77896-51-6Relevant articles and documents
INTRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUENTS INTO 5-MEMBERED AZA-HETEROAROMATICS
Begtrup, Mikael
, p. 573 - 598 (2007/10/02)
With emphasis on mono- and regio-selectively, methods for introduction of substituents at nitrogen and carbon atoms of 5-membered aza-heteroaromatics have been developed.The methods involve application of activation and of assistant groups for direction and protection.Activation has been achieved by the use of quaternary azolium ions and azol-N-oxides as reactive intermediates.If necessary, the N-oxides were further activated by alkylation or acylation.
Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution in the Triazole N-Oxides and N-Methoxytriazolium Salts: Preparation of Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles
Begtrup, Mikael,Holm, John
, p. 503 - 513 (2007/10/02)
2-Phenyltriazole 1-oxides are activated at C-5 towards both electrophilic and nucleophilic attack.The N-oxides can be selectively halogenated and, in turn, the halogen replaced by strong nucleophiles.On subsequent deoxygenation, the N-oxides yield halogeno-, methylthio-, and methoxy-triazoles.Methylation produces N-methoxytriazolium salts in which H-5 can be replaced by weak nucleophiles, e.g. fluoride ions.Thus fluoro-, chloro-, hydroxy-, alkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, substituted amino-, azido-, nitro-, mercapto-, alkylthio-, acylthio-, and cyano-substituents can be introduced in the triazole nucleus.Alternatively deprotonated N-methoxytriazolium salts react with electrophiles producing substituted triazole N-oxides.The reactions of triazole N-oxides with hydrogen chloride to give chlorotriazoles, and with acetyl chloride to give acetoxytriazoles, are explained.