7647-14-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Sodium chloride
• Synonyms: Sodium chloride puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%;Sodium chloride puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.0-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance), ;Sodium chloride random crystals, optical grade, 99.98% trace metals basis;Sodium chloride ReagentPlus(R), >=99%;Sodium chloride Redi-Dri(TM), anhydrous, free-flowing, ACS reagent, >=99%;Sodium chloride Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%;BICINE HIGH PURITY GRADE;BORIC ACID SODIUM DECAHYDRATE NF GRADE
• CAS NO: 7647-14-5
• Molecular Formula: ClNa
• Molecular Weight: 58.44277
• EINECS: 231-598-3
• Product Categories: #N/A;Inorganics;Chemistry;Analytical Reagents;Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS);Digestion Reagents;Pure Salts for Melting Digestions (Trace SELECT)Analytical/Chromatography;Trace Analysis Reagents;Embryo Culture;Reagents and Media SupplementsSynthetic Reagents;Specialty Media Systems;Inorganic Salts;ACS Grade BuffersBiological Buffers;ACS GradeBiological Buffers;Buffers A to ZSynthetic Reagents;Acids and BasesEssential Chemicals;Biochemicals and Reagents;Denaturation;Routine Reagents;Synthetic Reagents;SN - SZ;SN - SZCertified Reference Materials (CRMs);Alphabetic;Application CRMs;S;Titrimetry;Titrimetry CRMs;TitrimetryAnalytical Standards;S - Z;Salt Solutions;Volumetric Solutions;Biotechnology Performance Certified (BPC) BuffersBiological Buffers;Buffer Convenience Packaging;Buffer SolutionsBiological Buffers;HPLC;HPLC Buffer;HPLC Buffer - SolidChromatography/CE Reagents;HPLC Buffers;Solid;Anionic SolutionsChromatography;Anionic Standard
• Mol File: 7647-14-5.mol
• Article Data: 818

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 801 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 100 °C750 mm Hg
• Flash Point: 1413°C
• Appearance: White/tablets
• Density: 1.199 g/mL at 20 °C
• Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 865 °C)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.378
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility: H2O: soluble
• Water Solubility: 360 g/L (20 ºC)
• Sensitive: Hygroscopic
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• Merck: 14,8599
• BRN: 3534976
• CAS DataBase Reference: Sodium chloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium chloride(7647-14-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium chloride(7647-14-5)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 36-36/37/38-22
• Safety Statements: 24/25-26-36
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: VZ4725000
• F: 3-10
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7647-14-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Sodium chloride is widely distributed in nature. Oceans are the vast source of sodium chloride. It occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 2.68 wt%. It also occurs in many inland saline waters and in salt deposits in sedimentary rocks, as the mineral halite. Sodium chloride is probably the most important salt of both sodium and chlorine. Sodium chloride, common table salt, is an essential component of most food preparation, imparting flavor to food and providing the sodium nutritional requirement. Also, it is used for preserving food. Therapeutically, NaCl solution is used to combat dehydration as an electrolyte replenisher, and it is an emetic. The most important applications of sodium chloride in the chemical industry are in making a number of important industrial chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and metallic sodium. It is the starting material in manufacturing these substances. Other uses are in dyeing and printing fabrics, glazing pottery, in making soap, and for curing hides. Sodium chloride is a component of many freezing mixtures.

Chemical Properties

Sodium chloride, NaCl, also known as common salt and halite, is a white crystalline solid.It is soluble in water,slightly soluble in alcohol, and melts at 804 °C (1480 °F). Sodium chloride is the most important sodium mineral and occurs naturally in seawater, underground deposits, and brine wells.Sodiumchlorideis a basic raw material for the production of chlorine,sodium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfate,soda ash, and hydrogen chloride. Sodium chloride is also used in food preparation, fertilizers, and by highway departments to control icy road conditions.

Chemical Properties

Sodium chloride occurs as a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals; it has a saline taste. The crystal lattice is a face-centered cubic structure. Solid sodium chloride contains no water of crystallization although, below 0℃, salt may crystallize as a dihydrate.

Physical properties

Sodium chloride is the familiar compound commonly referred to as salt or table salt. Th e mineral form of sodium chloride is halite and is found in natural deposits throughout the world. It accounts for approximately 2.7% by weight of the dissolved minerals in seawater. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound existing as a white crystalline cubic structure of alternating sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is essential for life, with the average adult requiring about 1 to 2 grams per day. Salt supplies sodium and provides numerous essential functions such as maintaining water balance in cells, taking part in nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction.

Occurrence

Sodium chloride is widely distributed in nature. Oceans are the vast source of sodium chloride. It occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 2.68 wt%. It also occurs in many inland saline waters and in salt deposits in sedimentary rocks, as the mineral halite.Sodium chloride is probably the most important salt of both sodium and chlorine. Sodium chloride, common table salt, is an essential component of most food preparation, imparting flavor to food and providing the sodium nutritional requirement. Also, it is used for preserving food. Therapeutically, NaCl solution is used to combat dehydration as an electrolyte replenisher, and it is an emetic.The most important applications of sodium chloride in the chemical industry are in making a number of important industrial chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and metallic sodium. It is the starting material in manufacturing these substances. Other uses are in dyeing and printing fabrics, glazing pottery, in making soap, and for curing hides. Sodium chloride is a component of many freezing mixtures.

Uses

Facilitates the cross-coupling of organostannanes with iodides without using palladium.1

Uses

Used in biochemistry and molecular biology applications; a component of PBS and SSC buffers

Uses

Natural salt is the source of chlorine and of sodium as well as of all, or practically all, their Compounds, e.g., hydrochloric acid, chlorates, sodium carbonate, hydroxide, etc.; for preserving foods; manufacture of soap, to salt out dyes; in freezing mixtures; for dyeing and printing fabrics, glazing pottery, curing hides; metallurgy of tin and other metals.

Uses

Used as an electrolyte; buffers ; matrix modification.

Uses

sodium chloride (table salt) is used as a preservative, astringent, and anti-septic to treat inflamed lesions. It can also be used to mask odor, reduce product density, and control viscosity. Diluted solutions are not considered irritating.

Uses

Sodium chloride Commonly known as table salt, sodium chloride is found as the mineral halite and in brines and seawater. Sodium chloride is soluble in water but less so in alcohol. It was the first halide to be combined with silver nitrate and was also used by L. J. M. Daguerre and W. H. F. Talbot as a stabilizer before fi xing with hypo was adopted.

Definition

ChEBI: An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.

Preparation

Sodium chloride is produced by solar evaporation of seawater or brine from underground salt deposits. It also is produced by mining rock salt. The commercial product contains small amounts of calcium and magnesium chlorides.

Production Methods

Sodium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral halite. Commercially, it is obtained by the solar evaporation of sea water, by mining, or by the evaporation of brine from underground salt deposits.

Definition

A compound with an acidic and a basic radical, or a compound formed by total or partial replacement of the hydrogen in an acid by a metal. In general terms a salt is a material that has identifiable cationic and anionic components.

Definition

saline: Describing a chemical compoundthat is a salt, or a solutioncontaining a salt.

Definition

salt: A compound formed by reactionof an acid with a base, in whichthe hydrogen of the acid has been replacedby metal or other positiveions. Typically, salts are crystallineionic compounds such as Na+Cl– andNH4+NO3-. Covalent metal compounds,such as TiCl4, are also oftenregarded as salts.

Brand name

Broncho Saline (Blairex).

General Description

A white crystalline solid. Commercial grade usually contains some chlorides of calcium and magnesium which absorb moisture and cause caking.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

Sodium chloride is generally unreactive. Releases gaseous hydrogen chloride if mixed with a concentrated nonvolatile acid such as sulfuric acid.

Fire Hazard

Literature sources indicate that Sodium chloride is nonflammable.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sodium chloride is widely used in a variety of parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations, where the primary use is to produce isotonic solutions. Sodium chloride has been used as a lubricant and diluent in capsules and direct-compression tablet formulations in the past, although this practice is no longer common. Sodium chloride has also been used as a channeling agent and as an osmotic agent in the cores of controlled-release tablets. It has been used as a porosity modifier in tablet coatings, and to control drug release from microcapsules. The addition of sodium chloride to aqueous spray-coating solutions containing hydroxypropyl cellulose or hypromellose suppresses the agglomeration of crystalline cellulose particles.(13) Sodium chloride can also be used to modify drug release from gels and from emulsions. It can be used to control micelle size, and to adjust the viscosity of polymer dispersions by altering the ionic character of a formulation.

Agricultural Uses

Halite is a naturally occurring sodium chloride (NaCl) deposit. The most abundant potash mineral deposit is sylvite (KCl). Sylvite with halite forms the common potash ore, called sylvinite.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Sodium chloride helps to stimulate the stable induction of T-helper cell 17 (TH17) cells.

Clinical Use

Treatment and prophylaxis of sodium chloride deficiency

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal and intracervical routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by ingestion: blood pressure increase. Human reproductive effects by intraplacental route: terminates pregnancy. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. When bulk sodium chloride is heated to high temperature, a vapor is emitted that is irritating, particularly to the eyes. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium chloride can cause irritation of the stomach. Improper use of salt tablets may produce this effect. Potentially explosive reaction with dichloromaleic anhydride + urea. Electrolysis of mixtures with nitrogen compounds may form the explosive nitrogen trichloride. Reaction with burning lithmm forms the dangerously reactive sodmm. The molten salt at 11 00' reacts explosively with water. Violent reaction with BrF3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland Na2O.

Safety

Sodium chloride is the most important salt in the body for maintaining the osmotic tension of blood and tissues. About 5–12 g of sodium chloride is consumed daily, in the normal adult diet, and a corresponding amount is excreted in the urine. As an excipient, sodium chloride may be regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, toxic effects following the oral ingestion of 0.5–1.0 g/kg body-weight in adults may occur. The oral ingestion of larger quantities of sodium chloride, e.g. 1000 g in 600mL of water, is harmful and can induce irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, hypernatremia, respiratory distress, convulsions, or death. In rats, the minimum lethal intravenous dose is 2.5 g/kg bodyweight. LD50 (mouse, IP): 6.61 g/kg LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.65 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.0 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 3.0 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 3.0 g/kg

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs May impair the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in chronic renal failure.

Metabolism

Excess sodium is mainly excreted by the kidney, and small amounts are lost in the faeces and sweat.

storage

Aqueous sodium chloride solutions are stable but may cause the separation of glass particles from certain types of glass containers. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. The solid material is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place. It has been shown that the compaction characteristics and the mechanical properties of tablets are influenced by the relative humidity of the storage conditions under which sodium chloride was kept.

Purification Methods

It is recrystallised from a saturated aqueous solution (2.7mL/g) by passing in HCl gas, or by adding EtOH or acetone. It can be freed from bromide and iodide impurities by adding chlorine water to an aqueous solution and boiling it for some time to expel free bromine and iodine. Traces of iron can be removed by prolonged boiling of solid NaCl in 6M HCl; the crystals are then washed with EtOH and dried at ca 100o. Sodium chloride has been purified by sublimation in a stream of pre-purified N2 and collected by electrostatic discharge [Ross & Winkler J Am Chem Soc 76 2637 1954]. For use as a primary analytical standard, analytical reagent grade NaCl should be finely ground, dried in an electric furnace at 500-600o in a platinum crucible, and allowed to cool in a desiccator. For most purposes, however, drying at 110-120o is satisfactory.

Incompatibilities

Aqueous sodium chloride solutions are corrosive to iron. They also react to form precipitates with silver, lead, and mercury salts. Strong oxidizing agents liberate chlorine from acidified solutions of sodium chloride. The solubility of the antimicrobial preservative methylparaben is decreased in aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the viscosity of carbomer gels and solutions of hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose is reduced by the addition of sodium chloride.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; inhalations; nasal, ophthalmic, oral, otic, rectal, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

InChI:InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1/i;1-1

Synthetic route

Iodine monochloride (7790-99-0) + sodium sulfate (7757-82-6) → sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
evaporated, with excess of ICl;	100%
evaporated, with excess of ICl;	100%

sodium nitrate (7631-99-4) → sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In neat (no solvent) passing dry HCl over NaNO3 at 130°C over period of 2 to 3 h;; slow heating to 400°C to get rid of HNO3 traces;;	100%
With HCl In neat (no solvent) passing dry HCl over NaNO3 at 130°C over period of 2 to 3 h;; slow heating to 400°C to get rid of HNO3 traces;;	100%

dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + chlorine (7782-50-5) + sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2) → oxygen (7782-44-7) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In water H2O2 soln. poured onto porous glass plate within the singlet O2 generator (closed glass system, under Ar), spent liquid discarded into the lower flask, Cl2 (1-2 kPa) admitted, alkali soln. poured in, evolution of singlet O2 over a period of 12-16 min.; luminiscence spectroscopy, calorimetry;	A 100% B n/a

dineopentylgalliumchloride (113976-09-3) + ammonia (7664-41-7) → ((CH3)3CCH2)2GaNH2 + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium In neat (no solvent) Ar-atmosphere; stirring (-70°C, 1 h); evapn., extg. (pentane); elem. anal.;	A n/a B 100%

sodium tetrahydroborate (16940-66-2) + lithium chloride → lithium borohydride + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With 1,3-dioxolane In further solvent(s) (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 25-74°C for 1-48 h in 1,3-dioxolane; heated (vac.);	A 99% B n/a
With isopropylamine In further solvent(s) (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 25-34°C for 2-8 hin isopropylamine; heated (vac.);	A 97-100 B n/a
With C4H8O In tetrahydrofuran (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 25-67°C for 1-48 h in THF; heated (vac.);
With diethyl ether In diethyl ether (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 35°C for 1-48 h in Et2O; heated (vac.);
With 1,2-dimethoxyethane In 1,2-dimethoxyethane (N2); salts mixt. (1/1 molar ratio) stirred at 0-85°C for 1-72 hin monoglyme; heated (vac.);

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + sodium carbonate (497-19-8) → H2CO3*CH3CH2OCH2CH3 (116973-99-0) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether	A 99% B n/a
In diethyl ether	A 99% B n/a

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + sodium carbonate (497-19-8) → Kohlenstoffoxid-bis-(hydroxid)-mono-dimethylaetherat (3890-73-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In Dimethyl ether	A 99% B n/a
In Dimethyl ether	A 99% B n/a

Na2[(C10H8)(Ga(CH2C(CH3)3)2Cl)2] + ammonia (7664-41-7) → ((CH3)3CCH2)2GaNH2 + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran Ar-atmosphere; stirring (-78°C, 18 h); evapn. (vac.), drying (dynamic vac., 40 h), extg. (pentane), filtering, subliming (55°C);	A 52% B 99%

sodium azide + copper dichloride → copper(I) nitride + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: N2; High Pressure; CuCl2 and NaN3 ground, placed into a stainless steel reactor, solvent added, sealed, heated to ca. 50°C, ca. 100°C, and 185°C with regulated rates (the total react. time of ca. 3-5 d); cooled to room temp., dried (vac.), NaCl sepd. with MeOH under N2, filtered, dried (vac.); obtained as nanocrystals;	A 98% B n/a
In toluene byproducts: N2; High Pressure; CuCl2 and NaN3 ground, placed into a stainless steel reactor, solvent added, sealed, heated to ca. 50°C, ca. 100°C, and 185°C with regulated rates (the total react. time of ca. 3-5 d); cooled to room temp., dried (vac.), NaCl sepd. with MeOH under N2, filtered, dried (vac.); obtained as nanocrystals;	A 85% B n/a
In m-xylene at 116-135°C for 14 h to 1.5 d; not isolated, detected by IR, XRD;

(naphthalene)Yb2(THF)3(NaCl)3 → ytterbium(III) oxide + naphthalene (91-20-3) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With air In tetrahydrofuran stirred for 18 h under dry air; centrifuged, washed with benzene and water (Yb2O3), naphthalene detd. by GLC in the organic layer, aq. soln. contains NaCl;	A 98% B 98% C 96%

(vinyl)trimethoxylsilane (2768-02-7) + sodium (7440-23-5) + copper dichloride + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) → copper sodium vinylsiloxane + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water Na addn. to methanolic soln. of Si-compd., refluxing (1 h), methanolic soln. of Cu-compd. addn., refluxing (2 h), MeOH distillation off with simultaneous addn. of butanol, refluxing (15 min); NaCl filtration off, solvent evapn. to crystn., after 48 h crystals sepn., drying (20°C); elem. anal.;	A 97.6% B 98%

ethanol (64-17-5) + 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine (13822-56-5) + sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2) + copper dichloride → copper sodium γ-aminopropylsiloxane + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water Si-compd. dissoln. in MeOH, aq. soln. of NaOH addn., refluxing (1 h), soln. of Cu-compd. in MeOH addn., refluxing (30 min), MeOH distillation off with simultaneous addn. of EtOH; NaCl filtration off, solvent removing; elem. anal.;	A 93% B 98%

2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trithiatristanninane (16892-64-1) + N-chloro-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide sodium salt (30066-82-1) → CH3OSn(CH3)2S(NSO2C6H4Cl)Sn(CH3)2SSn(CH3)2NHSO2C6H4Cl (206008-10-8) + sulfur (7704-34-9) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol soln. of N-compd. addn. to soln. of Sn compd. (vacuum, stirring), heating (50°C, 30 min); mixture cooling (ice bath), ppt. filtration off and extracting with water to remove NaCl and with acetone to remove S, alcoholic filtrate vacuumevapn., residue treating with diethyl ether, soln. decanting and vacuum evapn.; elem. anal.;	A 92% B 33% C 98%

phenyl trimethylsiloxane (2996-92-1) + sodium (7440-23-5) + copper dichloride → copper sodium phenylsiloxane + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; water elem. anal.;	A 90.3% B 96%

(vinyl)trimethoxylsilane (2768-02-7) + sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2) + manganese(ll) chloride + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) → manganese vinylsiloxane + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; water soln. of NaOH addn. to soln. of Si-compd., refluxing, soln. of Mn-compd.addn., refluxing, MeOH distillation off with simultaneous addn. of buta nol; NaCl filtration off, solvent evapn.; elem. anal.;	A 87% B 95.5%

tributyltin chloride (1461-22-9) + sodium (7440-23-5) + benzildioxime (23873-81-6) → C6H5C(NOH)C(NO)C6H5Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)3 (256524-18-2) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In isopropyl alcohol; benzene strictly anhydrous conditions; addn. of Na to excess of i-PrOH, refluxing (0.5 h), cooling, addn. of oxime, refluxing (2 h), cooling, addn. of stoichiom. amt. of Sn compound in benzene, refluxing (2 h); sovent removal (reduced pressure), filtration off of NaCl, crystn. (benzene/petroleum ether); elem. anal.;	A 95% B n/a

CYANAMID (420-04-2) + cyanogen chloride (506-77-4) → sodium N-cyanoisourea (76989-89-4) + sodium dicyanamide (1934-75-4) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In water at 70 - 75℃; under 1050.11 Torr; pH=7.2 - 8.0; Purification / work up;	A n/a B 94% C n/a

sodium tetrahydroborate (16940-66-2) + aluminium trichloride (7446-70-0) + BF3-triglymate → aluminum(III) fluoride (7784-18-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) + diborane (19287-45-7)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) soln. NaBH4 in triglyme was added slowly for 2-3 h at room temp. to BF3-triglyme, AlCl3 in triglyme; B2H6 was absorbed with THF;	A n/a B n/a C 94%

sodium tetrahydroborate (16940-66-2) + aluminium trichloride (7446-70-0) + BF3-tetraglymate → aluminum(III) fluoride (7784-18-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) + diborane (19287-45-7)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) soln. NaBH4 in triglyme was added slowly for 2-3 h at room temp. to BF3-tetraglyme, AlCl3 in triglyme; B2H6 was absorbed with THF;	A n/a B n/a C 94%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + sodium pentamethylcyclopentadienide → indiumpentamethylcyclopentadienide + decamethylfulvalene (69446-48-6) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran soln. of InCl3 and Na-compd. mixed,, stirred for 18h; molar ratio In-compd : Li-compd = 1:3; exclusion of air and moisture; solvent removed, pentane distilled onto poducts, sublimation; elem. anal.;	A 65.9% B 83.9% C 94%

CH3C6H4NCHC6H2(CH3)(CO)OHRh(P(C6H5)3)2Cl2 + sodium nitrite (7632-00-0) → CH(O)C6H2(CH3)(CO)ORh(P(C6H5)3)2NO2 (222532-71-0) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With H2O In dichloromethane; acetone byproducts: CH3C6H4NH2*HCl; stirring (0.5 h), evapn. (reduced pressure); filtering, washing (H2O), drying (vac.); elem. anal.;	A 94% B n/a

phenyl trimethylsiloxane (2996-92-1) + sodium (7440-23-5) + manganese(ll) chloride + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) → manganese phenylsiloxane + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; ethanol elem. anal.;	A 42.5% B 94%

sodium tetrafluoroborate (13755-29-8) + trans-bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride (28966-81-6) + p-methoxyphenylisocyanide (10349-38-9) → trans-{(PPh3)2Pd(CNC6H4-p-OMe)Cl}BF4 (110313-86-5) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In acetone under inert gas; dropwise addn. of the isocyanide in acetone to the suspn. of the Pd complex in acetone in presence of NaBF4 at room temp.; stirring for 1 h; solvent removed, residue dissolved in CH2Cl2; soln. filtered and concd., addn. of Et2O yields the solid; elem. anal.;	A 93% B n/a

sodium tetrafluoroborate (13755-29-8) + trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) (14056-88-3) + Cyclohexyl isocyanide (931-53-3) → trans-{(PPh3)2Pt(CNC6H11)Cl}BF4 (110313-80-9) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In acetone under inert gas; dropwise addn. of the isocyanide in acetone to the suspn. of the Pt complex in acetone in presence of NaBF4 at room temp.; stirring for 1 h; solvent removed, residue dissolved in CH2Cl2; soln. filtered and concd., addn. of Et2O yields the solid; elem. anal.;	A 92% B n/a

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + sodium hydrogen sulfide → hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
-78°C;	A n/a B 92%

picoline (108-89-4) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + sodium 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzosemiquinolate (4679-12-3, 61373-02-2) → [InCl(((CH3)3C)2C6H2O2)(CH3C5H4N)2] (159650-04-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: H2; N2, blue soln. of semiquinone sodium salt added dropwise over 1 h to a soln. of In-salt, stirred for 2 h at room temp., NaCl removed from intermediate products by filtrn., excess 4-picoline added to the filtrate; collected, dried, recrystd. (toluene/THF); elem. anal.; formn. of In(I)and other species also discussed;	A 50% B 92%

sodium azide + chlorobis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium (199918-52-0) → azidobis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]aluminium (185536-86-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran N2-atmosphere; refluxing (15 h); evapn. (vac.), sublimation (100°C, 10E-04 Torr);	A 92% B n/a

sodium (7440-23-5) + acetyl chloride (75-36-5) → sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl malonate In ethanol; toluene Na was dissolved in EtOH at room temp., diethylmalonate was added, toluene was added, soln. phenacyl chloride in toluene was added at room temp.; ppt. was centrifugated and washed with EtOH; powder X-ray diffraction;	92%

sodium dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)ferrate + 1-chloro-2-chloromethyl-1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-disilane (18143-50-5) → (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2SiMe2SiMe2CH2Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H5) (255852-10-9) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran to THF soln. (Fp)Na was added to THF soln. ClCH2SiMe2SiMe2Cl at ambienttemp. and stirred for 2 h; solvent was removed and product was extd. into hexane, solvent was evapd. and residue was chromed. on silica using hexane as eluent; elem. anal.;	A 91% B n/a

sodium tetrahydroborate (16940-66-2) + sodium tetrafluoroborate (13755-29-8) + aluminium trichloride (7446-70-0) → aluminum(III) fluoride (7784-18-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) + diborane (19287-45-7)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) soln. NaBH4 in triglyme (tetraglyme) was added slowly for 2-3 h at roomtemp. to NaBF4 and AlCl3 in triglyme (tetraglyme); B2H6 was absorbed with THF;	A n/a B n/a C 90%

ammonium carbonate + ammonia (7664-41-7) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → sodium carbonate (497-19-8)

Conditions	Yield
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;	100%
In water NH3 passed into a soln. of (NH4)2CO3-NaCl until satn.; product free of Cl and NH3;	100%

zirconium (7440-67-7) + beryllium + zirconium(IV) chloride (10026-11-6) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → Na4[(Zr6Be)Cl16]

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) stoichiometric mixture, sealed Ta container, 800-850°C;	100%
In neat (no solvent) heating of stoich. amts. of reagents in a sealed Ta tube at 700-860°C for 2-3 weeks; identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction;	>90
In neat (no solvent) mixt. of Zr, ZrCl4, NaCl and Be was sealed under Ar in Nb or Ta ampule; heated;

fluorosilicic acid + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → sodium hexafluorosilicate

Conditions	Yield
In water pptn. from H2SiF6 soln. (12%) by NaCl soln. (60% excess);;	100%
In water pptn. from H2SiF6 soln. (12%) by NaCl soln. (60% excess);;	100%
In water pptn. from H2SiF6 soln. (12%) by NaCl soln. (20% excess);;	90%

sodium chlorate + uranium oxide + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → sodium uranate

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) gradual addn. of NaClO3 to melt of U3O8 and NaCl; very slow, but complete react.;;	100%
In neat (no solvent) gradual addn. of NaClO3 to melt of U3O8 and NaCl; very slow, but complete react.;;	100%

uranium oxide + sodium carbonate (497-19-8) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → sodium uranate

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) using same amt. of NaCl and Na2CO3;;	100%
In neat (no solvent) using same amt. of NaCl and Na2CO3;;	100%

chlorine (7782-50-5) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → sodium chlorate

Conditions	Yield
In water at 353 K, in diaphragm electrolyzer, at pH 2.1-3.0;	100%
In water byproducts: NaOCl; at 353 K, in diaphragm electrolyzer, at pH 4.0-6.0;	98.1%
In water byproducts: NaOCl; at 353 K, in diaphragm electrolyzer, at pH 6.0-8.0;	96%

m-carboran-9-yl(phenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate (81353-33-5) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → iodobenzene (591-50-4) + 9-chloro-m-carborane (17819-85-1)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaF, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 1 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;	A 100% B 100%

4-methoxyphenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate (99506-45-3) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → 9-iodo-m-carborane (17157-02-7) + 9-chloro-m-carborane (17819-85-1) + para-iodoanisole (696-62-8) + methoxybenzene (100-66-3)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaCl, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2-2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;	A 0% B 100% C 100% D 0%

4-fluorophenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate (99506-39-5) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → fluorobenzene (462-06-6) + 9-iodo-m-carborane (17157-02-7) + 9-chloro-m-carborane (17819-85-1) + 4-fluoro-1-iodobenzene (352-34-1)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaCl, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2-2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;	A 0% B 0% C 100% D 100%

3-nitrophenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate (99506-41-9) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → m-iodonitrobenzene (645-00-1) + 9-iodo-m-carborane (17157-02-7) + 9-chloro-m-carborane (17819-85-1) + nitrobenzene (98-95-3)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaCl, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2-2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;	A 100% B 0% C 100% D 0%

2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate (99506-43-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → 9-iodo-m-carborane (17157-02-7) + 9-chloro-m-carborane (17819-85-1) + iodomesitylene (4028-63-1) + 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene (108-67-8)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform; water mixt. of aryl(m-carboran-9-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, NaF, water and chloroform was vigorously stirred under reflux at 56°C, 2.5 h; internal standard (chlorobenzene) added and org. layer was analysed by GLC;	A 0% B 100% C 100% D 0%

3-cyclopentadienyl-4-dimethylsulfido-8-trifluoroacetomercuro-3-ferra-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane + acetone (67-64-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → 8-chloromercuro-3-cyclopentadienyl-4-dimethylsulfido-3-ferra-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane acetone solvate (1:1)

Conditions	Yield
In water; acetone inert atm.; satd. aq. NaCl added slowly with stirring to a soln. of the complex in acetone at 20°C; ppt. filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo; recrystn. from acetone; elem. anal.;	100%

C6H10(NCHC6H2C(CH3)3OHC15H10O(C(CH3)3)2)2(C6H4COOH)2 + manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate (6156-78-1) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → MnCl(C6H10(NCHC6H2C(CH3)3OC15H10O(C(CH3)3)2)2(C6H4COOH)2)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol xanthene-compound was added to Mn(CH3CO2)2*4H2O in abs. ethanol, the soln. was refluxed in air for 2 h, cooled, aq. satd. NaCl was added, the mixt. was stirred for 10 min; extd. with CH2Cl2, the organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO4, the solid was rotary evapd.; elem. anal.;	100%

{[(cyclopentadienyl)Co(diphenylphosphite(-1H))3]2Yb}+{CoCl3(THF)}-·2(benzene) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → {[(cyclopentadienyl)Co(diphenylphosphite(-1H))3]2Yb}+Cl-

Conditions	Yield
In acetone Inert atmosphere;	100%

C56H70Co2N4O4 + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → C56H70Cl2Co2N4O4

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: C56H70Co2N4O4 With oxygen; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane for 24h; Stage #2: sodium chloride In water	100%

ammonium hexachloridoplatinate(IV) + fluorine (7782-41-4) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → sodium hexafluoridoplatinate(IV)

Conditions	Yield
at 450℃; for 144h; Inert atmosphere; Milling;	100%

15-crown-5 (33100-27-5) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) + zinc(II) chloride (7646-85-7) → C10H20NaO5(1+)*Cl3Zn(1-)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 15-crown-5; sodium chloride In water at 20℃; for 12h; Stage #2: zinc(II) chloride In ethanol for 12h; Reflux;	100%

15-crown-5 (33100-27-5) + iron(III) chloride hexahydrate + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → Cl4Fe(1-)*C10H20NaO5(1+)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 15-crown-5; sodium chloride In water at 20℃; for 12h; Stage #2: iron(III) chloride hexahydrate In ethanol for 12h; Reflux;	100%

C38H29F2NPPt(1+)*BF4(1-) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → C38H29ClF2NPPt

Conditions	Yield
In acetone at 20℃;	100%

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetraphenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetracesium + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → {5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetraphenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetrasodium

Conditions	Yield
With DOWEX 50 WX8 100-200 ion exchange resin In acetone	99.5%

{5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetrafluorophenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetracesium + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) → {5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)tetrafluorophenyl]-17,18-dihydroporphyrin}tetrasodium

Conditions	Yield
With DOWEX 50 WX8 100-200 ion exchange resin In acetone	99.5%

2-Picolinic acid (98-98-6) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) + palladium dichloride → [Pd(picolinic acid)2] (22602-40-0)

Conditions	Yield
In water to aq. soln. Na2(PdCl4), prepared in situ by react. PdCl2 and NaCl, was added pyridine-2-carboxylic acid in water and stirred for 2 h; ppt. was filtered, washed with water and acetone, and dried in vacuo; elem. anal.;	99%

bis(diphenylphosphino)methane monooxide (23176-18-3) + sodium chloride (7647-14-5) + palladium dichloride → PdCl2((C6H5)2PCH2P(O)(C6H5)2)2 (113377-86-9, 150337-07-8)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; dichloromethane evapn., extg. (CH2Cl2), filtering, pptn. on concg. and ether addn. (-15°C, overnight), washing (ether), drying (vac.);	99%

Upstream product

• 14459-95-1 Potassium ferrocyanide trihyrate 
• 13943-58-3 Tetrapotassium hexacyanoferrate trihydrate 

Downstream Products

• 12217-29-7 Acid Green 28 
• 1681-36-3 4-Chloro-3-methylpyridine 
• 29671-92-9 CHLOROFORMAMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 
• 88040-23-7 Cefepime 
• 445-03-4 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzotrifluoride 
• 12218-96-1 Acid Black 107 
• 38260-01-4 TRIETHYLENETETRAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 
• 22062-53-9 5-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde 
• 12222-04-7 Direct Blue 199 
• 100-65-2 N-Phenylhydroxylamine 
• 109-60-4 Propyl acetate 
• 8001-78-3 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL 
• 88-53-9 2-Amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid 
• 70261-81-3 1-METHYL-4-(4-NITROBENZYL)PIPERAZINE 
• 148-75-4 3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid 
• 2647-14-5 CHLORIDE STANDARD 
• 21210-43-5 (S)-(+)-Methyl mandelate 
• 6359-82-6 ACID YELLOW 11 
• 6054-99-5 Mordant Yellow 10 
• 16583-08-7 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluoro-6-nitrobenzoic acid 
• 4961-40-4 TRIETHYLENETETRAMINE TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE 
• 15578-26-4 Stannous pyrophosphate 
• 158966-92-8 Montelukast 
• 5460-09-3 8-Amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid monosodium salt monohydrate 
• 10112-91-1 MERCUROUS CHLORIDE 
• 98786-86-8 3-AMINO-5-BROMO-PYRIDIN-2-OL 
• 148546-97-8 1-METHYL-4-(3-NITROPHENYL)PIPERAZINE 
• 9039-53-6 Urokinase 
• 61703-11-5 Disperse Red 74 
• 9001-33-6 FICIN 
• 52080-58-7 Solvent Violet 8 
• 37279-47-3 Copper, 2,2'-[carbonylbis[imino(1-hydroxy-3-sulfo-6,2-naphthalenediyl)azo]]bis[benzoic acid] complex 
• 10192-29-7 Ammonium chlorate 
• 98-44-2 2-Amino-1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid 

Recommend Products

• 15656-19-6  hypobromous acid 
• 7732-18-5  water 
• 13863-41-7  bromine chloride 
• 10049-04-4  chlorine dioxide 
• 7758-19-2  sodium chlorite 
• 7782-50-5  chlorine 
• 25895-60-7  sodium cyanoborohydride 
• 7646-85-7  zinc(II) chloride 
• 206265-17-0  6-[(4,6-diphenyl-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-1-hexylamine 
• 2797-51-5  quinoclamine 
• 141747-91-3  2,2-dimethyl-6-[(4,6-diphenyl-pyridin-2-yl)oxy]hexanonitrile 
• 7631-99-4  sodium nitrate 
• 497-19-8  sodium carbonate 
• 584-08-7  potassium carbonate