)2S(NSO2C6H4Cl)Sn(CH3)2SSn(CH3)2NHSO2C6H4Cl
206008-10-8

CH3OSn(CH3)2S(NSO2C6H4Cl)Sn(CH3)2SSn(CH3)2NHSO2C6H4Cl

B

sulfur
7704-34-9

sulfur

C

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol soln. of N-compd. addn. to soln. of Sn compd. (vacuum, stirring), heating (50°C, 30 min); mixture cooling (ice bath), ppt. filtration off and extracting with water to remove NaCl and with acetone to remove S, alcoholic filtrate vacuumevapn., residue treating with diethyl ether, soln. decanting and vacuum evapn.; elem. anal.;A 92%
B 33%
C 98%
phenyl trimethylsiloxane
2996-92-1

phenyl trimethylsiloxane

sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

copper dichloride

copper dichloride

A

copper sodium phenylsiloxane

copper sodium phenylsiloxane

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol; water elem. anal.;A 90.3%
B 96%
(vinyl)trimethoxylsilane
2768-02-7

(vinyl)trimethoxylsilane

sodium hydroxide
1310-73-2

sodium hydroxide

manganese(ll) chloride

manganese(ll) chloride

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

A

manganese vinylsiloxane

manganese vinylsiloxane

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; water soln. of NaOH addn. to soln. of Si-compd., refluxing, soln. of Mn-compd.addn., refluxing, MeOH distillation off with simultaneous addn. of buta nol; NaCl filtration off, solvent evapn.; elem. anal.;A 87%
B 95.5%
tributyltin chloride
1461-22-9

tributyltin chloride

sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

benzildioxime
23873-81-6

benzildioxime

A

C6H5C(NOH)C(NO)C6H5Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)3
256524-18-2

C6H5C(NOH)C(NO)C6H5Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)3

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In isopropyl alcohol; benzene strictly anhydrous conditions; addn. of Na to excess of i-PrOH, refluxing (0.5 h), cooling, addn. of oxime, refluxing (2 h), cooling, addn. of stoichiom. amt. of Sn compound in benzene, refluxing (2 h); sovent removal (reduced pressure), filtration off of NaCl, crystn. (benzene/petroleum ether); elem. anal.;A 95%
B n/a
CYANAMID
420-04-2

CYANAMID

cyanogen chloride
506-77-4

cyanogen chloride

A

sodium N-cyanoisourea
76989-89-4

sodium N-cyanoisourea

B

sodium dicyanamide
1934-75-4

sodium dicyanamide

C

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In water at 70 - 75℃; under 1050.11 Torr; pH=7.2 - 8.0; Purification / work up;A n/a
B 94%
C n/a
sodium tetrahydroborate
16940-66-2

sodium tetrahydroborate

aluminium trichloride
7446-70-0

aluminium trichloride

BF3-triglymate

BF3-triglymate

A

aluminum(III) fluoride
7784-18-1

aluminum(III) fluoride

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

C

diborane
19287-45-7

diborane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In further solvent(s) soln. NaBH4 in triglyme was added slowly for 2-3 h at room temp. to BF3-triglyme, AlCl3 in triglyme; B2H6 was absorbed with THF;A n/a
B n/a
C 94%
sodium tetrahydroborate
16940-66-2

sodium tetrahydroborate

aluminium trichloride
7446-70-0

aluminium trichloride

BF3-tetraglymate

BF3-tetraglymate

A

aluminum(III) fluoride
7784-18-1

aluminum(III) fluoride

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

C

diborane
19287-45-7

diborane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In further solvent(s) soln. NaBH4 in triglyme was added slowly for 2-3 h at room temp. to BF3-tetraglyme, AlCl3 in triglyme; B2H6 was absorbed with THF;A n/a
B n/a
C 94%
indium(III) chloride
10025-82-8

indium(III) chloride

sodium pentamethylcyclopentadienide

sodium pentamethylcyclopentadienide

A

indiumpentamethylcyclopentadienide

indiumpentamethylcyclopentadienide

B

decamethylfulvalene
69446-48-6

decamethylfulvalene

C

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran soln. of InCl3 and Na-compd. mixed,, stirred for 18h; molar ratio In-compd : Li-compd = 1:3; exclusion of air and moisture; solvent removed, pentane distilled onto poducts, sublimation; elem. anal.;A 65.9%
B 83.9%
C 94%
CH3C6H4NCHC6H2(CH3)(CO)OHRh(P(C6H5)3)2Cl2

CH3C6H4NCHC6H2(CH3)(CO)OHRh(P(C6H5)3)2Cl2

sodium nitrite
7632-00-0

sodium nitrite

CH(O)C6H2(CH3)(CO)ORh(P(C6H5)3)2NO2
222532-71-0

CH(O)C6H2(CH3)(CO)ORh(P(C6H5)3)2NO2

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With H2O In dichloromethane; acetone byproducts: CH3C6H4NH2*HCl; stirring (0.5 h), evapn. (reduced pressure); filtering, washing (H2O), drying (vac.); elem. anal.;A 94%
B n/a
phenyl trimethylsiloxane
2996-92-1

phenyl trimethylsiloxane

sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

manganese(ll) chloride

manganese(ll) chloride

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

A

manganese phenylsiloxane

manganese phenylsiloxane

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; ethanol elem. anal.;A 42.5%
B 94%
sodium tetrafluoroborate
13755-29-8

sodium tetrafluoroborate

trans-bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride
28966-81-6

trans-bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride

p-methoxyphenylisocyanide
10349-38-9

p-methoxyphenylisocyanide

trans-{(PPh3)2Pd(CNC6H4-p-OMe)Cl}BF4
110313-86-5

trans-{(PPh3)2Pd(CNC6H4-p-OMe)Cl}BF4

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone under inert gas; dropwise addn. of the isocyanide in acetone to the suspn. of the Pd complex in acetone in presence of NaBF4 at room temp.; stirring for 1 h; solvent removed, residue dissolved in CH2Cl2; soln. filtered and concd., addn. of Et2O yields the solid; elem. anal.;A 93%
B n/a
sodium tetrafluoroborate
13755-29-8

sodium tetrafluoroborate

trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II)
14056-88-3

trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II)

Cyclohexyl isocyanide
931-53-3

Cyclohexyl isocyanide

trans-{(PPh3)2Pt(CNC6H11)Cl}BF4
110313-80-9

trans-{(PPh3)2Pt(CNC6H11)Cl}BF4

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone under inert gas; dropwise addn. of the isocyanide in acetone to the suspn. of the Pt complex in acetone in presence of NaBF4 at room temp.; stirring for 1 h; solvent removed, residue dissolved in CH2Cl2; soln. filtered and concd., addn. of Et2O yields the solid; elem. anal.;A 92%
B n/a
hydrogenchloride
7647-01-0

hydrogenchloride

sodium hydrogen sulfide

sodium hydrogen sulfide

A

hydrogen sulfide
7783-06-4

hydrogen sulfide

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
-78°C;A n/a
B 92%
picoline
108-89-4

picoline

indium(III) chloride
10025-82-8

indium(III) chloride

sodium 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzosemiquinolate
4679-12-3, 61373-02-2

sodium 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzosemiquinolate

A

[InCl(((CH3)3C)2C6H2O2)(CH3C5H4N)2]
159650-04-1

[InCl(((CH3)3C)2C6H2O2)(CH3C5H4N)2]

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: H2; N2, blue soln. of semiquinone sodium salt added dropwise over 1 h to a soln. of In-salt, stirred for 2 h at room temp., NaCl removed from intermediate products by filtrn., excess 4-picoline added to the filtrate; collected, dried, recrystd. (toluene/THF); elem. anal.; formn. of In(I)and other species also discussed;A 50%
B 92%
sodium azide

sodium azide

chlorobis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium
199918-52-0

chlorobis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium

azidobis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium
185536-86-1

azidobis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran N2-atmosphere; refluxing (15 h); evapn. (vac.), sublimation (100°C, 10E-04 Torr);A 92%
B n/a
sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

acetyl chloride
75-36-5

acetyl chloride

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethyl malonate In ethanol; toluene Na was dissolved in EtOH at room temp., diethylmalonate was added, toluene was added, soln. phenacyl chloride in toluene was added at room temp.; ppt. was centrifugated and washed with EtOH; powder X-ray diffraction;92%
sodium dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)ferrate

sodium dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)ferrate

1-chloro-2-chloromethyl-1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-disilane
18143-50-5

1-chloro-2-chloromethyl-1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-disilane

A

(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2SiMe2SiMe2CH2Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H5)
255852-10-9

(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2SiMe2SiMe2CH2Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H5)

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran to THF soln. (Fp)Na was added to THF soln. ClCH2SiMe2SiMe2Cl at ambienttemp. and stirred for 2 h; solvent was removed and product was extd. into hexane, solvent was evapd. and residue was chromed. on silica using hexane as eluent; elem. anal.;A 91%
B n/a
sodium tetrahydroborate
16940-66-2

sodium tetrahydroborate

sodium tetrafluoroborate
13755-29-8

sodium tetrafluoroborate

aluminium trichloride
7446-70-0

aluminium trichloride

A

aluminum(III) fluoride
7784-18-1

aluminum(III) fluoride

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

C

diborane
19287-45-7

diborane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In further solvent(s) soln. NaBH4 in triglyme (tetraglyme) was added slowly for 2-3 h at roomtemp. to NaBF4 and AlCl3 in triglyme (tetraglyme); B2H6 was absorbed with THF;A n/a
B n/a
C 90%
ammonium carbonate

ammonium carbonate

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium carbonate
497-19-8

sodium carbonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;100%
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;100%
zirconium
7440-67-7

zirconium

beryllium

beryllium

zirconium(IV) chloride
10026-11-6

zirconium(IV) chloride

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Na4[(Zr6Be)Cl16]

Na4[(Zr6Be)Cl16]

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) stoichiometric mixture, sealed Ta container, 800-850°C;100%
In neat (no solvent) heating of stoich. amts. of reagents in a sealed Ta tube at 700-860°C for 2-3 weeks; identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction;>90
In neat (no solvent) mixt. of Zr, ZrCl4, NaCl and Be was sealed under Ar in Nb or Ta ampule; heated;
fluorosilicic acid

fluorosilicic acid

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium hexafluorosilicate

sodium hexafluorosilicate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water pptn. from H2SiF6 soln. (12%) by NaCl soln. (60% excess);;100%
In water pptn. from H2SiF6 soln. (12%) by NaCl soln. (60% excess);;100%
In water pptn. from H2SiF6 soln. (12%) by NaCl soln. (20% excess);;90%
sodium chlorate

sodium chlorate

uranium oxide

uranium oxide

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium uranate

sodium uranate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) gradual addn. of NaClO3 to melt of U3O8 and NaCl; very slow, but complete react.;;100%
In neat (no solvent) gradual addn. of NaClO3 to melt of U3O8 and NaCl; very slow, but complete react.;;100%
uranium oxide

uranium oxide

sodium carbonate
497-19-8

sodium carbonate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium uranate

sodium uranate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) using same amt. of NaCl and Na2CO3;;100%
In neat (no solvent) using same amt. of NaCl and Na2CO3;;100%
chlorine
7782-50-5

chlorine

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium chlorate

sodium chlorate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at 353 K, in diaphragm electrolyzer, at pH 2.1-3.0;100%
In water byproducts: NaOCl; at 353 K, in diaphragm electrolyzer, at pH 4.0-6.0;98.1%
In water byproducts: NaOCl; at 353 K, in diaphragm electrolyzer, at pH 6.0-8.0;96%
m-carboran-9-yl(phenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate
81353-33-5

m-carboran-9-yl(phenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

A

iodobenzene
591-50-4

iodobenzene

B

9-chloro-m-carborane
17819-85-1

9-chloro-m-carborane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaF, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 1 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;A 100%
B 100%
4-methoxyphenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate
99506-45-3

4-methoxyphenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

A

9-iodo-m-carborane
17157-02-7

9-iodo-m-carborane

B

9-chloro-m-carborane
17819-85-1

9-chloro-m-carborane

C

para-iodoanisole
696-62-8

para-iodoanisole

D

methoxybenzene
100-66-3

methoxybenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaCl, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2-2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;A 0%
B 100%
C 100%
D 0%
4-fluorophenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate
99506-39-5

4-fluorophenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

A

fluorobenzene
462-06-6

fluorobenzene

B

9-iodo-m-carborane
17157-02-7

9-iodo-m-carborane

C

9-chloro-m-carborane
17819-85-1

9-chloro-m-carborane

D

4-fluoro-1-iodobenzene
352-34-1

4-fluoro-1-iodobenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaCl, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2-2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;A 0%
B 0%
C 100%
D 100%
3-nitrophenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate
99506-41-9

3-nitrophenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

A

m-iodonitrobenzene
645-00-1

m-iodonitrobenzene

B

9-iodo-m-carborane
17157-02-7

9-iodo-m-carborane

C

9-chloro-m-carborane
17819-85-1

9-chloro-m-carborane

D

nitrobenzene
98-95-3

nitrobenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaCl, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2-2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;A 100%
B 0%
C 100%
D 0%
2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate
99506-43-1

2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

A

9-iodo-m-carborane
17157-02-7

9-iodo-m-carborane

B

9-chloro-m-carborane
17819-85-1

9-chloro-m-carborane

C

iodomesitylene
4028-63-1

iodomesitylene

D

1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene
108-67-8

1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaF, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;A 0%
B 100%
C 100%
D 0%
3-cyclopentadienyl-4-dimethylsulfido-8-trifluoroacetomercuro-3-ferra-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane

3-cyclopentadienyl-4-dimethylsulfido-8-trifluoroacetomercuro-3-ferra-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane

acetone
67-64-1

acetone

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

8-chloromercuro-3-cyclopentadienyl-4-dimethylsulfido-3-ferra-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane acetone solvate (1:1)

8-chloromercuro-3-cyclopentadienyl-4-dimethylsulfido-3-ferra-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane acetone solvate (1:1)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetone inert atm.; satd. aq. NaCl added slowly with stirring to a soln. of the complex in acetone at 20°C; ppt. filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo; recrystn. from acetone; elem. anal.;100%
C6H10(NCHC6H2C(CH3)3OHC15H10O(C(CH3)3)2)2(C6H4COOH)2

C6H10(NCHC6H2C(CH3)3OHC15H10O(C(CH3)3)2)2(C6H4COOH)2

manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate
6156-78-1

manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

MnCl(C6H10(NCHC6H2C(CH3)3OC15H10O(C(CH3)3)2)2(C6H4COOH)2)

MnCl(C6H10(NCHC6H2C(CH3)3OC15H10O(C(CH3)3)2)2(C6H4COOH)2)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol xanthene-compound was added to Mn(CH3CO2)2*4H2O in abs. ethanol, the soln. was refluxed in air for 2 h, cooled, aq. satd. NaCl was added, the mixt. was stirred for 10 min; extd. with CH2Cl2, the organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO4, the solid was rotary evapd.; elem. anal.;100%
{[(cyclopentadienyl)Co(diphenylphosphite(-1H))3]2Yb}+{CoCl3(THF)}-·2(benzene)

{[(cyclopentadienyl)Co(diphenylphosphite(-1H))3]2Yb}+{CoCl3(THF)}-·2(benzene)

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

{[(cyclopentadienyl)Co(diphenylphosphite(-1H))3]2Yb}+Cl-

{[(cyclopentadienyl)Co(diphenylphosphite(-1H))3]2Yb}+Cl-

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone Inert atmosphere;100%
C56H70Co2N4O4

C56H70Co2N4O4

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

C56H70Cl2Co2N4O4

C56H70Cl2Co2N4O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C56H70Co2N4O4 With oxygen; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane for 24h;
Stage #2: sodium chloride In water
100%
ammonium hexachloridoplatinate(IV)

ammonium hexachloridoplatinate(IV)

fluorine
7782-41-4

fluorine

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

sodium hexafluoridoplatinate(IV)

sodium hexafluoridoplatinate(IV)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 450℃; for 144h; Inert atmosphere; Milling;100%
15-crown-5
33100-27-5

15-crown-5

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

zinc(II) chloride
7646-85-7

zinc(II) chloride

C10H20NaO5(1+)*Cl3Zn(1-)

C10H20NaO5(1+)*Cl3Zn(1-)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 15-crown-5; sodium chloride In water at 20℃; for 12h;
Stage #2: zinc(II) chloride In ethanol for 12h; Reflux;
100%
15-crown-5
33100-27-5

15-crown-5

iron(III) chloride hexahydrate

iron(III) chloride hexahydrate

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Cl4Fe(1-)*C10H20NaO5(1+)

Cl4Fe(1-)*C10H20NaO5(1+)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 15-crown-5; sodium chloride In water at 20℃; for 12h;
Stage #2: iron(III) chloride hexahydrate In ethanol for 12h; Reflux;
100%
C38H29F2NPPt(1+)*BF4(1-)

C38H29F2NPPt(1+)*BF4(1-)

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

C38H29ClF2NPPt

C38H29ClF2NPPt

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetone at 20℃;100%
{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetraphenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetracesium

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetraphenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetracesium

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetraphenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetrasodium

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetraphenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetrasodium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With DOWEX 50 WX8 100-200 ion exchange resin In acetone99.5%
{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetrafluorophenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetracesium

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetrafluorophenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetracesium

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetrafluorophenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetrasodium

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetrafluorophenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetrasodium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With DOWEX 50 WX8 100-200 ion exchange resin In acetone99.5%
2-Picolinic acid
98-98-6

2-Picolinic acid

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

palladium dichloride

palladium dichloride

[Pd(picolinic acid)2]
22602-40-0

[Pd(picolinic acid)2]

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water to aq. soln. Na2(PdCl4), prepared in situ by react. PdCl2 and NaCl, was added pyridine-2-carboxylic acid in water and stirred for 2 h; ppt. was filtered, washed with water and acetone, and dried in vacuo; elem. anal.;99%
bis(diphenylphosphino)methane monooxide
23176-18-3

bis(diphenylphosphino)methane monooxide

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

palladium dichloride

palladium dichloride

PdCl2((C6H5)2PCH2P(O)(C6H5)2)2
113377-86-9, 150337-07-8

PdCl2((C6H5)2PCH2P(O)(C6H5)2)2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; dichloromethane evapn., extg. (CH2Cl2), filtering, pptn. on concg. and ether addn. (-15°C, overnight), washing (ether), drying (vac.);99%

7647-14-5Relevant articles and documents

Sodium atom Reactions with the Bromochloromethanes: Branching Ratios and Relative Reaction Rates

Jayne, J. T.,Davidovits, P.

, p. 3574 - 3579 (1989)

Branching ratios into bromide and chloride products have been measured for the reaction of atomic sodium with BrCCl3, BrCHCl2 and BrCH2Cl.The bromide to chloride product ratios are 0.55, 1.83, and 4.00, respectively.The experiments were performed in a lin

Facile reactions for the preparation of [(Me3CCH2)2GaNH2]2 and of GaN

Beachley Jr.,Pazik, John C.,Noble, Matthew J.

, p. 2121 - 2123 (1998)

Four reactions of neopentylgallium compounds with ammonia have been investigated. The dihydronaphthalene derivative C10H8[Ga(CH2CMe3)2] 2· 2NaCl has been observed to react with anhydrous ammonia at low temperature (-78 °C) to form (Me3-CCH2)2GaNH2, dihydronaphthalene (C10H10), and NaCl, whereas the related elimination reaction between Ga(CH2-CMe3)3 and NH3 occurred at 140-150 °C. The new compound (Me3CCH2)2GaNH2 was also prepared by reacting Ga(CH2CMe3)2Cl with sodium in liquid ammonia at -70 °C. Bis(neopentyl)gallium amide was fully characterized and exists as a dimer at room temperature in benzene solution. Neopentylgallium(I) [Ga(CH2CMe3)]n has been observed also to react with NH3 at 460-480 °C to form GaN(s), CMe4, and H2.

Hydrogen storage materials: Room-temperature wet-chemistry approach toward mixed-metal borohydrides

Jaro, Tomasz,Orlowski, Piotr A.,Wegner, Wojciech,Fijalkowski, Karol J.,Leszczyski, Piotr J.,Grochala, Wojciech

, p. 1236 - 1239 (2015)

The poor kinetics of hydrogen evolution and the irreversibility of the hydrogen discharge hamper the use of transition metal borohydrides as hydrogen storage materials, and the drawbacks of current synthetic methods obstruct the exploration of these systems. A wet-chemistry approach, which is based on solvent-mediated metathesis reactions of precursors containing bulky organic cations and weakly coordinating anions, leads to mixed-metal borohydrides that contain only a small amount of "dead mass". The applicability of this method is exemplified by Li[Zn2(BH4)5] and M[Zn(BH4)3] salts (M = Na, K), and its extension to other systems is discussed.

Study on the non-isothermal kinetics of decomposition of 4Na 2SO4?2H2O2?NaCl

Hong-Kun,Cao,Dao-Sen,Wen-Lin,Ya-Qong,Qi-Shu

, p. 531 - 536 (2007)

The non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of 4Na2SO 4?2H2O2?NaCl have been investigated by simultaneous TG-DSC in nitrogen atmosphere and in air. The decomposition processes undergo a single step reaction. The multivariate nonlinear regression technique is used to distinguish kinetic model of 4Na2SO 4?2H2O2?NaCl. Results indicate that the reaction type Cn can well describe the decomposition process, the decomposition mechanism is n-dimensional autocatalysis. The kinetic parameters, n, A and E are obtained via multivariate nonlinear regression. The n th-order with autocatalysis model is used to simulate the thermal decomposition of 4Na2SO4?2H2O 2?NaCl under isothermal conditions at various temperatures. The flow rate of gas has little effect on the decomposition of 4Na 2SO4?2H2O2?NaCl.

Flame synthesis of calcium-, strontium-, barium fluoride nanoparticles and sodium chloride

Grass, Robert N.,Stark, Wendelin J.

, p. 1767 - 1769 (2005)

Non-oxidic salts such as NaCl, CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2 were synthesised using a flame spray method; optional doping of such fluorides with rare earth elements suggests possible applications in optics. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.

Layered double hydroxide and zirconium phosphate as ion exchangers for the removal of 'black crusts' from the surface of ancient monuments

Boccalon,Nocchetti,Pica,Romani,Casciola

, p. 2976 - 2985 (2018)

The chloride form of MgAl layered double hydroxide (hereafter MgAlCl) as an anion exchanger and the semisodic form of α-zirconium phosphate (hereafter ZrPNaH) as a cation exchanger are proposed as new cleaning agents for the removal of gypsum from ancient monuments. The ability of these exchangers to capture the calcium and sulphate ions of the gypsum powder was first investigated separately and then as a coupled system. MgAlCl/gypsum, ZrPNaH/gypsum and MgAlCl/ZrPNaH/gypsum mixtures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). ZrPNaH in the form of a wet paste exhibited a rapid uptake of calcium from gypsum powder via Na+ and H+/Ca2+ cation exchange. Gypsum powder was also successfully dissolved by a wet paste of MgAlCl by exploiting the Cl-/SO42- anion exchange reaction. However, the dehydration of the paste favoured the reprecipitation of a secondary gypsum that was characterized by lower crystallinity and smaller particle size than the pristine gypsum. The combination of wet MgAlCl and ZrPNaH showed a synergic effect on the dissolution of gypsum and partially prevented the reprecipitation of gypsum in the dry paste. Finally, a preliminary test of the removal of gypsum crust grown on a sandstone sample was performed.

Crystal chemistry of the Na/FeCl2 battery

Adendorff,Thackeray

, p. 2121 - 2123 (1988)

Five stoichiometric phases of the NaCl-FeCl2 system that can be represented by the general formula Na8-2xFexCl8 (x=0,1,2,3,4,) have been identified in high temperature Na/ FeCl2 cells. Their formation

Reactions of Ground-State and Electronically Excited Sodium Atoms with Methyl Bromide and Molecular Chlorine

Weiss, P. S.,Mestdagh, J. M.,Schmidt, H.,Covinsky, M. H.,Lee, Y. T.

, p. 3005 - 3011 (1991)

The reactions of ground- and excited-state Na atoms with methyl bromide (CH3Br) and chlorine (Cl2) have been studied by using the crossed molecular beams method.For both reactions, the cross sections increase with increasing electronic energy.The product

Functionalization of η1,η2-Bridging Cyaphide (C≡P)- Ligands: Trinuclear η1,η1,η2-Bridging Cyaphide and Dinuclear Bridging Isocyaphide (C≡PR) Complexes of Platinum

Konze, Wayde V.,Young Jr., Victor G.,Angelici, Robert J.

, p. 258 - 267 (1999)

The oxidative addition reaction of Pt(PEt3)4 with Cl2C=PN(SiMe3)2 at low temperature (-50 °C) forms the η1-phosphavinyl complex cis-Cl(Et3P)2Pt[C(Cl)=PN(SiMe3)2] (Ia), which isomerizes to the trans-isomer (Ib) upon warming to 0 °C; the structure of Ib was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Complex Ib reacts with Pt(PEt3)2Cl2 in the presence of 3 equiv of sodium benzophenone to generate the bridging, dinuclear η1,η2-cyaphide complex Cl(Et3P)2-Pt(μ-η1,η 2-C≡P)Pt(PEt3)2 (II) in good yield, providing a much simpler and higher yield preparation of II, which was synthesized and characterized previously by a more circuitous route. Compound II reacts with 0.5 equiv of [Cl2Pt(PEt3)]2 or with 1 equiv of W(CO)5(THF) to generate the trinuclear metal-cyaphide complexes Cl(Et3P)2Pt[μ-η1,η 1,η2-C≡P{Pt(PEt3)-(Cl) 2}]Pt(PEt3)2 (III) and Cl(Et3P)2Pt[μ-η1,η 1,η2-C≡P{W(CO)5}]Pt(PEt 3)2 (IV), respectively, in which the lone pair of electrons on the C≡P phosphorus atom is coordinated to a Pt-(PEt3)(Cl)2 fragment in the former and to a W(CO)5 fragment in the latter; the structure of IV was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Compound II also reacts with MeI to form the methyl isocyaphide complex (Cl)(Et3P)Pt(μ-C=PMe)Pt(PEt3)2(I) (Vc), in which the cyaphide (C≡P-) ligand is converted to a methyl isocyaphide (C≡PMe) ligand in a semibridging coordination mode. When compound II is reacted with MeOTf, the product is the cationic isocyaphide complex [(Cl)(Et3P)2Pt(μ-η1,η 2-C≡PMe)Pt(PEt3)2](OTf) (Va), which is likely coordinated in an η1,η2-bridging mode. Compound Va reacts with NaI to form Vc, which suggests that Va forms as an intermediate before Vc in the reaction of II with MeI. ? Dedicated to Professor Helmut Werner on the occasion of his 65th birthday.

Catalytic Reduction of Aqueous Chlorate with MoO xImmobilized on Pd/C

Ren, Changxu,Yang, Peng,Gao, Jinyu,Huo, Xiangchen,Min, Xiaopeng,Bi, Eric Y.,Liu, Yiming,Wang, Yin,Zhu, Mengqiang,Liu, Jinyong

, p. 8201 - 8211 (2020)

Chlorate (ClO3-) is an undesirable byproduct in the chlor-alkali process. It is also a heavily used chemical in various industrial and agricultural applications, making it a toxic water pollutant worldwide. Catalytic reduction of ClO3- into Cl- by H2 is of great interest to both emission control and water purification, but platinum group metal catalysts are either sluggish or severely inhibited by halide anions. Here, we report on the facile preparation, robust performance, and mechanistic investigation of a MoOx-Pd/C catalyst for aqueous ClO3- reduction. Under 1 atm H2 and room temperature, the Na2MoO4 precursor is rapidly immobilized from aqueous solution onto Pd/C as a mixture of low-valent Mo oxides. The catalyst enables complete reduction of ClO3- in a wide concentration range (e.g., 1 μM to 1 M) into Cl-. The addition of Mo to Pd/C not only enhances the catalytic activity by >55-fold, but also provides strong resistance to concentrated salts. To probe the reaction mechanisms, we conducted a series of kinetic measurements, microscopic and X-ray spectroscopic characterizations, sorption experiments, tests with other oxyanion substrates, and a comparative study using dissolved Mo species. The catalytic sites are the reduced MoOx species (primarily MoIV), showing selective and proton-assisted reactivity with ClO3-. This work demonstrates a great promise of using relatively abundant metals to expand the functionality of hydrogenation catalysts for environmental and energy applications.

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